<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f276d114-c5d8-4ddb-a786-531bab0dbb72/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsd ws0">V<span class="blank _0"></span>ol.<span class="blank"> </span>15,<span class="blank"> </span>No.<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>(2016)<span class="blank"> </span>149-159</div><div class="c x2 y2 w2 h3"><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lse ws50">Revista Mexicana de<span class="ff3 lsd"> <span class="fc1 ws1">I</span></span><span class="ls0 ws2">ngeniería</span><span class="ff3 fc2 lsd"> <span class="ff4 fc1 ls1">Q</span></span><span class="lsf ws3">uímica</span><span class="ff3 fs2 lsd"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y5 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls10 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">CONTENIDO </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h6 y6 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y7 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Vo</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">8</span><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ú</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">3</span><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="fc3 sc0">9</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">/</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Vo</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">8</span><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">b</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">3</span><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="fc3 sc0">9</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ff6 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y8 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y9 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 ya ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">21</span><span class="fc3 sc0">3</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fc3 sc0">erivat</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">on </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">d </span><span class="fc3 sc0">appl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ica</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">io</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n </span><span class="fc3 sc0">of </span><span class="fc3 sc0">the </span><span class="fc3 sc0">S</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tefa</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">-Ma</span><span class="fc3 sc0">x</span><span class="fc3 sc0">w</span><span class="fc3 sc0">el</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">qua</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ion</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 yb ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls12 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> (</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">y</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _4"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="blank _4"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">ó</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _4"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _4"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">S</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _4"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="blank _5"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="blank _4"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">M</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">x</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">w</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 yc ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="ff3 ls13"><span class="fc3 sc0">St</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">hen </span><span class="fc3 sc0">W</span><span class="fc3 sc0">hi</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ke</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="ff6 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 yd ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 ye ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls14 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Bio</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ecno</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">og</span><span class="fc3 sc0">í</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">/</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Bi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ot</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ec</span><span class="fc3 sc0">hno</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">log</span><span class="fc3 sc0">y</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 yf ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">24</span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">M</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">do</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">bio</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">g</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dac</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ió</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">biorr</span><span class="fc3 sc0">eac</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tores </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">hidr</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">arbur</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">os </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">to</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ta</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">les </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">del</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">pe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tró</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">le</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y10 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls15 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">in</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">iz</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">y</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y11 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(Bi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ode</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gr</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ada</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">io</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ode</span><span class="fc3 sc0">lin</span><span class="fc3 sc0">g </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">slu</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">g</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">b</span><span class="fc3 sc0">iore</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ctors </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tal </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">etro</span><span class="fc3 sc0">le</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">hydr</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ocar</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bons </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">w</span><span class="fc3 sc0">eat</span><span class="fc3 sc0">he</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">g</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">in </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">il </span><span class="blank _7"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y12 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">and </span><span class="fc3 sc0">se</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nts)</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y13 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls16 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">S.A. </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Medi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">na-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">M</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">no, </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">S.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">H</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">-O</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">, </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">C.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">A. </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">L</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">cho-C</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o, </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">L</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Aguile</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">V</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ázq</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">z</span><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">A.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Jim</span><span class="fc3 sc0">é</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nez-</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y14 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls17 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Go</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">z</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">z</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">y</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">M</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Gu</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">é</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">z</span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">R</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">j</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y15 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">25</span><span class="fc3 sc0">9</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Cre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">cim</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o,</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">sobre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">v</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ive</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">cia </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">y </span><span class="fc3 sc0">ada</span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ó</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">de </span><span class="ff3"><span class="fc3 sc0">Bi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">b</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ter</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">iu</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">inf</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tis</span><span class="ff6 ls18"><span class="fc3 sc0"> a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y16 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls12 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> (</span><span class="blank _4"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">G</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">w</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="blank _4"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">v</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">v</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _4"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="blank _4"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _5"></span><span class="ff3 ls19"><span class="fc3 sc0">Bif</span><span class="fc3 sc0">id</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">b</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">cte</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">rium</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">inf</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">is</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ff6 ls1a"><span class="fc3 sc0"> t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> a</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">) </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y17 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">L</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Mayor</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ga-R</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">yes,</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">P. </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Bust</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">an</span><span class="fc3 sc0">te-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">Cam</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o,</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">A.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">G</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tiérrez-</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">N</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">va,</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">E. </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Barr</span><span class="fc3 sc0">anc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o-</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">Flor</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">do </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">y </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">A. </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Azaol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y18 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1b ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Es</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">no</span><span class="fc3 sc0">sa </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y19 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1c ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">26</span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">S</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tati</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tica</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oach </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">op</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">im</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">iza</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tio</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">tha</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">fe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ent</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tio</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">b</span><span class="fc3 sc0">y</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls19"><span class="fc3 sc0">Sac</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">har</span><span class="fc3 sc0">om</span><span class="fc3 sc0">yc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">es </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ev</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">iae</span><span class="ff6 ls1d"><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="blank _0"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank _0"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> t</span><span class="blank _0"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="blank _0"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _0"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y1a ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1e ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">presenc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">of </span><span class="fc3 sc0">V</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">lfor®</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">ze</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e </span><span class="fc3 sc0">N</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">A</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y1b ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(O</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pti</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">iza</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">esta</span><span class="fc3 sc0">díst</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ica</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">fe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rm</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">entac</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ió</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">eta</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nól</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ica</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="ff3 ls1f"><span class="fc3 sc0">Sa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ha</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">y</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">v</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span></span><span class="ls20"><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> p</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y1c ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">zeol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Va</span><span class="fc3 sc0">lfor®</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">ze</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e </span><span class="fc3 sc0">NaA)</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y1d ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls17 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">G.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">I</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">S</span><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">z</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">k</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">w</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">H.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">A</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">V</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">B</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">G.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Gu</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">é</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">z</span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">L</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ó</span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">z</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">H.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">He</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">z</span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">S</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">z</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y1e ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y1f ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls21 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Inge</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nier</span><span class="fc3 sc0">í</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oce</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os </span><span class="fc3 sc0">/</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Proc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ess </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">eng</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nee</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">g</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y20 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">27</span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Loca</span><span class="fc3 sc0">liza</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">una</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">pla</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ta</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tria</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">l:</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">vi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">sión </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">cr</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ít</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ica</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">y </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ecua</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ó</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">los </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">cri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ter</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ios </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">plead</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">os </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y21 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls22 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">es</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a </span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ó</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y22 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(P</span><span class="fc3 sc0">lant </span><span class="fc3 sc0">si</span><span class="fc3 sc0">te </span><span class="fc3 sc0">sele</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">cti</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n: </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Cri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ic</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">l </span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">vi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">w</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">d </span><span class="fc3 sc0">ade</span><span class="fc3 sc0">qua</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">criter</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">used </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">in </span><span class="fc3 sc0">this </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">cis</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">ion)</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y23 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls23 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">J.R. </span><span class="fc3 sc0">M</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dina, </span><span class="fc3 sc0">R.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">L. </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Romero </span><span class="fc3 sc0">y </span><span class="fc3 sc0">G.A. </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Pérez</span><span class="ff6 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y24 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y25 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y26 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y27 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 y28 ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4">AN<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v1">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h8 y28 ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5">ALISIS<span class="blank _c"> </span>HIDR<span class="blank _a"></span>ODIN<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v1">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h9 y28 ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6">AMICO<span class="blank"> </span>DE<span class="blank"> </span>UN<span class="blank"> </span>FLUJO<span class="blank"> </span>TURBULENT<span class="blank _a"></span>O<span class="blank"> </span>EN<span class="blank"> </span>UN<span class="blank"> </span>ESP<span class="blank _a"></span>A<span class="blank _a"></span>CIO</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y29 ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6">ANULAR<span class="blank"> </span>CON<span class="blank"> </span>ESPIRALES<span class="blank"> </span>INSER<span class="blank _a"></span>T<span class="blank _d"></span>AD<span class="blank _a"></span>AS</div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y2a ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6">HYDR<span class="blank _a"></span>OD<span class="blank _1"></span>YNAMIC<span class="blank"> </span>AN<span class="blank _a"></span>AL<span class="blank _d"></span>YSIS<span class="blank"> </span>OF<span class="blank"> </span>A<span class="blank"> </span>TURBULENT<span class="blank"> </span>FLO<span class="blank _a"></span>W<span class="blank"> </span>IN<span class="blank"> </span>AN<span class="blank"> </span>ANNULAR<span class="blank"> </span>SP<span class="blank _d"></span>A<span class="blank _a"></span>CE</div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y2b ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6">WITH<span class="blank"> </span>INSER<span class="blank _a"></span>TED<span class="blank"> </span>WIRE<span class="blank"> </span>SPIRAL</div><div class="t m0 xf ha y2c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws7">J.<span class="blank _e"> </span>Imbert-Gonz<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hb y2c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">alez<span class="fs8 ls8 v2">1</span><span class="ws9">,<span class="blank"> </span>O.<span class="blank"> </span>Garc</span></div><div class="t m0 x11 hc y2d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x11 hb y2c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">\u0131a-V<span class="blank _d"></span>alladares<span class="fs8 ls8 v2">2<span class="ls9 v3">*</span></span><span class="ws9">y<span class="blank"> </span>R.<span class="blank"> </span>Guillen-Gordin<span class="fs8 v2">1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x12 hd y2e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls8">1<span class="ff8 fs9 lsd wsa v4">F<span class="blank _a"></span>acultad<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Ingenier<span class="blank _a"></span>´<span class="blank _f"></span>\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span>Mec<span class="blank _8"> </span>´<span class="blank _10"></span>anica,<span class="blank"> </span>Universidad<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Oriente,<span class="blank"> </span>A<span class="blank _a"></span>ve<span class="blank"> </span>Las<span class="blank"> </span>Am<span class="blank _2"> </span>´<span class="blank _11"></span>ericas<span class="blank"> </span>s<span class="ff9 lsa">/</span>n.<span class="blank _c"> </span>Santia<span class="blank _1"></span>go<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Cuba.<span class="blank _c"> </span>Cuba</span></div><div class="t m0 x13 hd y2f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls8">2<span class="ff8 fs9 lsd wsa v4">Instituto<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Ener<span class="blank _a"></span>g´<span class="blank _f"></span>\u0131as<span class="blank"> </span>Renovables.<span class="blank _e"> </span>UNAM,<span class="blank"> </span>Priv<span class="blank _d"></span>.<span class="blank _c"> </span>Xochicalco<span class="blank"> </span>s<span class="ff9 lsa">/</span>n<span class="blank"> </span>Col.<span class="blank _e"> </span>Centr<span class="blank _1"></span>o<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _d"></span>emixco,<span class="blank"> </span>Morelos,<span class="blank"> </span>M<span class="blank _2"> </span>´<span class="blank _11"></span>exico</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 he y30 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsa">Recibido<span class="blank"> </span>9<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>febrero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>2015;<span class="blank"> </span>Aceptado<span class="blank"> </span>22<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>diciembre<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>2015</div><div class="t m0 x15 hf y31 ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">Resumen</div><div class="t m0 x15 h10 y32 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb">El<span class="blank _c"> </span>trabajo<span class="blank _12"> </span>ev<span class="blank _a"></span>al<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h10 y32 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsc">ua<span class="blank"> </span>experimentalmente<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>comportamiento<span class="blank"> </span>hidrodin<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x17 he y32 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsc">amico<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>turbulento<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>circular<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>espacio</div><div class="t m0 x15 h10 y33 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd">anular<span class="blank"> </span>donde<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>incorporan<span class="blank"> </span>espirales.<span class="blank _e"> </span>Para<span class="blank"> </span>determinar<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>aparici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h10 y33 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>turbulencia<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>sistema<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>emple<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h10 y33 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wse">o<span class="blank _13"> </span>la<span class="blank _13"> </span>inyecci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a he y33 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd">on<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x15 h10 y34 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf">tinta<span class="blank _e"> </span>como<span class="blank _e"> </span>t<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h10 y34 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws10">ecnica<span class="blank _e"> </span>de<span class="blank _e"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h10 y34 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11">on.<span class="blank _14"> </span>El<span class="blank _e"> </span>an<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1d h10 y34 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12">alisis<span class="blank _e"> </span>permiti<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1e h10 y34 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws13">o<span class="blank"> </span>identi\ufb01car<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>prov<span class="blank _1"></span>ocan<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>aparici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1f he y34 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws13">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>turbulencia</div><div class="t m0 x15 h10 y35 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14">a<span class="blank"> </span>menor<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>(menores<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x20 he y35 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14">umeros<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds).<span class="blank _c"> </span>Se<span class="blank"> </span>realizaron<span class="blank"> </span>mediciones<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x21 he y36 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x21 h10 y35 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14">\u0131da<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>presi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x22 he y35 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14">on<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>prov<span class="blank _a"></span>ocan<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales</div><div class="t m0 x15 h11 y37 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws15">para<span class="blank _e"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h11 y37 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16">umeros<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>1500<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>5000,<span class="blank"> </span>obteniendo<span class="blank"> </span>ecuaciones<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>correlaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x23 h11 y37 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x24 he y37 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17">on.<span class="blank _c"> </span>Los<span class="blank"> </span>resultados</div><div class="t m0 x15 h10 y38 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws18">permiten<span class="blank"> </span>conocer<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>qu<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h10 y38 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws18">e<span class="blank"> </span>medida<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>insertadas<span class="blank"> </span>inducen<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>aparici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x26 he y38 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws18">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>turbulencia<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>espacio<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank"> </span>lo<span class="blank"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 x15 h10 y39 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsa">a<span class="blank"> </span>su<span class="blank"> </span>vez<span class="blank"> </span>posibilita<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>dise<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">\u02dc</span></div><div class="t m0 x20 h10 y39 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsa">no<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>optimizaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x27 he y39 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsa">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>intercambiadores<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>calor<span class="blank _a"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x15 h10 y3a ff8 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws19">P<span class="blank _a"></span>alabr<span class="blank _1"></span>as<span class="blank"> </span>clave<span class="ff1 ws1a">:<span class="blank _15"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank _12"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _14"> </span>an<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h10 y3a ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b">alisis<span class="blank _12"> </span>hidrodin<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x28 h10 y3a ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1c">amico,<span class="blank _12"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x29 he y3a ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws19">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo,<span class="blank _12"> </span>muelles<span class="blank"> </span>insertados,<span class="blank _14"> </span>intercambiador<span class="blank"> </span>tubular</div><div class="t m0 x15 h10 y3b ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d">conc<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2a h10 y3b ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1e">entrico,<span class="blank _13"> </span>correlaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2b h10 y3b ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsa">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2c he y3b ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd">on.</div><div class="t m0 x15 hf y3c ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">Abstract</div><div class="t m0 x15 he y3d ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1f">The<span class="blank"> </span>paper<span class="blank"> </span>presents<span class="blank"> </span>an<span class="blank"> </span>experimental<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank _a"></span>vestigation<span class="blank"> </span>to<span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _a"></span>valuate<span class="blank"> </span>the<span class="blank"> </span>hydrodynamic<span class="blank"> </span>beha<span class="blank _1"></span>viour<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>turbulent<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02o<span class="blank _a"></span>w<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank"> </span>annular</div><div class="t m0 x15 he y3e ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws20">spaces<span class="blank"> </span>with<span class="blank"> </span>spirals<span class="blank"> </span>inserted.<span class="blank _c"> </span>It<span class="blank"> </span>is<span class="blank"> </span>used<span class="blank"> </span>ink<span class="blank"> </span>injection<span class="blank"> </span>as<span class="blank"> </span>visualization<span class="blank"> </span>technique<span class="blank"> </span>to<span class="blank"> </span>determine<span class="blank"> </span>the<span class="blank _13"> </span>occurrence<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>turbulence<span class="blank"> </span>in</div><div class="t m0 x15 he y3f ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws21">the<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ow<span class="blank"> </span>for<span class="blank"> </span>each<span class="blank"> </span>spiral<span class="blank"> </span>inserted.<span class="blank _16"> </span>The<span class="blank"> </span>analysis<span class="blank"> </span>identi\ufb01es<span class="blank"> </span>the<span class="blank"> </span>spirals<span class="blank"> </span>that<span class="blank"> </span>cause<span class="blank"> </span>the<span class="blank"> </span>onset<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>turbulence<span class="blank"> </span>at<span class="blank"> </span>lo<span class="blank _a"></span>wer<span class="blank"> </span>mass<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ow</div><div class="t m0 x15 he y40 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17">rate<span class="blank"> </span>value<span class="blank"> </span>(lo<span class="blank _a"></span>wer<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>number).<span class="blank _c"> </span>Measurements<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>pressure<span class="blank"> </span>drop<span class="blank"> </span>for<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>numbers<span class="blank"> </span>between<span class="blank"> </span>1500<span class="blank"> </span>and<span class="blank"> </span>5000<span class="blank"> </span>were</div><div class="t m0 x15 he y41 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws22">performed,<span class="blank"> </span>obtaining<span class="blank"> </span>equations<span class="blank"> </span>for<span class="blank"> </span>the<span class="blank"> </span>friction<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>correlation.<span class="blank _e"> </span>The<span class="blank"> </span>results<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>this<span class="blank"> </span>study<span class="blank"> </span>provide<span class="blank"> </span>insight<span class="blank"> </span>into<span class="blank"> </span>the<span class="blank"> </span>in\ufb02uence</div><div class="t m0 x15 he y42 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws23">of<span class="blank"> </span>the<span class="blank"> </span>spiral<span class="blank"> </span>inserted<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank"> </span>the<span class="blank"> </span>onset<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>turbulence<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank"> </span>annular<span class="blank"> </span>spaces<span class="blank"> </span>for<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>straight<span class="blank"> </span>annular<span class="blank"> </span>duct,<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank"> </span>order<span class="blank"> </span>to<span class="blank"> </span>design<span class="blank"> </span>and<span class="blank"> </span>optimise</div><div class="t m0 x15 he y43 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsa">of<span class="blank"> </span>heat<span class="blank"> </span>exchangers.</div><div class="t m0 x15 he y44 ff8 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd ws24">K<span class="blank _a"></span>eywor<span class="blank _a"></span>ds<span class="ff1 ws25">:<span class="blank _17"> </span>annular<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ow<span class="blank _d"></span>,<span class="blank _18"> </span>hydrodynamic<span class="blank"> </span>analysis,<span class="blank _18"> </span>\ufb02o<span class="blank _a"></span>w<span class="blank"> </span>visualization,<span class="blank _18"> </span>inserted<span class="blank"> </span>wire<span class="blank"> </span>coils,<span class="blank _19"> </span>double<span class="blank"> </span>concentric-pipe<span class="blank"> </span>heat</span></div><div class="t m0 x15 he y45 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsd wsa">exchanger<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank"> </span>friction<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>correlation.</div><div class="t m0 x0 h12 y46 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsd ws26">1<span class="blank _1a"> </span>Intr<span class="blank _1"></span>oducci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h13 y46 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y47 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws27">El<span class="blank _1b"> </span>dise<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">\u02dc</span></div><div class="t m0 x2d hc y47 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws28">no<span class="blank"> </span>adecuado<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>intercambiadores<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>calor</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y48 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws29">a<span class="blank"> </span>partir<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>empleo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y48 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws29">ecnicas<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>incrementar</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y49 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2a">la<span class="blank"> </span>transferencia<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>calor<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _1c"> </span>puede<span class="blank"> </span>conducir<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>un</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y4a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2b">importante<span class="blank"> </span>ahorro<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>recursos;<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe hc y4a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2b">umero<span class="blank"> </span>signi\ufb01cativ<span class="blank _a"></span>o</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y4b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2c">de<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank _a"></span>vestigadores<span class="blank"> </span>han<span class="blank"> </span>desarrollado<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2c hc y4b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2c">etodos<span class="blank"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y4c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2d">incrementar<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>turbulencia<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>intercambio<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>calor</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y4d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">entre<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02uidos<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>super\ufb01cies<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>contacto.</div><div class="t m0 x2e ha y4e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2e">Dentro<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2f hc y4e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2e">ecnicas<span class="blank"> </span>\u201cpasiv<span class="blank _a"></span>as\u201d<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>incremento<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y4f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2f">los<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01cientes<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>transferencia<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>calor<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _16"> </span>clasi\ufb01cada</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y50 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">as</div><div class="t m0 x30 hc y51 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x30 hc y50 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws30">\u0131<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>Bergles<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws31">y<span class="blank"> </span>col<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1">(1983),<span class="blank _1d"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>dispositiv<span class="blank _a"></span>os</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y52 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws32">helicoidales<span class="blank"> </span>o<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>remolino,<span class="blank _14"> </span>son<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>han</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y53 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws33">reportado<span class="blank _12"> </span>mayor<span class="blank _12"> </span>inter<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2b ha y53 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws34">es<span class="blank _12"> </span>pr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y53 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws35">actico<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>fabricantes</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y54 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws36">de<span class="blank"> </span>intercambiadores<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>calor<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank _1b"> </span>A<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x31 hc y54 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws36">un<span class="blank"> </span>bajo<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>constante</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y55 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws37">crecimiento<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank _a"></span>vestigaciones<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>nue<span class="blank _1"></span>vas<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x32 hc y55 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">ecnicas</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y56 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws38">de<span class="blank"> </span>incremento<span class="blank"> </span>basadas<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>incorporaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x34 hc y56 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws38">on<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y57 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws39">nano\ufb02uidos,<span class="blank _17"> </span>como<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>desarrollada<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>Haghighi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8">y</span></div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y58 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">col<span class="ff1 ws3a">.(2013),<span class="blank _16"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>nuev<span class="blank _a"></span>as<span class="blank"> </span>aplicaciones<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y58 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">ecnicas</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y59 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws3b">activ<span class="blank _a"></span>as<span class="blank"> </span>usando<span class="blank"> </span>materiales<span class="blank"> </span>electroactiv<span class="blank _a"></span>os<span class="blank"> </span>publicada</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y5a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws3c">por<span class="blank _1e"> </span>L<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 ha y5a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws3d">eal<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws3e">y<span class="blank"> </span>col</span><span class="ws3f">.<span class="blank _1f"> </span>(2013),<span class="blank _1b"> </span>son<span class="blank _1e"> </span>las<span class="blank _1e"> </span>t<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x36 hc y5a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws3e">ecnicas<span class="blank"> </span>pasiv<span class="blank _a"></span>as</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y5b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws40">basadas<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>incremento<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>rugosidad<span class="blank"> </span>integral<span class="blank"> </span>y</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y5c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws41">la<span class="blank _12"> </span>incorporaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x37 h14 y5c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws42">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>dispositiv<span class="blank _a"></span>os<span class="blank"> </span>helicoidales,<span class="blank _12"> </span>no<span class="blank"> </span>s<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x38 hc y5c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">olo</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y5d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws43">las<span class="blank _c"> </span>m<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x39 ha y5d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws44">as<span class="blank"> </span>atractiv<span class="blank _a"></span>as<span class="blank"> </span>desde<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>punto<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>vista<span class="blank"> </span>econ<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x34 hc y5d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">omico,</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y5e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws45">sino<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>mayores<span class="blank"> </span>posibilidades<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>aplicaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3a hc y5e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws45">on<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y5f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">industria.</div><div class="t m0 x3b ha y4f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws46">La<span class="blank _18"> </span>obtenci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3c hc y4f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws47">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>ecuaciones<span class="blank"> </span>semiemp</div><div class="t m0 x3d hc y60 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x3d hc y4f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws47">\u0131ricas<span class="blank"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y50 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws48">los<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01cientes<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>transferencia<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>calor<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>factor</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y52 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws49">de<span class="blank _15"> </span>fricci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3e ha y52 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4a">on<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>parte<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3f hc y52 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4a">etodo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>W<span class="blank _a"></span>ilson<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>por</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y53 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4b">la<span class="blank"> </span>v</div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y61 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x3b h14 y53 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4b">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>balance<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x40 hc y53 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4b">ermico<span class="blank"> </span>empleando<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>ecuaciones</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y54 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4c">de<span class="blank"> </span>transferencia<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>calor<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _19"> </span>no<span class="blank"> </span>ha<span class="blank"> </span>ofrecido<span class="blank"> </span>diferencias</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y55 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4d">signi\ufb01cativ<span class="blank _a"></span>as<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>acuerdo<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>publicados</div><div class="t m0 x15 h15 y62 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 lsb">*<span class="ff8 fsb lsd ws4e v5">Autor<span class="blank"> </span>par<span class="blank _1"></span>a<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>corr<span class="blank _1"></span>espondencia.<span class="blank"> </span>E-mail<span class="ff1 lsc">:<span class="ffa lsd">ogv@ier.unam.mx</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h16 y63 ff8 fsb fc0 sc0 lsd ws4f">T<span class="blank _a"></span>el.<span class="blank"> </span>55-56229746</div><div class="t m0 x41 ha y64 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Publicado<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Academia<span class="blank"> </span>Mexicana<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>In<span class="blank _a"></span>vestigaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x42 hc y64 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>Docencia<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>Ingenier</div><div class="t m0 x43 hc y65 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x43 hc y64 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span>Qu</div><div class="t m0 x44 hc y65 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x44 hc y64 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131mica<span class="blank"> </span>A.C.<span class="blank _20"> </span>149</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x41 y66 w3 h17" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f276d114-c5d8-4ddb-a786-531bab0dbb72/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 xa hc y67 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Imbert-Gonz<span class="blank _8"> </span>´<span class="blank _21"></span>alez<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>col.<span class="ffb ls24">/</span><span class="ff1">Revista<span class="blank"> </span>Me<span class="blank _a"></span>xicana<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ws8">I</span>ngenier</span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws51">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ls25">Q</span>u</div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131mica<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>ol.<span class="blank"> </span>15,<span class="blank"> </span>No.<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>(2016)<span class="blank"> </span>149-159</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws52">por<span class="blank"> </span>Flores<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws53">y<span class="blank"> </span>col<span class="ff1">.<span class="blank _19"> </span>(2013),<span class="blank"> </span>lo<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>permite<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>empleo<span class="blank"> </span>de</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y6a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws54">ambos<span class="blank _e"> </span>m<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 hc y6a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">etodos<span class="blank"> </span>indistintamente.</div><div class="t m0 x2e hc y6b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws55">De<span class="blank"> </span>acuerdo<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank _a"></span>vestigaciones<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y6c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws56">sistemas<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>espacios<span class="blank"> </span>anulares<span class="blank"> </span>desarrolladas</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y6d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws57">por<span class="blank"> </span>Murugesan<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws58">y<span class="blank"> </span>col<span class="ff1">.<span class="blank _7"> </span>(2009)<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>an<span class="blank"> </span>Zyl<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8">y<span class="blank"> </span>col</span>.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y6e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws59">(2013),<span class="blank _15"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>f<span class="blank _a"></span>actor</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y6f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5a">de<span class="blank _1b"> </span>fricci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 hc y6f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5b">on,<span class="blank _23"> </span>no<span class="blank"> </span>han<span class="blank"> </span>ofrecido<span class="blank"> </span>coincidencia<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>sus</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4c">soluciones,<span class="blank _16"> </span>siendo<span class="blank"> </span>dependiente<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>relaci<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x46 hc y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5c">on<span class="blank"> </span>anular</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y71 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls26">(<span class="ff8 lsd ws8">a</span><span class="lsd ws5d">),<span class="blank _1b"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>propiedades<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02uido<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>rango<span class="blank"> </span>de</span></div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5e">\ufb02ujo.<span class="blank _24"> </span>El<span class="blank _14"> </span>an<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x47 hc y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5f">alisis<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>comportamiento<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>este<span class="blank"> </span>factor</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y73 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws60">indica<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>diferencia<span class="blank"> </span>notable<span class="blank"> </span>respecto<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>considerado</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y74 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws61">en<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>conducto<span class="blank"> </span>circular<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank _1b"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>tabla<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>muestra<span class="blank"> </span>algunas</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y75 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws62">correlaciones<span class="blank"> </span>disponibles<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x48 hc y75 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws62">on<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y76 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\ufb02ujos<span class="blank"> </span>anulares.</div><div class="t m0 x2e ha y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws63">Kaneda<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws64">y<span class="blank"> </span>col</span><span class="ws65">.<span class="blank _25"> </span>(2003)<span class="blank _24"> </span>realiz<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x49 hc y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws64">o<span class="blank"> </span>simulaciones</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y78 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws66">num<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4a hc y78 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws67">ericas<span class="blank"> </span>directas<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>propuso<span class="blank"> </span>su</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y79 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws68">ecuaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y79 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws69">on<span class="blank"> </span>basada<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>tensiones<span class="blank"> </span>cortantes<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>se</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y7a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6a">desarrollan<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>contacto<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>pared<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02uido.</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y7b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6b">Jones<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>Leung<span class="blank"> </span>(1981)<span class="blank"> </span>us<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4c ha y7b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6b">o<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>correcci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y7b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y7c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6c">para<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4e ha y7c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6d">anulos<span class="blank"> </span>lisos<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>modi\ufb01caban<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4f hc y7c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6d">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y7d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6e">Reynolds<span class="blank _12"> </span>bas<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1b ha y7d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6f">andose<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x50 ha y7d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws70">ametro<span class="blank _14"> </span>hidr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2c hc y7d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws71">aulico.<span class="blank"> </span>Esta</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y7e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws72">modi\ufb01caci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x51 ha y7e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6b">on<span class="blank"> </span>fue<span class="blank"> </span>usada<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x31 hc y7e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6b">alculo<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y7f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws73">fricci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x52 h14 y7f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws74">on<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>turbulento<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank _1b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1d hc y7f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws74">anulos<span class="blank"> </span>lisos.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y80 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws75">Gnielinski<span class="blank"> </span>(2009),<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>partir<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>amplio<span class="blank"> </span>conjunto<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y81 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws76">datos<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales<span class="blank"> </span>obtuv<span class="blank _a"></span>o<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>correlaci<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4f hc y81 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws76">on<span class="blank"> </span>basada</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y82 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws77">en<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>correlaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x53 hc y82 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws77">on<span class="blank"> </span>modi\ufb01cada<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y83 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws73">fricci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x52 hc y83 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws78">on<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>sistemas<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujos<span class="blank"> </span>turbulentos<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>tubos</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y84 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws79">lisos.<span class="blank _1b"> </span>La<span class="blank _c"> </span>ecuaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x54 hc y84 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws7a">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Blasius<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>espacios<span class="blank"> </span>anulares</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y85 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">es<span class="blank"> </span>incluida<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>tabla<span class="blank"> </span>1,<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>modo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>comparaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x55 hc y85 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on.</div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws7b">Resultados<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank _a"></span>vestigaciones<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws53">publicadas<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>Siddique<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8">y<span class="blank"> </span>col</span><span class="ws7c">.<span class="blank _19"> </span>(2010),<span class="blank"> </span>Hussein<span class="blank"> </span></span><span class="ff8">y<span class="blank"> </span>col</span>.</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y6b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws7d">(2011)<span class="blank _c"> </span>y<span class="blank _c"> </span>Fern<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x37 hc y6b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws7e">andez<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>Uhia<span class="blank"> </span>(2012)<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>Reza<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>Gholami</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5c">(2014),<span class="blank _16"> </span>ponen<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>mani\ufb01esto<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>posibilidades<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws7f">espirales<span class="blank"> </span>como<span class="blank"> </span>elemento<span class="blank"> </span>promotor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>turbulencia</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws3b">en<span class="blank"> </span>espacios<span class="blank"> </span>anulares,<span class="blank _24"> </span>ya<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>permiten<span class="blank"> </span>modi\ufb01car</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y6f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws80">la<span class="blank _23"> </span>hidrodin<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x56 hc y6f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2c">amica<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>espacios<span class="blank"> </span>anulares,</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws81">con<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>discreto<span class="blank"> </span>aumento<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x57 hc y86 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x57 ha y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws81">\u0131da<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>presi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x38 hc y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on.</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y71 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws82">Estos<span class="blank"> </span>estudios,<span class="blank _1b"> </span>aunque<span class="blank"> </span>no<span class="blank"> </span>obtienen<span class="blank"> </span>ecuaciones<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws83">correlaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3e h14 y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws84">on<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>esta<span class="blank"> </span>con\ufb01guraci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x58 hc y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws84">on,<span class="blank"> </span>ponen<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>relieve</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y73 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws85">las<span class="blank"> </span>potencialidades<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>esta<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x59 hc y73 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws86">ecnica<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>incremento,</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y74 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">recomendando<span class="blank"> </span>estudios<span class="blank"> </span>posteriores<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>realizarse.</div><div class="t m0 x3b h14 y87 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws87">El<span class="blank"> </span>empleo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5a h14 y87 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws87">ecnicas<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>visulizaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5b hc y87 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws87">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujos<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y88 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4c">espacios<span class="blank"> </span>anulares<span class="blank"> </span>ha<span class="blank"> </span>sido<span class="blank"> </span>empleado<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>Chen<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8">y<span class="blank"> </span>col</span>.</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y89 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws88">(2015),<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>an<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5c ha y89 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws89">alisis<span class="blank _12"> </span>hidrodin<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x59 hc y89 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws88">amico<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>sistemas<span class="blank"> </span>con</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y8a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8a">elementos<span class="blank"> </span>turbulizadores,<span class="blank"> </span>mostrando<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y8a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">egimen</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y8b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>puede<span class="blank"> </span>ser<span class="blank"> </span>de\ufb01nido<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x3b ha y7b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8b">Atendiendo<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>lo<span class="blank"> </span>anterior<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _26"> </span>esta<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank _a"></span>vestigaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5d hc y7b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y7c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8c">ev<span class="blank _a"></span>al<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5e hc y7c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8d">ua<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>manera<span class="blank"> </span>experimental<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>comportamiento</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y7d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8e">hidrodin<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x26 hc y7d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8f">amico<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>turbulento<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>espacio</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y7e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws90">anular<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _27"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>incorporan<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>como</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y8c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws91">elementos<span class="blank"> </span>turbulizadores.<span class="blank _28"> </span>El<span class="blank"> </span>trabajo<span class="blank"> </span>incluye<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y80 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws92">determinaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x56 hc y80 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws93">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>valores<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Re<span class="blank _a"></span>ynolds<span class="blank"> </span>cr</div><div class="t m0 x5f hc y8d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x5f hc y80 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws93">\u0131tico<span class="blank"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y81 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws94">un<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank"> </span>donde<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>insertan<span class="blank"> </span>espirales,<span class="blank _17"> </span>hasta</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y82 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws95">la<span class="blank _18"> </span>determinaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3c ha y82 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws96">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x60 ha y82 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws97">on<span class="blank _18"> </span>en<span class="blank _15"> </span>r<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y82 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">egimen</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y83 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws98">turbulento,<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>obtener<span class="blank"> </span>ecuaciones<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>correlaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x61 hc y83 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws98">on<span class="blank"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y84 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws99">pueden<span class="blank"> </span>ayudar<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>dise<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">\u02dc</span></div><div class="t m0 x62 h14 y84 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9a">no<span class="blank _c"> </span>t<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x63 hc y84 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws99">ermico<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>intercambiadores</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y8e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">de<span class="blank"> </span>calor<span class="blank _a"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x64 ha y8f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">T<span class="blank _d"></span>abla<span class="blank"> </span>1.<span class="blank _12"> </span>Correlaciones<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x65 ha y8f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">alculo<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x66 hc y8f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>conductos<span class="blank"> </span>anulares.</div><div class="c x41 y90 w4 h18"><div class="t m0 x67 h19 y91 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x68 h19 y93 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x41 y90 w4 h18"><div class="t m0 x69 h19 y94 ffc fsc fc4 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h19 y95 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">1. Corre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">one</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">onduc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h19 y96 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> </div><div class="t m0 x14 h1b y97 ffd fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6a h1b y98 ffd fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h19 y99 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1. </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">q</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ue</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">on </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">que</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">om</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pone</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n. </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(1) </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ubo </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">xt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h19 y9a ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rí</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o. </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(2) </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ubo </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">obre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(3) </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Bom</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ba</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">um</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rgi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(4) </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">A</span><span class="fc3 sc0">guj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nye</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ora</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(5) </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h19 y9b ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pós</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(6) </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">V</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">vul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(7) </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">M</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nóm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">di</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(8) </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">óm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Cori</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(9) </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h19 y9c ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">óm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ros</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. (10) E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oport</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h19 y9d ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h19 y9e ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x41 y9f w6 h1c"><div class="t m0 x6b h1d ya0 ffe fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Autor </div></div><div class="c x6c y9f w7 h1c"><div class="t m0 x6d h1d ya0 ffe fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Ecuación </div></div><div class="c x3e y9f w8 h1c"><div class="t m0 x6e h1d ya0 ffe fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Relación </div><div class="t m0 x6b h1d ya1 ffe fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">anular (<span class="fff ls27">a</span>) </div></div><div class="c x63 y9f w9 h1c"><div class="t m0 x6f h1d ya0 ffe fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Número de </div><div class="t m0 x6b h1d ya1 ffe fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Reynolds </div></div><div class="c x41 ya2 w6 h1e"><div class="t m0 x69 h19 ya3 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Kaneda <span class="ff10 ls2c">y </span></div><div class="t m0 x70 h19 ya4 ff10 fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws9b">col.<span class="ffc ws50"> (2003) </span></div></div><div class="c x71 ya2 wa h1e"><div class="t m1 x72 h1f ya5 ff11 fsd fc0 sc0 lsd">2</div><div class="t m1 x73 h20 ya6 ff11 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">8</div><div class="t m1 x12 h20 ya7 ff11 fse fc0 sc0 ls2d">Re</div><div class="t m1 x74 h20 ya8 ff11 fse fc0 sc0 ls2e ws9c">55<span class="blank"> </span>0</div><div class="t m1 x2e h20 ya6 ff11 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">8</div><div class="t m1 xd h20 ya9 ff11 fse fc0 sc0 ls2d">Re</div><div class="t m1 x75 h20 yaa ff11 fse fc0 sc0 ls2f">ln</div><div class="t m1 x76 h20 yab ff11 fse fc0 sc0 ls2e ws9c">43<span class="blank"> </span>6<span class="blank _29"></span><span class="lsd ws9d">.<span class="blank _2a"></span>0</span></div><div class="t m1 x77 h20 ya8 ff11 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">1</div><div class="t m1 x78 h20 yaa ff11 fse fc0 sc0 ls2e ws9e">61<span class="blank _2b"></span><span class="lsd ws9d">.<span class="blank _2a"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m1 x67 h20 yab ff11 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">8</div><div class="t m1 x79 h21 ya5 ff12 fsd fc0 sc0 lsd">\u2212</div><div class="t m1 x2f h22 yac ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u23a5</div><div class="t m1 x2f h22 yad ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u23a5</div><div class="t m1 x2f h22 ya9 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u23a5</div><div class="t m1 x2f h22 yae ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u23a6</div><div class="t m1 x2f h22 yaf ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u23a4</div><div class="t m1 x7a h22 yac ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u23a2</div><div class="t m1 x7a h22 yad ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u23a2</div><div class="t m1 x7a h22 ya9 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u23a2</div><div class="t m1 x7a h22 yae ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u23a3</div><div class="t m1 x7a h22 yaf ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u23a1</div><div class="t m1 x7b h22 yaa ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u2212</div><div class="t m1 x4e h22 yb0 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u239f</div><div class="t m1 x4e h22 yb1 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u239f</div><div class="t m1 x4e h22 yb2 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u239f</div><div class="t m1 x4e h22 yb3 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u23a0</div><div class="t m1 x4e h22 yb4 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u239e</div><div class="t m1 x7c h22 yb0 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u239c</div><div class="t m1 x7c h22 yb1 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u239c</div><div class="t m1 x7c h22 yb2 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u239c</div><div class="t m1 x7c h22 yb3 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u239d</div><div class="t m1 x7c h22 yb4 ff12 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">\u239b</div><div class="t m1 x7d h23 yaa ff13 fse fc0 sc0 lsd ws9d">+<span class="blank _2c"></span>=</div><div class="t m1 x7e h20 yb5 ff14 fse fc0 sc0 lsd ws9d">f<span class="blank _2d"></span>f</div><div class="t m1 x8 h20 ya8 ff14 fse fc0 sc0 lsd">f</div><div class="t m1 x7f h1f yb6 ff14 fsd fc0 sc0 ls30">Dh</div><div class="t m1 x2e h1f yb7 ff14 fsd fc0 sc0 ls30">Dh</div></div><div class="c x6c ya2 w7 h1e"><div class="t m0 x25 h19 yb8 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> </div></div><div class="c x3e ya2 w8 h1e"><div class="t m0 x80 h19 yb9 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">0.0 \u2013 1.0 </div></div><div class="c x63 ya2 w9 h1e"><div class="t m0 x81 h24 yb9 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">> 10<span class="fsf v6">4 </span></div></div><div class="c x41 yba w6 h25"><div class="t m0 x82 h19 ybb ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Jones y </div><div class="t m0 x6b h19 ybc ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Leung </div><div class="t m0 x6b h19 ybd ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">(1981) </div></div><div class="c x83 ybe wb h26"><div class="t m2 xa h27 ybf ff15 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9f">8<span class="blank _2e"></span>.<span class="blank _2e"></span>0<span class="blank _2f"></span><span class="ls31 wsa0">Re<span class="blank"> </span>¨<span class="blank _30"></span><span class="ls32 wsa1">lo<span class="blank _a"></span>g<span class="blank _31"></span><span class="lsd">2</span></span></span></div><div class="t m2 x69 h27 yc0 ff15 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd">1</div><div class="t m2 x84 h28 yc1 ff15 fs11 fc0 sc0 lsd wsa2">10<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff16 fs10 ws9f v1">\u2212<span class="blank _32"></span><span class="ff17 ls28">=<span class="ff18 lsd">f</span></span></span></div><div class="t m2 x82 h27 yc2 ff18 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd">f</div></div><div class="c x6c yba w7 h25"><div class="t m0 x53 h19 yc3 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> </div></div><div class="c x85 yba wc h29"><div class="t m3 x12 h27 yc4 ff19 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9f">a<span class="blank _2c"></span>a</div><div class="t m3 x51 h27 yc5 ff19 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9f">a<span class="blank _33"></span>a<span class="blank _2c"></span>a</div><div class="t m3 x86 h2a yc6 ff19 fs11 fc0 sc0 ls33 wsa3">Dh<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1a fs10 ls32 wsa1 v7">ln<span class="blank _34"></span><span class="lsd ws9f">)<span class="blank _35"></span>1<span class="blank _36"></span>(</span></span></div><div class="t m3 x1b h27 yc5 ff1a fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9f">)<span class="blank _37"></span>1<span class="blank _36"></span>(<span class="blank _38"></span><span class="ls32 wsa1">ln<span class="blank _39"></span><span class="lsd ws9f">)<span class="blank _37"></span>1<span class="blank _36"></span>(</span></span></div><div class="t m3 x87 h27 yc7 ff1a fs10 fc0 sc0 ls34 wsa4">Re<span class="blank _3a"></span>Re<span class="blank"> </span>¨<span class="blank _3b"> </span><span class="fs11 lsd v4">2</span></div><div class="t m3 x74 h2a yc8 ff1a fs11 fc0 sc0 lsd wsa5">2<span class="blank _3c"></span>2</div><div class="t m3 x88 h2b yc4 ff1b fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd">\u2212</div><div class="t m3 x89 h2b yc5 ff1b fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9f">\u2212<span class="blank _2d"></span><span class="ff1c">+</span></div><div class="t m3 x80 h2b yc7 ff1c fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd">=</div></div><div class="c x6c yba w7 h25"><div class="t m0 x72 h19 yc9 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> </div></div><div class="c x3e yba w8 h25"><div class="t m0 x80 h19 ybc ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">0.0 \u2013 1.0 </div></div><div class="c x63 yba w9 h25"><div class="t m0 x8a h2c ybc ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws9b">10<span class="fsf ls29 v6">4</span>-10<span class="fsf ws50 v6">6 </span></div></div><div class="c x41 yca w6 h2d"><div class="t m0 x8b h19 ycb ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Gnielinski </div><div class="t m0 x6f h19 ycc ffc fsc fc0 sc0 ls2a">V<span class="ls35 ws50">. (2009)<span class="lsd"> </span></span></div></div><div class="c x8c ycd wd h2e"><div class="t m4 x52 h27 ybf ff1d fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9f">5<span class="blank _2e"></span>.<span class="blank _2e"></span>1<span class="blank _3d"></span><span class="ls34 wsa6">Re<span class="blank"> </span>¨<span class="blank _30"></span><span class="ls36 wsa7">lo<span class="blank _1"></span>g<span class="blank _3e"></span><span class="lsd ws9f">8<span class="blank _2e"></span>.<span class="blank _2e"></span>1</span></span></span></div><div class="t m4 x69 h27 yc0 ff1d fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd">1</div><div class="t m4 x8d h2f yc1 ff1d fs11 fc0 sc0 ls37 wsa8">10<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1e fs10 lsd ws9f v1">\u2212<span class="blank _3f"></span><span class="ff1f">=</span></span></div><div class="t m4 x82 h27 yc2 ff20 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd">f</div></div><div class="c x6c yca w7 h2d"><div class="t m0 x8e h19 yc3 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> </div></div><div class="c x85 yca wc h2e"><div class="t m3 x89 h27 yc4 ff21 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9f">a<span class="blank _2c"></span>a</div><div class="t m3 x51 h27 yc5 ff21 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9f">a<span class="blank _33"></span>a<span class="blank _2c"></span>a</div><div class="t m3 x86 h2a yc6 ff21 fs11 fc0 sc0 ls33 wsa3">Dh<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff22 fs10 ls32 wsa1 v7">ln<span class="blank _34"></span><span class="lsd ws9f">)<span class="blank _35"></span>1<span class="blank _36"></span>(</span></span></div><div class="t m3 x1b h27 yc5 ff22 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9f">)<span class="blank _37"></span>1<span class="blank _36"></span>(<span class="blank _38"></span><span class="ls32 wsa1">ln<span class="blank _39"></span><span class="lsd ws9f">)<span class="blank _37"></span>1<span class="blank _36"></span>(</span></span></div><div class="t m3 x87 h27 yc7 ff22 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls34 wsa4">Re<span class="blank _3a"></span>Re<span class="blank"> </span>¨<span class="blank _3b"> </span><span class="fs11 lsd v4">2</span></div><div class="t m3 x74 h2a yc8 ff22 fs11 fc0 sc0 lsd wsa5">2<span class="blank _3c"></span>2</div><div class="t m3 x88 h2b yc4 ff23 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd">\u2212</div><div class="t m3 x89 h2b yc5 ff23 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9f">\u2212<span class="blank _2d"></span><span class="ff24">+</span></div><div class="t m3 x80 h2b yc7 ff24 fs10 fc0 sc0 lsd">=</div></div><div class="c x6c yca w7 h2d"><div class="t m0 x72 h19 yc9 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> </div></div><div class="c x3e yca w8 h2d"><div class="t m0 x8f h19 ycb ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">No </div><div class="t m0 x69 h19 ycc ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">especificado </div></div><div class="c x63 yca w9 h2d"><div class="t m0 x8f h19 ycb ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">No </div><div class="t m0 x69 h19 ycc ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">especificado </div></div><div class="c x41 yce w6 h30"><div class="t m0 x8b h19 ya0 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Blasius H. </div><div class="t m0 x6b h19 ycf ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">(1914) </div></div><div class="c x90 yd0 we h31"><div class="t m5 x91 h32 yd1 ff25 fs12 fc0 sc0 ls38 wsa9">25<span class="blank _2e"></span><span class="lsd wsaa">.<span class="blank _40"></span>0</span></div><div class="t m5 x76 h33 yd2 ff25 fs13 fc0 sc0 ls39 wsab">Re<span class="blank _41"></span><span class="ls3a wsac">31<span class="blank"> </span>64<span class="blank _42"></span><span class="lsd wsad">.<span class="blank _2e"></span>0<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff26 fs12 v8">\u2212</span></span></span></div><div class="t m5 x82 h34 yd2 ff27 fs13 fc0 sc0 ls2b">=<span class="ff28 fs12 ls3b v9">Dh</span></div><div class="t m5 x8 h35 yd2 ff28 fs13 fc0 sc0 lsd">f</div></div><div class="c x6c yce w7 h30"><div class="t m0 x92 h19 yd3 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> </div></div><div class="c x3e yce w8 h30"><div class="t m0 x8f h19 ya0 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">No </div><div class="t m0 x69 h19 ycf ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">especificado </div></div><div class="c x63 yce w9 h30"><div class="t m0 x8f h19 ya0 ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">No </div><div class="t m0 x69 h19 ycf ffc fsc fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">especificado </div></div><div class="t m0 x75 hc y64 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsae">150<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws8">www<span class="blank _a"></span>.rmiq.or<span class="blank _a"></span>g</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x93 yd4 wf h36" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f276d114-c5d8-4ddb-a786-531bab0dbb72/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x51 hc y67 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Imbert-Gonz<span class="blank _8"> </span>´<span class="blank _21"></span>alez<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>col.<span class="ffb ls3c">/</span><span class="ff1">Revista<span class="blank"> </span>Me<span class="blank _a"></span>xicana<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ws8">I</span>ngenier</span></div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws51">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ls25">Q</span>u</div><div class="t m0 x3e hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x3e hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131mica<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>ol.<span class="blank"> </span>15,<span class="blank"> </span>No.<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>(2016)<span class="blank"> </span>149-159</div><div class="c x0 yd5 w10 h37"><div class="t m0 x6e h38 yd6 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x94 h38 yd7 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x0 yd5 w10 h37"><div class="t m0 x95 h38 yd8 ff29 fs14 fc4 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6e h38 yd9 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">1. Corre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">one</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">onduc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6e h38 yda ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1d h39 ydb ff2a fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x96 h39 ydc ff2a fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6e h38 ydd ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1. </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">q</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ue</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">on </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">que</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">om</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pone</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n. </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(1) </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ubo </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">xt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or </span></div><div class="t m0 x6e h38 yde ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rí</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o. </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(2) </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ubo </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">obre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(3) </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Bom</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ba</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">um</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rgi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(4) </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">A</span><span class="fc3 sc0">guj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nye</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ora</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(5) </span></div><div class="t m0 x6e h38 ydf ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pós</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(6) </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">V</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">vul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(7) </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">M</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nóm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">di</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(8) </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">óm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Cori</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(9) </span></div><div class="t m0 x6e h38 ye0 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">óm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ros</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. (10) E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oport</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6e h38 ye1 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6e h38 ye2 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x7b h3a ye3 ff2b fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">A</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tor</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _43"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Ec</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ac</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _44"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">R</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ac</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x97 h3a ye4 ff2b fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">an</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ar</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> (</span><span class="ff2c wsaf"><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x98 h3a ye3 ff2b fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">N</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ú</span><span class="fc3 sc0">me</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x60 h3a ye4 ff2b fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">R</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">yn</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x52 h38 ye5 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">K</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ne</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="ff2d ls46"><span class="fc3 sc0">y </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4a h38 ye6 ff2d fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb0"><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="ff29 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(2003)</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m1 x3e h3b ye7 ff2e fs15 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span></div><div class="t m1 x99 h3c ye8 ff2e fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">8</span></div><div class="t m1 x9a h3c ye9 ff2e fs16 fc0 sc0 ls47"><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span></div><div class="t m1 x9b h3c yea ff2e fs16 fc0 sc0 ls48 wsb1"><span class="fc3 sc0">55</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span></div><div class="t m1 x9c h3c ye8 ff2e fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">8</span></div><div class="t m1 x32 h3c yeb ff2e fs16 fc0 sc0 ls47"><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span></div><div class="t m1 x9d h3c yec ff2e fs16 fc0 sc0 ls49"><span class="fc3 sc0">ln</span></div><div class="t m1 x9e h3c yed ff2e fs16 fc0 sc0 ls48 wsb1"><span class="fc3 sc0">43</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">6</span><span class="blank _34"></span><span class="lsd wsb2"><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="blank _2e"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span></span></div><div class="t m1 x9f h3c yea ff2e fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span></div><div class="t m1 x85 h3c yec ff2e fs16 fc0 sc0 ls48 wsb3"><span class="fc3 sc0">61</span><span class="blank _3"></span><span class="lsd wsb2"><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="blank _45"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span></span></div><div class="t m1 xa0 h3c yed ff2e fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">8</span></div><div class="t m1 x26 h3d ye7 ff2f fs15 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></div><div class="t m1 x45 h3e yee ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u23a5</span></div><div class="t m1 x45 h3e yef ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u23a5</span></div><div class="t m1 x45 h3e yeb ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u23a5</span></div><div class="t m1 x45 h3e yf0 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u23a6</span></div><div class="t m1 x45 h3e yf1 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u23a4</span></div><div class="t m1 xc h3e yee ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u23a2</span></div><div class="t m1 xc h3e yef ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u23a2</span></div><div class="t m1 xc h3e yeb ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u23a2</span></div><div class="t m1 xc h3e yf0 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u23a3</span></div><div class="t m1 xc h3e yf1 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u23a1</span></div><div class="t m1 xa1 h3e yec ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></div><div class="t m1 x1e h3e yf2 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u239f</span></div><div class="t m1 x1e h3e yf3 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u239f</span></div><div class="t m1 x1e h3e yf4 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u239f</span></div><div class="t m1 x1e h3e yf5 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u23a0</span></div><div class="t m1 x1e h3e yf6 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u239e</span></div><div class="t m1 xa2 h3e yf2 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u239c</span></div><div class="t m1 xa2 h3e yf3 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u239c</span></div><div class="t m1 xa2 h3e yf4 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u239c</span></div><div class="t m1 xa2 h3e yf5 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u239d</span></div><div class="t m1 xa2 h3e yf6 ff2f fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u239b</span></div><div class="t m1 x8c h3f yec ff30 fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb2"><span class="fc3 sc0">+</span><span class="blank _46"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m1 xa3 h3c yf7 ff31 fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb2"><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="blank _47"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span></div><div class="t m1 xf h3c yea ff31 fs16 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span></div><div class="t m1 x18 h3b yf8 ff31 fs15 fc0 sc0 ls4a"><span class="fc3 sc0">Dh</span></div><div class="t m1 xa4 h3b yf9 ff31 fs15 fc0 sc0 ls4a"><span class="fc3 sc0">Dh</span></div><div class="t m0 xa5 h38 yfa ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 ls3d ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="lsd v7"><span class="fc3 sc0">0.0 </span><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2013</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _48"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">> 10</span><span class="fs17 v8"><span class="fc3 sc0">4</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4b h38 yfb ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">J</span><span class="fc3 sc0">one</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> y</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7b h38 yfc ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">L</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ung </span></div><div class="t m0 x2a h38 yfd ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">(1981)</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m6 x17 h40 yfe ff32 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">8</span><span class="blank _49"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="blank _49"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="blank _4a"></span><span class="ls4b wsb5"><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">¨</span><span class="blank _4b"></span><span class="ls4c wsb6"><span class="fc3 sc0">lo</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">g</span><span class="blank _4c"></span><span class="lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m6 x1c h40 yff ff32 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span></div><div class="t m6 xa2 h41 y100 ff32 fs19 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb7"><span class="fc3 sc0">10</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff33 fs18 wsb4 va"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span><span class="blank _4d"></span><span class="ff34 ls3e"><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span><span class="ff35 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m6 x83 h40 y101 ff35 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span></div><div class="t m0 xa3 h38 y102 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m7 x9b h40 y103 ff36 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _46"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m7 xa6 h40 y104 ff36 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _4e"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _46"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m7 x9f h42 y105 ff36 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls4d wsb8"><span class="fc3 sc0">Dh</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff37 fs18 ls4c wsb6 vb"><span class="fc3 sc0">ln</span><span class="blank _4f"></span><span class="lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span><span class="blank _50"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="blank _51"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">(</span></span></span></div><div class="t m7 xa7 h40 y104 ff37 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span><span class="blank _52"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="blank _51"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">(</span><span class="blank _42"></span><span class="ls4c wsb6"><span class="fc3 sc0">ln</span><span class="blank _53"></span><span class="lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span><span class="blank _52"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="blank _2b"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">(</span></span></span></div><div class="t m7 xe h40 y106 ff37 fs18 fc0 sc0 ls4e wsb9"><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="blank _54"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">¨</span><span class="blank _55"> </span><span class="fs19 lsd vc"><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span></span></div><div class="t m7 xa3 h42 y107 ff37 fs19 fc0 sc0 lsd wsba"><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span><span class="blank _56"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span></div><div class="t m7 xa4 h43 y103 ff38 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></div><div class="t m7 xa8 h43 y104 ff38 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span><span class="blank _47"></span><span class="ff39"><span class="fc3 sc0">+</span></span></div><div class="t m7 xa9 h43 y106 ff39 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 h38 y108 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xaa h44 yfc ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">0.0 </span><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2013</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _57"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">10</span><span class="fs17 ls3f v8"><span class="fc3 sc0">4</span></span><span class="wsb0"><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">10</span></span><span class="fs17 v8"><span class="fc3 sc0">6</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xab h38 y109 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">G</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ni</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ki</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4e h38 y10a ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 ls40"><span class="fc3 sc0">V</span><span class="ls4f ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">. (2009)</span><span class="lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m8 x18 h40 y10b ff3a fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="blank _49"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="blank _49"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="blank _58"></span><span class="ls4e wsbb"><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">¨</span><span class="blank _4b"></span><span class="ls50 wsbc"><span class="fc3 sc0">lo</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">g</span><span class="blank _35"></span><span class="lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">8</span><span class="blank _49"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="blank _49"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m8 xac h40 y10c ff3a fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span></div><div class="t m8 xad h45 y10d ff3a fs19 fc0 sc0 ls51 wsbd"><span class="fc3 sc0">10</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff3b fs18 lsd wsb4 va"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span><span class="blank _59"></span><span class="ff3c"><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span></span></span></div><div class="t m8 x8c h40 y10e ff3d fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span></div><div class="t m0 x42 h38 y10f ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m7 xa8 h40 y110 ff3e fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _46"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m7 xa6 h40 y111 ff3e fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _4e"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _46"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m7 x9f h42 y112 ff3e fs19 fc0 sc0 ls4d wsb8"><span class="fc3 sc0">Dh</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff3f fs18 ls4c wsb6 vb"><span class="fc3 sc0">ln</span><span class="blank _4f"></span><span class="lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span><span class="blank _50"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="blank _51"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">(</span></span></span></div><div class="t m7 xa7 h40 y111 ff3f fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span><span class="blank _52"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="blank _51"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">(</span><span class="blank _42"></span><span class="ls4c wsb6"><span class="fc3 sc0">ln</span><span class="blank _53"></span><span class="lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span><span class="blank _52"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="blank _2b"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">(</span></span></span></div><div class="t m7 xe h40 y113 ff3f fs18 fc0 sc0 ls4e wsb9"><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="blank _54"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">¨</span><span class="blank _55"> </span><span class="fs19 lsd vc"><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span></span></div><div class="t m7 xa3 h42 y114 ff3f fs19 fc0 sc0 lsd wsba"><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span><span class="blank _56"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span></div><div class="t m7 xa4 h43 y110 ff40 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></div><div class="t m7 xa8 h43 y111 ff40 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd wsb4"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span><span class="blank _47"></span><span class="ff41"><span class="fc3 sc0">+</span></span></div><div class="t m7 xa9 h43 y113 ff41 fs18 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 h38 y115 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xae h38 y109 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">N</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span></div><div class="t m0 xaf h38 y10a ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">do</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3d h38 y109 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">N</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span></div><div class="t m0 x96 h38 y10a ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">do</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xab h38 y116 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">us</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> H</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x2a h38 y117 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">(1914)</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m5 xb0 h46 y118 ff42 fs1a fc0 sc0 ls52 wsbe"><span class="fc3 sc0">25</span><span class="blank _5a"></span><span class="lsd wsbf"><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="blank _5b"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span></span></div><div class="t m5 xb1 h47 y119 ff42 fs1b fc0 sc0 ls53 wsc0"><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="blank _5c"></span><span class="ls54 wsc1"><span class="fc3 sc0">31</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">6</span><span class="fc3 sc0">4</span><span class="blank _33"></span><span class="lsd wsc2"><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="blank _5a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff43 fs1a vd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m5 xb2 h48 y119 ff44 fs1b fc0 sc0 ls41"><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span><span class="ff45 fs1a ls55 v4"><span class="fc3 sc0">Dh</span></span></div><div class="t m5 xb3 h49 y119 ff45 fs1b fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span></div><div class="t m0 x9b h4a y11a ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 ls42 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="lsd ve"><span class="fc3 sc0">N</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xaf h38 y117 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">do</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3d h38 y116 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">N</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span></div><div class="t m0 x96 h38 y117 ff29 fs14 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">do</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y11b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsc3">Fig.<span class="blank _1b"> </span>1.<span class="blank _1e"> </span>Esquema<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>instalaci<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xac hc y11b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsc4">on<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>elementos<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>componen.<span class="blank _1b"> </span>(1)<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>ubo<span class="blank"> </span>exterior<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>acr</div><div class="t m0 x60 hc y11c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x60 hc y11b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsc4">\u0131lico.<span class="blank _1b"> </span>(2)<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>ubo</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y11d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2e">interior<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>cobre.<span class="blank _14"> </span>(3)<span class="blank"> </span>Bomba<span class="blank"> </span>sumergible.<span class="blank _14"> </span>(4)<span class="blank"> </span>Aguja<span class="blank"> </span>inyectora.<span class="blank _12"> </span>(5)<span class="blank"> </span>Dep<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa5 h14 y11d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2e">osito<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tinta.<span class="blank _14"> </span>(6)<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb4 h14 y11d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsc5">alvulas.<span class="blank _14"> </span>(7)<span class="blank _c"> </span>Man<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x34 hc y11d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">ometro</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y11e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsc6">diferencial.<span class="blank _c"> </span>(8)<span class="blank _e"> </span>Fluj<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x79 ha y11e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">ometro<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Coriolis.<span class="blank _c"> </span>(9)<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>erm<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x48 hc y11e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">ometros.<span class="blank _c"> </span>(10)<span class="blank"> </span>Elementos<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>soporte.</div><div class="t m0 x0 h4b y11f ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsd ws0">2<span class="blank _1a"> </span>Materiales<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb5 h13 y11f ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsd">etodos</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y120 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsc7">La<span class="blank _18"> </span>instalaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x74 ha y120 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsc8">on<span class="blank _18"> </span>dise<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">\u02dc</span></div><div class="t m0 x79 hc y120 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws47">nada<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>empleada<span class="blank"> </span>exprofeso<span class="blank"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y121 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsc9">este<span class="blank _13"> </span>\ufb01n<span class="blank _13"> </span>permiti<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x92 ha y121 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsca">o<span class="blank"> </span>desarrollar<span class="blank"> </span>ensayos<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa4 hc y121 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsca">on<span class="blank"> </span>y</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y122 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wscb">de<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x52 hc y123 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x52 ha y122 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wscb">\u0131da<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>presi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x73 hc y122 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wscb">on<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank _12"> </span>El<span class="blank"> </span>empleo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y124 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wscc">inyecci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x7b ha y124 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wscd">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tinta,<span class="blank"> </span>como<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb6 ha y124 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsce">etodo<span class="blank _c"> </span>de<span class="blank _c"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xad hc y124 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wscf">on,<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y125 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd0">acuerdo<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>Ji<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws93">y<span class="blank"> </span>col</span><span class="wsd1">.<span class="blank _16"> </span>(2009),<span class="blank _c"> </span>complement<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb7 h14 y125 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd2">o<span class="blank _c"> </span>el<span class="blank _e"> </span>an<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb8 hc y125 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">alisis</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y126 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd3">del<span class="blank _5d"> </span>comportamiento<span class="blank _5d"> </span>hidrodin<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb9 hc y126 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd4">amico<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>sistema<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y127 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd5">\ufb02ujo.<span class="blank _1e"> </span>Por<span class="blank"> </span>medio<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>observ<span class="blank _a"></span>aci<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xac hc y127 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd5">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02uido<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y128 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd6">medici<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2a ha y128 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd7">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo,<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>obtuvo<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>interv<span class="blank _a"></span>alo<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xad hc y128 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">umero</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y129 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd8">de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds,<span class="blank"> </span>donde<span class="blank"> </span>aparecen<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>difusi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb2 ha y129 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd8">on<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>v<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xba hc y129 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">ortices</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y12a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">caracter</div><div class="t m0 x2d hc y12b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x2d hc y12a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd9">\u0131sticos<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>turbulencia<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>sistema<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo.</div><div class="t m0 x2e ha y12c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsda">El<span class="blank"> </span>sistema<span class="blank"> </span>experimental<span class="blank"> </span>est<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa9 hc y12c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsda">a<span class="blank"> </span>compuesto<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>un</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y12d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws47">conducto<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _1e"> </span>semejante<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>intercambiador<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y12e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4a">calor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>(doble<span class="blank"> </span>tubo).<span class="blank _5e"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _5e"> </span>(1)</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y12f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdb">muestra<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>esquema<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>instalaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb hc y12f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdb">on<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>distintos</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y130 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">elementos<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>componen.</div><div class="t m0 x2e hc y131 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdc">El<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>exterior<span class="blank"> </span>(1)<span class="blank"> </span>es<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>acr</div><div class="t m0 xbb hc y132 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xbb hc y131 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdc">\u0131lico<span class="blank"> </span>transparente</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y133 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdd">de<span class="blank"> </span>61.6<span class="blank"> </span>mm<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xbc hc y133 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdd">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>interior<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls43 vf">i</span></span>)<span class="blank"> </span>dispuesto</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y134 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsde">horizontalmente,<span class="blank _19"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>cual<span class="blank"> </span>est<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y134 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdf">a<span class="blank"> </span>ubicado<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>manera</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y135 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse0">conc<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xab ha y135 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse1">entrica<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>cobre<span class="blank"> </span>(2)<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x9e hc y135 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse1">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>exterior</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y136 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls26">(<span class="ff8 lsd ws8">d<span class="fs8 ls44 vf">e</span></span><span class="lsd wse2">)<span class="blank"> </span>igual<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>21.3<span class="blank"> </span>mm.<span class="blank _5e"> </span>El<span class="blank"> </span>agua,<span class="blank _1e"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>es<span class="blank"> </span>empleada</span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y137 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse3">como<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02uido<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>trabajo,<span class="blank"> </span>es<span class="blank"> </span>impulsada<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>bomba</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y138 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse4">sumergible<span class="blank"> </span>(3),<span class="blank"> </span>siendo<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>caudal<span class="blank"> </span>regulado<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>medio</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y139 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse5">de<span class="blank"> </span>dos<span class="blank"> </span>v<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa ha y139 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse5">alvulas<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>aguja<span class="blank"> </span>(6).<span class="blank _c"> </span>Para<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>determinaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x48 hc y139 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse5">on<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y13a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws55">la<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x4a hc y13b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x4a ha y13a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse6">\u0131da<span class="blank _e"> </span>de<span class="blank _e"> </span>presi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x16 ha y13a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse7">on<span class="blank _e"> </span>se<span class="blank _e"> </span>ubic<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xbd ha y13a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse8">o<span class="blank _e"> </span>un<span class="blank _e"> </span>man<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xbe hc y13a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws55">ometro<span class="blank"> </span>diferencial</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y13c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse9">de<span class="blank"> </span>columna<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank _a"></span>vertida<span class="blank"> </span>(7)<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>entrada<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>salida</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2e">del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo.<span class="blank _14"> </span>El<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>mide<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>medio<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02uj<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x65 hc y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">ometro</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsea">de<span class="blank"> </span>Coriolis<span class="blank"> </span>(8),<span class="blank _18"> </span>siendo<span class="blank"> </span>su<span class="blank"> </span>temperatura<span class="blank"> </span>obtenida<span class="blank"> </span>por</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wseb">term<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4a hc y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsec">ometros<span class="blank"> </span>(9)<span class="blank"> </span>ubicados<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>entrada<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>salida<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="c x33 y13f w11 h4c"><div class="t m0 xbf h4d y140 ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 xc0 h4d y141 ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x33 y13f w11 h4c"><div class="t m0 x9f h4e y142 ff47 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc1 h4e y143 ff47 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xbf h4d y144 ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oport</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">us</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dos</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ne</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">onc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">é</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xbf h4d y145 ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ubo i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rno e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o. </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc1 h4d y146 ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc1 h4d y147 ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc1 h4d y148 ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9e h4d y149 ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc2 h4d y14a ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 3</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. D</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nye</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xbf h4d y14b ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xbf h4d y14c ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xbf h4d y14d ff46 fs1c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y14e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsed">Fig.<span class="blank _17"> </span>2.<span class="blank _17"> </span>Representaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xae hc y14e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsee">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>elementos<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>soporte</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y14f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsef">usados<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>mantener<span class="blank"> </span>conc<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc3 hc y14f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsef">entrico<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>interno<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y150 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y151 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">anulo.</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y152 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">la<span class="blank"> </span>zona<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>ensayos<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x58 hc y152 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on.</div><div class="t m0 x3b ha y153 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf0">Para<span class="blank"> </span>garantizar<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>ubicaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc4 ha y153 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf1">on<span class="blank _12"> </span>conc<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x36 hc y153 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf0">entrica<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y154 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf2">interior<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>evitar<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>deformaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc5 hc y154 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf2">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>espacio<span class="blank"> </span>anular</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y155 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws84">se<span class="blank"> </span>ubicaron<span class="blank"> </span>elementos<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>soporte<span class="blank"> </span>(elemento<span class="blank"> </span>10<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y156 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf3">Figura<span class="blank"> </span>1)<span class="blank"> </span>como<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>mostrado<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _5f"> </span>(2).<span class="blank _5f"> </span>Estos</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y157 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf4">elementos<span class="blank"> </span>ocupan<span class="blank"> </span>solo<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>3.5%<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank _c"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc6 hc y157 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf5">area<span class="blank"> </span>transversal<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y158 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank _c"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc7 hc y158 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">anulo.</div><div class="t m0 x3b ha y159 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf6">La<span class="blank _23"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc8 hc y159 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf7">on<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>realiza<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>medio<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y15a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wscc">inyecci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc9 hc y15a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf8">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tinta<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>seno<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>medio<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>una</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y15b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6a">aguja<span class="blank"> </span>(4),<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>ubica<span class="blank"> </span>paralela<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>l</div><div class="t m0 x96 hc y15c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x96 hc y15b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6a">\u0131neas<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo,<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y15d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsca">manera<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>ofrece<span class="blank"> </span>menor<span class="blank"> </span>resistencia<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>perturbaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xca hc y15d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsca">on<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y15e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws35">el<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02uido.<span class="blank _1b"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>tinta<span class="blank"> </span>circula<span class="blank"> </span>desde<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>dep<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xcb hc y15e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws35">osito<span class="blank"> </span>elev<span class="blank _a"></span>ado</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y15f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf9">(5),<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>cual<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>ha<span class="blank"> </span>regulado<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>altura<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>disminuir</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y160 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsfa">las<span class="blank"> </span>perturbaciones<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>puede<span class="blank"> </span>prov<span class="blank _a"></span>ocar<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>ingresar<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y161 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">corriente<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo.</div><div class="t m0 x3b h14 y162 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsfb">Para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>empleo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank _a"></span>yecci<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc6 hc y162 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsfb">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tinta<span class="blank"> </span>como</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls45">m<span class="lsd v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x42 ha y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsfc">etodo<span class="blank _13"> </span>de<span class="blank _13"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xae hc y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsfd">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>tuvieron<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>cuenta</div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y64 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsfe">www<span class="blank _a"></span>.rmiq.or<span class="blank _a"></span>g<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1">151</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y163 w12 h4f" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f276d114-c5d8-4ddb-a786-531bab0dbb72/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 xa hc y67 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Imbert-Gonz<span class="blank _8"> </span>´<span class="blank _21"></span>alez<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>col.<span class="ffb ls24">/</span><span class="ff1">Revista<span class="blank"> </span>Me<span class="blank _a"></span>xicana<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ws8">I</span>ngenier</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws51">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ls25">Q</span>u</div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131mica<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>ol.<span class="blank"> </span>15,<span class="blank"> </span>No.<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>(2016)<span class="blank"> </span>149-159</div><div class="c x0 y164 w13 h50"><div class="t m0 xcc h51 y165 ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x3b h51 y166 ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x0 y164 w13 h50"><div class="t m0 xbe h52 y167 ff49 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x89 h52 y168 ff49 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xcc h51 y169 ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oport</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">us</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dos</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ne</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">onc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">é</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xcc h51 y16a ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ubo i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rno e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o. </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x89 h51 y16b ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x89 h51 y16c ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x89 h51 y16d ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xbe h51 y16e ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h51 y16f ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 3</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. D</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nye</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xcc h51 y170 ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xcc h51 y171 ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xcc h51 y172 ff48 fs1d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y173 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsff">Fig.<span class="blank _15"> </span>3.<span class="blank _15"> </span>Detalle<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>inyecci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xcd hc y173 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsff">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tinta<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>espacio</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y174 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">anular<span class="blank _a"></span>.</div><div class="c x0 y175 w14 h53"><div class="t m0 xce h54 y176 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 xcf h54 y177 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">3</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x0 y175 w14 h53"><div class="t m0 x90 h54 y178 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h54 y179 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 4</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">he</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n un e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r y l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> ge</span><span class="fc3 sc0">om</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rí</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> que</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd0 h54 y17a ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">z</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h54 y17b ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xce h54 y17c ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xce h54 y17d ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 2. G</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">om</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rí</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ya</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8c h54 y17e ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8c h54 y17f ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8c h54 y180 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8c h54 y181 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8c h54 y182 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8c h54 y183 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8c h54 y184 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8c h54 y185 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xce h54 y186 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xce h54 y187 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xce h54 y188 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x8d h55 y189 ff4b fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Es</span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">al</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _60"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">áme</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tr</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x52 h55 y18a ff4b fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o, </span><span class="ff4c ws100"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(mm)</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x79 h55 y189 ff4b fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">P</span><span class="fc3 sc0">as</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o, </span><span class="ff4c ws100"><span class="fc3 sc0">P</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd1 h55 y18a ff4b fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">(mm)</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb9 h55 y189 ff4b fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gu</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a </span></div><div class="t m0 xd2 h55 y18b ff4b fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">al</span><span class="fc3 sc0">, </span></div><div class="t m9 x1 h56 y18b ff4d fs1f fc0 sc1 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u03b8</span></div><div class="t m0 x49 h57 y18b ff4c fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="ff4b"><span class="fc3 sc0">( </span><span class="fs20 ls56 va"><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd3 h55 y189 ff4b fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">R</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ac</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x46 h55 y18a ff4b fs1e fc0 sc0 ls57"><span class="fc3 sc0">(</span><span class="ff4c ls64 ws101"><span class="fc3 sc0">P/</span><span class="ls58"><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fs20 ls59 v5"><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span></span></span></span><span class="lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x84 h54 y18c ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">I</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _61"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.5 </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _62"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">20.15</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _63"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">64</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.7</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _64"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x84 h54 y18d ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">II</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _65"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.5 </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _62"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">40.30</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _63"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">46.2</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _64"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x84 h54 y18e ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">III</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _66"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.5 </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _62"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">60.45</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _63"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">27.9</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _64"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x84 h54 y18f ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">IV</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _67"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.0 </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _62"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">20.15</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _63"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">64.7</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _64"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x84 h54 y190 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">V</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _68"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.0 </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _62"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">40.30</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _63"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">46.2</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _64"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x84 h54 y191 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 ls65 ws102"><span class="fc3 sc0">VI</span><span class="lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _67"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.0 </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _62"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">60.45</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _63"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">27.9</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _64"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x84 h54 y192 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">V</span><span class="fc3 sc0">II</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _69"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6a"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">20.15</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _63"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">64.7</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _64"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x84 h54 y193 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">V</span><span class="fc3 sc0">III</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6a"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">40.30</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _63"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">46.2</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _64"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x84 h54 y194 ff4a fs1e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">IX</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _67"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6a"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">60.45</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _63"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">27.9</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _64"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y195 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws103">Fig.<span class="blank _c"> </span>4.<span class="blank _12"> </span>Espirales<span class="blank"> </span>helicoidales<span class="blank"> </span>insertadas<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>espacio</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y196 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws104">anular<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>geometr</div><div class="t m0 x79 hc y197 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x79 ha y196 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws104">\u0131as<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>caracterizan<span class="blank"> </span>esta<span class="blank"> </span>inserci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xd4 hc y196 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y198 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws105">los<span class="blank"> </span>aspectos<span class="blank"> </span>expuestos<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>W<span class="blank _d"></span>olfgang<span class="blank"> </span>M.<span class="blank"> </span>(1987),<span class="blank"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y199 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws106">permiten<span class="blank"> </span>reducir<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>perturbaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x50 ha y199 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws106">on<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo.<span class="blank _c"> </span>Se<span class="blank"> </span>emple<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xd5 hc y199 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">o</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y19a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws107">como<span class="blank"> </span>inyector<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>aguja<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>0.5<span class="blank"> </span>mm<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb7 hc y19a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws44">ametro,<span class="blank"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y19b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws108">representa<span class="blank _14"> </span>una<span class="blank _14"> </span>reducci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xd6 hc y19b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws109">on<span class="blank"> </span>m</div><div class="t m0 xb5 hc y19c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xb5 ha y19b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws109">\u0131nima<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank _19"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xd7 hc y19b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws109">area<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y19d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws10a">(0.04%).<span class="blank _c"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>densidad<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>tinta<span class="blank"> </span>empleada<span class="blank"> </span>solo<span class="blank"> </span>di\ufb01ere</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y19e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws10b">en<span class="blank"> </span>0.05%<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>densidad<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>agua<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>temperatura<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y19f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2e">trabajo<span class="blank"> </span>(27ºC).<span class="blank"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>altura<span class="blank"> </span>piezom<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa9 ha y19f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws10c">etrica<span class="blank _e"> </span>del<span class="blank _c"> </span>dep<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x55 hc y19f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2e">osito<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y1a0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws10d">la<span class="blank"> </span>tinta,<span class="blank _16"> </span>fue<span class="blank"> </span>determinada<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>experimentos<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>ajuste</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y1a1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws44">para<span class="blank"> </span>cada<span class="blank"> </span>niv<span class="blank _a"></span>el<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo,<span class="blank _c"> </span>regulando<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>salida<span class="blank"> </span>mediante</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y1a2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws10e">una<span class="blank _e"> </span>v<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x52 hc y1a2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">alvula.</div><div class="t m0 x2e ha y1a3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws10f">La<span class="blank _19"> </span>secci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x47 ha y1a3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws110">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>ensayos<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xd8 ha y1a3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws110">on<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>sit<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y1a3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">ua</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y1a4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws111">a<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>distancia<span class="blank"> </span>25<span class="blank"> </span>veces<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb3 h14 y1a4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws112">ametro<span class="blank _17"> </span>hidr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xad hc y1a4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">aulico</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y1a5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws113">desde<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>entrada<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>secci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x9d hc y1a5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws113">on<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>,</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y1a6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws114">para<span class="blank"> </span>asegurar<span class="blank"> </span>condiciones<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>completamente</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y1a7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws115">desarrollado.<span class="blank _6c"> </span>Para<span class="blank _18"> </span>la<span class="blank _18"> </span>ubicaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x85 ha y1a7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws116">on<span class="blank _18"> </span>conc<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1a7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws117">entrica<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y1a8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws118">tubos<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>construyeron<span class="blank"> </span>estructuras<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>soporte<span class="blank"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y1a9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws119">evitan<span class="blank _13"> </span>la<span class="blank _e"> </span>\ufb02exi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1b ha y1a9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdb">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>interior<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank _c"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>incorporaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x48 hc y1a9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11a">on<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y1aa ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11b">la<span class="blank"> </span>tinta<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>realiza<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>punto<span class="blank"> </span>geom<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb3 hc y1aa ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11b">etrico<span class="blank"> </span>central<span class="blank"> </span>entre</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y1ab ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11c">la<span class="blank"> </span>pared<span class="blank"> </span>externa<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>interior<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>pared<span class="blank"> </span>interna</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y1ac ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11d">del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>exterior<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _18"> </span>ver<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _1c"> </span>(3),<span class="blank _15"> </span>donde<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>velocidad</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y1ad ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11e">del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>es<span class="blank"> </span>cercana<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>velocidad<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y1ad ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11e">axima<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujos</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y1ae ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">turbulentos<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>laminares.</div><div class="t m0 x2e ha y1af ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11f">Como<span class="blank"> </span>complemento<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>empleo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>esta<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x65 hc y1af ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">ecnica,</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y1b0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws120">se<span class="blank"> </span>utiliza<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x54 h14 y1b0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws121">amara<span class="blank _19"> </span>fotogr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xd9 hc y1b0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws120">a\ufb01ca<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>alta<span class="blank"> </span>velocidad,</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y1b1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws122">con<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>objeti<span class="blank _1"></span>vo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>realizar<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>captura<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>im<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x9d hc y1b1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws122">agenes<span class="blank"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y1b2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws123">sirvan<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>soporte<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>resultados.<span class="blank _c"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>geometr</div><div class="t m0 xda hc y1b3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xda hc y1b2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws123">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y1b4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws124">elementos<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>caracterizan<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>inserci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xbb hc y1b4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws124">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y1b5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>espacio<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>puede<span class="blank"> </span>observar<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _c"> </span>(4).</div><div class="t m0 x2e ha y1b6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws125">La<span class="blank _c"> </span>t<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2d hc y1b6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws126">ecnica<span class="blank"> </span>experimental<span class="blank"> </span>empleada<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>ensayos</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws127">de<span class="blank _1e"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x21 ha y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws128">on<span class="blank _1e"> </span>se<span class="blank _15"> </span>bas<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x22 hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws69">o<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>tomar<span class="blank"> </span>fotograf</div><div class="t m0 xdb hc y1b7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xdb hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws69">\u0131as<span class="blank"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws129">corresponden<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>cada<span class="blank"> </span>ni<span class="blank _1"></span>vel<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo,<span class="blank _19"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>cual<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>le<span class="blank"> </span>ha</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y6b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12a">realizado<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>inyecci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xdc hc y6b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12a">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tinta.<span class="blank _12"> </span>En<span class="blank"> </span>estos<span class="blank"> </span>experimentos</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12b">se<span class="blank"> </span>establece<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>incremento<span class="blank"> </span>paulatino<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>anular</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12c">de<span class="blank"> </span>agua,<span class="blank _17"> </span>hasta<span class="blank"> </span>determinar<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>valor<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12d">el<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>tinta<span class="blank"> </span>inyectada<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>corriente<span class="blank"> </span>pierde<span class="blank"> </span>su</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5d">estabilidad<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>paralelismo,<span class="blank _1b"> </span>comenzando<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>proceso</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12e">desordenado<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>remolinos<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>difusi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12e">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>tinta<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y71 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12f">el<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>agua,<span class="blank _5d"> </span>t</div><div class="t m0 x40 hc y1b8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xdd ha y71 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12f">\u0131pico<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x24 hc y71 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12f">egimen<span class="blank"> </span>turbulento.</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdf">Los<span class="blank"> </span>valores<span class="blank"> </span>obtenidos<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank _14"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>cr</div><div class="t m0 xde hc y1b9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xde hc y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdf">\u0131tico<span class="blank"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y73 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws130">espacios<span class="blank"> </span>anulares<span class="blank"> </span>lisos,<span class="blank _15"> </span>fueron<span class="blank"> </span>comparados<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>los</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y74 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws131">deriv<span class="blank _a"></span>ados<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>incorporaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3f hc y74 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws131">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y75 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws132">el<span class="blank"> </span>espacio<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _15"> </span>determinando<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>\u201cadelanto\u201d<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y76 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws133">turbulencia<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>pro<span class="blank _a"></span>vocan<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>insertadas<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws134">esta<span class="blank _e"> </span>con\ufb01guraci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xaf hc y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on.</div><div class="t m0 x3b ha y1ba ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws135">En<span class="blank _e"> </span>la<span class="blank _e"> </span>instalaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xaa hc y1ba ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws136">on<span class="blank"> </span>experimental<span class="blank"> </span>mostrada<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y1bb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws137">(1)<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>llev<span class="blank _a"></span>aron<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>cabo<span class="blank"> </span>ensayos<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>determinaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5d hc y1bb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1bc ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws138">de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x26 hc y1bd ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xdf ha y1bc ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws138">\u0131da<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>presi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe0 hc y1bc ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws138">on.<span class="blank _5f"> </span>Estos<span class="blank"> </span>ensayos<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>basan<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y1be ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws110">determinar<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>diferencia<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>presi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x44 hc y1be ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws110">on<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>entrada</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1bf ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws139">y<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>salida<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>circula<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>espacio</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y1c0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws13a">anular<span class="blank _15"> </span>recto.<span class="blank _5e"> </span>La<span class="blank _18"> </span>medici<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe1 hc y1c0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws4a">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x60 hc y1c1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x60 ha y1c0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws13b">\u0131da<span class="blank _15"> </span>de<span class="blank _18"> </span>presi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5d hc y1c0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y1c2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws13c">en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>sistema<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>desarroll<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x43 hc y1c2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws13c">o<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>partir<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>niv<span class="blank _a"></span>el<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1c3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws67">\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>garantiza<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>presencia<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>turbulento</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1c4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws96">en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>sistema.<span class="blank _6c"> </span>Se<span class="blank"> </span>efectuaron<span class="blank"> </span>mediciones<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x38 hc y1c5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x38 hc y1c4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">\u0131da</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y1c6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws13d">de<span class="blank _17"> </span>presi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3e hc y1c6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws13e">on<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>cinco<span class="blank"> </span>valores<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1c7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5b">cada<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>insertadas.<span class="blank _6d"> </span>Los<span class="blank"> </span>datos</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1c8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws13f">experimentales<span class="blank"> </span>obtenidos<span class="blank"> </span>permiten<span class="blank"> </span>complementar<span class="blank"> </span>el</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y1c9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws140">an<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x42 h14 y1c9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws141">alisis<span class="blank _19"> </span>hidrodin<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x97 hc y1c9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws142">amico<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo.<span class="blank _1d"> </span>En<span class="blank"> </span>estos<span class="blank"> </span>ensayos</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1ca ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws143">experimentales<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>propiedades<span class="blank"> </span>f</div><div class="t m0 x44 hc y1cb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x44 hc y1ca ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws143">\u0131sicas<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02uido<span class="blank"> </span>se</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1cc ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wse3">tomaron<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>temperatura<span class="blank"> </span>media,<span class="blank"> </span>siendo<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>diferencia</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1cd ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws144">de<span class="blank"> </span>temperatura<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>entrada<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>salida<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1ce ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws145">menor<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>0.5ºC,<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>lo<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>no<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>considera<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>in\ufb02uencia</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y1cf ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws146">de<span class="blank _18"> </span>la<span class="blank _18"> </span>variaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe2 hc y1cf ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws147">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>propiedades<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>agua<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>los</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1d0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">resultados<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>ensayos<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales.</div><div class="t m0 x33 h58 y1d1 ff8 fs6 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6">2.1<span class="blank _1f"> </span>C<span class="blank _b"> </span>´<span class="blank _6e"></span>alculo<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _b"> </span>´<span class="blank _6e"></span>on</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1d2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws148">La<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x39 hc y1d3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xe3 ha y1d2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws148">\u0131da<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>presi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe4 ha y1d2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws148">on<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff4e ls5a">\ue621</span><span class="ff8 ws8">p</span><span class="ws149">)<span class="blank _12"> </span>es<span class="blank _14"> </span>funci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x24 hc y1d2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws148">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>velocidad</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y1d4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws129">del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ls5b">V</span><span class="ws14a">),<span class="blank _19"> </span>el<span class="blank _16"> </span>di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc3 ha y1d4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14b">ametro<span class="blank _16"> </span>hidr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x60 hc y1d4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14c">aulico<span class="blank _16"> </span>(<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span><span class="ws14d">),<span class="blank"> </span>la</span></div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y1d5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14e">longitud<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>determina<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>medici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xcb hc y1d5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14e">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x38 hc y1d6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x38 hc y1d5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">\u0131da</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y1d7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14f">de<span class="blank _12"> </span>presi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x26 hc y1d7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws150">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ls5c">L</span><span class="ws42">),<span class="blank _14"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>propiedades<span class="blank"> </span>f</span></div><div class="t m0 x5f hc y1d8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x5f hc y1d7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws150">\u0131sicas<span class="blank"> </span>del</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y1d9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws56">\ufb02uido:<span class="blank _17"> </span>densidad<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff4f ws8">\u21e2</span>)<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>viscosidad<span class="blank"> </span>din<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5b hc y1d9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws56">amica<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff50 ls5d">µ</span><span class="ws151">).<span class="blank"> </span>El</span></div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y1da ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws152">factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y1da ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws152">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Darcy-W<span class="blank _d"></span>eisbach<span class="blank"> </span>determinado<span class="blank"> </span>a</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y1db ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws153">partir<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales<span class="blank"> </span>viene<span class="blank"> </span>dado<span class="blank"> </span>por:</div><div class="t m0 xe5 h59 y1dc ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls5e">f<span class="ffb ls5f">=<span class="ff1 ls60 vd">2</span></span><span class="ls25 vd">D</span><span class="fs8 ls8 v10">h</span><span class="ff4e ls5a vd">\ue621</span><span class="lsd vd">p</span></div><div class="t m0 xe1 h5a y1dd ff4f fs7 fc0 sc0 ls61">\u21e2<span class="ff8 ls66 ws154">LV<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1 fs8 ls62 v11">2</span><span class="ff1 lsd v12">(1)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y1de ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws155">El<span class="blank _c"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5e ha y1de ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws156">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _a"></span>valu<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x58 hc y1de ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws156">o<span class="blank"> </span>teniendo<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>cuenta</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y1df ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws157">el<span class="blank _e"> </span>di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa7 ha y1df ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws158">ametro<span class="blank _e"> </span>hidr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xaf ha y1df ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws159">aulico<span class="blank _e"> </span>seg<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x63 hc y1df ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">un<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>forma:</div><div class="t m0 xe0 h5b y1e0 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws15a">Re<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ffb ls5f">=</span><span class="ff4f ws8 vd">\u21e2</span><span class="ls67 vd">VD</span></div><div class="t m0 xe6 h5c y1e1 ff8 fs8 fc0 sc0 lsd">h</div><div class="t m0 xe7 h5d y1e2 ff50 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls63">µ<span class="ff1 lsd vd">(2)</span></div><div class="t m0 x75 hc y64 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsae">152<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws8">www<span class="blank _a"></span>.rmiq.or<span class="blank _a"></span>g</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x4e y1e3 w15 h5e" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f276d114-c5d8-4ddb-a786-531bab0dbb72/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x51 hc y67 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Imbert-Gonz<span class="blank _8"> </span>´<span class="blank _21"></span>alez<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>col.<span class="ffb ls3c">/</span><span class="ff1">Revista<span class="blank"> </span>Me<span class="blank _a"></span>xicana<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ws8">I</span>ngenier</span></div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws51">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ls25">Q</span>u</div><div class="t m0 x3e hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x3e hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131mica<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>ol.<span class="blank"> </span>15,<span class="blank"> </span>No.<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>(2016)<span class="blank"> </span>149-159</div><div class="t m0 x83 hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">T<span class="blank _d"></span>abla<span class="blank"> </span>2.<span class="blank _12"> </span>Geometr</div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y1b7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131as<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>ensayadas.</div><div class="c x8e y1e4 w16 h5f"><div class="t m0 x8b h60 y1e5 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 xca h60 y1e6 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">3</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x8e y1e4 w16 h5f"><div class="t m0 xc9 h60 y1e7 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe8 h60 y1e8 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 4</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">he</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n un e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r y l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> ge</span><span class="fc3 sc0">om</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rí</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> que</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h60 y1e9 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">z</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xcd h60 y1ea ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8b h60 y1eb ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8b h60 y1ec ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 2. G</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">om</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rí</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ya</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3b h60 y1ed ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3b h60 y1ee ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3b h60 y1ef ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3b h60 y1f0 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3b h60 y1f1 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3b h60 y1f2 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3b h60 y1f3 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3b h60 y1f4 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8b h60 y1f5 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8b h60 y1f6 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8b h60 y1f7 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x8e y1f8 w17 h61"><div class="t m0 x82 h62 y1f9 ff52 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Espiral </div></div><div class="c x85 y1f8 w18 h61"><div class="t m0 x6f h62 y1f9 ff52 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Diámetro de </div><div class="t m0 x82 h62 y1fa ff52 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">hilo, <span class="ff53 ws15b">e</span> (mm) </div></div><div class="c x9c y1f8 w19 h61"><div class="t m0 x80 h62 y1f9 ff52 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Paso, <span class="ff53 ws15b">P</span> </div><div class="t m0 x95 h62 y1fa ff52 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">(mm) </div></div><div class="c x35 y1f8 w1a h61"><div class="t m0 x6f h62 y1f9 ff52 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Ángulo de la </div><div class="t m0 x69 h62 y1fb ff52 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">espiral, </div><div class="t ma xe9 h63 y1fb ff54 fs22 fc0 sc1 lsd">\u03b8</div><div class="t m0 x77 h64 y1fb ff53 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> <span class="ff52">( <span class="fs23 ls68 v6">0</span>) </span></div></div><div class="c xea y1f8 w1b h61"><div class="t m0 xeb h62 y1f9 ff52 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Relación </div><div class="t m0 x82 h62 y1fa ff52 fs21 fc0 sc0 ls69">(<span class="ff53 ls76 ws15c">P/<span class="ls6a">D<span class="fs23 ls6b v5">h</span></span></span><span class="lsd ws50">) </span></div></div><div class="c x8e y1fc w17 h65"><div class="t m0 x70 h60 y1fd ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">I </div></div><div class="c x85 y1fc w18 h65"><div class="t m0 xec h60 y1fd ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">0.5 </div></div><div class="c x9c y1fc w19 h65"><div class="t m0 x95 h60 y1fd ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">20.15 </div></div><div class="c x35 y1fc w1a h65"><div class="t m0 x8f h60 y1fd ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">64.7 </div></div><div class="c xea y1fc w1b h65"><div class="t m0 x7a h60 y1fd ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">0.5 </div></div><div class="c x8e y1fe w17 h66"><div class="t m0 x70 h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">II </div></div><div class="c x85 y1fe w18 h66"><div class="t m0 xec h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">0.5 </div></div><div class="c x9c y1fe w19 h66"><div class="t m0 x95 h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">40.30 </div></div><div class="c x35 y1fe w1a h66"><div class="t m0 x8f h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">46.2 </div></div><div class="c xea y1fe w1b h66"><div class="t m0 x7a h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1.0 </div></div><div class="c x8e y200 w17 h66"><div class="t m0 x70 h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">III </div></div><div class="c x85 y200 w18 h66"><div class="t m0 xec h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">0.5 </div></div><div class="c x9c y200 w19 h66"><div class="t m0 x95 h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">60.45 </div></div><div class="c x35 y200 w1a h66"><div class="t m0 x8f h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">27.9 </div></div><div class="c xea y200 w1b h66"><div class="t m0 x7a h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">2.0 </div></div><div class="c x8e y201 w17 h66"><div class="t m0 x70 h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">IV </div></div><div class="c x85 y201 w18 h66"><div class="t m0 xec h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1.0 </div></div><div class="c x9c y201 w19 h66"><div class="t m0 x95 h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">20.15 </div></div><div class="c x35 y201 w1a h66"><div class="t m0 x8f h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">64.7 </div></div><div class="c xea y201 w1b h66"><div class="t m0 x7a h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">0.5 </div></div><div class="c x8e y203 w17 h66"><div class="t m0 x70 h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">V </div></div><div class="c x85 y203 w18 h66"><div class="t m0 xec h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1.0 </div></div><div class="c x9c y203 w19 h66"><div class="t m0 x95 h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">40.30 </div></div><div class="c x35 y203 w1a h66"><div class="t m0 x8f h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">46.2 </div></div><div class="c xea y203 w1b h66"><div class="t m0 x7a h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1.0 </div></div><div class="c x8e y204 w17 h66"><div class="t m0 x70 h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 ls77 ws15d">VI<span class="lsd ws50"> </span></div></div><div class="c x85 y204 w18 h66"><div class="t m0 xec h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1.0 </div></div><div class="c x9c y204 w19 h66"><div class="t m0 x95 h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">60.45 </div></div><div class="c x35 y204 w1a h66"><div class="t m0 x8f h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">27.9 </div></div><div class="c xea y204 w1b h66"><div class="t m0 x7a h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">2.0 </div></div><div class="c x8e y205 w17 h66"><div class="t m0 x70 h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">VII </div></div><div class="c x85 y205 w18 h66"><div class="t m0 xec h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1.5 </div></div><div class="c x9c y205 w19 h66"><div class="t m0 x95 h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">20.15 </div></div><div class="c x35 y205 w1a h66"><div class="t m0 x8f h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">64.7 </div></div><div class="c xea y205 w1b h66"><div class="t m0 x7a h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">0.5 </div></div><div class="c x8e y206 w17 h66"><div class="t m0 x70 h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">VIII </div></div><div class="c x85 y206 w18 h66"><div class="t m0 xec h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1.5 </div></div><div class="c x9c y206 w19 h66"><div class="t m0 x95 h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">40.30 </div></div><div class="c x35 y206 w1a h66"><div class="t m0 x8f h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">46.2 </div></div><div class="c xea y206 w1b h66"><div class="t m0 x7a h60 y1ff ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1.0 </div></div><div class="c x8e y207 w17 h66"><div class="t m0 x70 h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">IX </div></div><div class="c x85 y207 w18 h66"><div class="t m0 xec h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1.5 </div></div><div class="c x9c y207 w19 h66"><div class="t m0 x95 h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">60.45 </div></div><div class="c x35 y207 w1a h66"><div class="t m0 x8f h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">27.9 </div></div><div class="c xea y207 w1b h66"><div class="t m0 x7a h60 y202 ff51 fs21 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">2.0 </div></div><div class="c x4e y208 w1c h67"><div class="t m0 x3 h68 y209 ff55 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 xdb h68 y20a ff55 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">4</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x4e y208 w1c h67"><div class="t m0 xed h69 y20b ff56 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h68 y20c ff55 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ot</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ogra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">í</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">om</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">hi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">drodi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ná</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h68 y20d ff55 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">y </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nye</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">A</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">na</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">B </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">na</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h68 y20e ff55 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">ondul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">do c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">on l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ge</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> os</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">one</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o. C</span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">urbul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">do.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h69 y20f ff56 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x85 h68 y210 ff55 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6f"> </span><span class="ff57 fs25"><span class="fc3 sc0">!</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xee h68 y211 ff57 fs25 fc0 sc0 ls6c ws15e"><span class="fc3 sc0">!!!!!!!</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff55 fs24 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x85 h6a y212 ff57 fs25 fc0 sc0 ls6c ws15f"><span class="fc3 sc0">!!!!!!!</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">!</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h68 y213 ff55 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">6</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ot</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ogra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">í</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">om</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">hi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">drodi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ná</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h68 y214 ff55 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nye</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">un </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">on </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="ls6e"><span class="fc3 sc0">A </span><span class="blank _8"> </span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2013</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">V</span><span class="fc3 sc0">III </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h68 y215 ff55 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">(e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> =1.5 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">). </span><span class="fc3 sc0">B </span><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2013</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> V</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> (e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> =1.0 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">). C </span><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2013</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> II (e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> = 0.5 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">).</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h69 y216 ff57 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">!</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h6b y217 ff58 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="ff59 fs26 ls6d ws160"><span class="fc3 sc0">!!!</span></span><span class="ff57 ls6e ws161"><span class="fc3 sc0">!!!!!</span><span class="fc3 sc0">!!!!</span><span class="ff59 fs26 ls6d ws160"><span class="fc3 sc0">!!</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">!!!!!!!</span><span class="lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">!</span></span></span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 xef h6b y218 ff58 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">A</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xef h6b y219 ff58 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">B</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xef h6b y21a ff58 fs24 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">C</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y21b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws162">Fig.<span class="blank"> </span>5.<span class="blank"> </span>Fotograf</div><div class="t m0 xf0 hc y21c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xf0 ha y21b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws152">\u0131as<span class="blank"> </span>tomadas<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>identi\ufb01car<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>hidrodin<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb0 hc y21b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws152">amica<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>espacios<span class="blank"> </span>anulares<span class="blank"> </span>rectos<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>lisos<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>partir<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y21d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wscc">inyecci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x7b hc y21d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws163">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tinta.<span class="blank _c"> </span>A<span class="blank"> </span>-<span class="blank"> </span>Flujo<span class="blank"> </span>laminar<span class="blank"> </span>estable.<span class="blank _c"> </span>B<span class="blank"> </span>-<span class="blank"> </span>Flujo<span class="blank"> </span>laminar<span class="blank"> </span>ondulado<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>ligeras<span class="blank"> </span>oscilaciones<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo.<span class="blank _c"> </span>C-<span class="blank"> </span>Flujo</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y21e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">turbulento<span class="blank"> </span>establecido.</div><div class="t m0 x2e ha y21f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws38">En<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>ensayos<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>determinar<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>p<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xad hc y21f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">erdida</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y220 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws164">de<span class="blank _17"> </span>presi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x89 hc y220 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws165">on,<span class="blank _70"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>obtienen<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>serie<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>puntos<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y221 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws166">forma<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xcd hc y221 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws167">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Darcy-W<span class="blank _d"></span>eisbach</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y222 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls6f">(<span class="ff8 ls70">f</span><span class="lsd ws168">),<span class="blank _23"> </span>frente<span class="blank _17"> </span>al<span class="blank _1b"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8e hc y222 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws169">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ws8">Re</span><span class="ws16a">).<span class="blank"> </span>Estos</span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y223 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16b">resultados<span class="blank"> </span>permitieron<span class="blank"> </span>desarrollar<span class="blank"> </span>correlaciones<span class="blank"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y224 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">el<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01ciente<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2b ha y224 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xcd hc y224 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">egimen<span class="blank"> </span>turbulento.</div><div class="t m0 x2e hc y225 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws29">Para<span class="blank"> </span>seleccionar<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>geometr</div><div class="t m0 x83 hc y226 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x83 hc y225 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws29">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y227 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16c">a<span class="blank"> </span>insertar<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>parte<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>criterios<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>experiencias</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y228 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16d">anteriormente<span class="blank"> </span>publicadas.<span class="blank _26"> </span>Swanepoelland<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>Meyer</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y131 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16e">(1997),<span class="blank _27"> </span>obtuvieron<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _a"></span>xperimentales<span class="blank"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y133 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16f">indican<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>menor<span class="blank"> </span>incremento<span class="blank"> </span>relati<span class="blank _1"></span>vo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 xd4 hc y229 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xd4 hc y133 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">\u0131da</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y134 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws170">de<span class="blank _14"> </span>presi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y134 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8a">on<span class="blank"> </span>respecto<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>incremento<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01ciente<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y135 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws171">transferencia<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>calor<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _23"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x65 hc y135 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">ametro</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y136 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws169">de<span class="blank"> </span>hilo<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ws8">e</span><span class="ws172">)<span class="blank"> </span>igual<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>0.5<span class="blank"> </span>mm,<span class="blank _23"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>paso<span class="blank"> </span>entre</span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y137 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws173">espiras<span class="blank _1b"> </span>(<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ls71">P</span><span class="ws174">)<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>1.75<span class="blank"> </span>veces<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb3 h14 y137 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws175">ametro<span class="blank _1b"> </span>hidr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xad hc y137 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">aulico</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y138 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls72">(<span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span><span class="lsd ws176">).<span class="blank _17"> </span>Slanciauskas<span class="blank"> </span>(2001)<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>partir<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>an<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xda hc y138 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws176">alisis<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y139 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsda">resultados<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales,<span class="blank _15"> </span>recomienda<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>caso</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y13a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5d">de<span class="blank"> </span>l</div><div class="t m0 x9 hc y13b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x4a ha y13a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5d">\u0131quidos,<span class="blank _1b"> </span>cuyo<span class="blank"> </span>valor<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y13a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5d">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Prandtl<span class="blank"> </span>se</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y13c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws177">encuentre<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>encima<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>5,<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>seleccionen<span class="blank"> </span>elementos</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws178">con<span class="blank"> </span>menor<span class="blank"> </span>altura<span class="blank"> </span>relativ<span class="blank _a"></span>a<span class="blank"> </span>respecto<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>espesor<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws179">la<span class="blank"> </span>subcapa<span class="blank"> </span>laminar<span class="blank"> </span>viscosa<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>menor<span class="blank"> </span>paso</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17a">uniforme<span class="blank _23"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ws8">P</span><span class="ws17b">)<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>pueda<span class="blank"> </span>ser<span class="blank"> </span>incluido,<span class="blank _27"> </span>indicando</span></div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y21f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16f">que<span class="blank"> </span>este<span class="blank"> </span>incremento<span class="blank"> </span>es<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x43 hc y21f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16f">as<span class="blank"> </span>efectiv<span class="blank _a"></span>o<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujos<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y220 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls73">r<span class="lsd v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x29 hc y220 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17c">egimen<span class="blank"> </span>transitorio,<span class="blank _23"> </span>ya<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>permiten<span class="blank"> </span>adelantar<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y221 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17d">turbulencia.<span class="blank _71"> </span>Otros<span class="blank"> </span>experimentos<span class="blank"> </span>desarrollados<span class="blank"> </span>por</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y222 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17e">Zhang<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws152">y<span class="blank"> </span>col<span class="ff1">.<span class="blank _23"> </span>(2012),<span class="blank"> </span>generaron<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>similares</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y22a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17f">para<span class="blank"> </span>pasos<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>2<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span>,<span class="blank _17"> </span>empleando<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>mismo<span class="blank"> </span>modelo</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y224 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">f</div><div class="t m0 x29 hc y22b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x29 hc y224 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws91">\u0131sico.<span class="blank _28"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>omando<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>cuenta<span class="blank"> </span>estos<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>se</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y22c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11c">seleccionaron<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>geometr</div><div class="t m0 xc3 hc y22d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xc3 hc y22c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11c">\u0131as<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>se</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y22e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">muestran<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>tabla<span class="blank"> </span>2.</div><div class="t m0 x33 h12 y22f ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsd ws0">3<span class="blank _1a"> </span>Resultados<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>discusi<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y22f ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y230 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws180">La<span class="blank _16"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x21 ha y230 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws56">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank _18"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc5 hc y230 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws56">anulos<span class="blank"> </span>lisos<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>realiza</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y231 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws181">mediante<span class="blank _e"> </span>inyecci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x97 hc y231 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws136">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tinta,<span class="blank"> </span>lo<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>permite<span class="blank"> </span>establecer</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y232 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws182">cuando<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>comienza<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>presentar<span class="blank"> </span>inestabilidad<span class="blank"> </span>y</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y233 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls74">c<span class="lsd v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 ha y233 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws183">omo<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>produce<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>transici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf1 hc y233 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws184">on<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>turbulencia.<span class="blank _c"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y234 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws184">(5)<span class="blank"> </span>presenta<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>muestra<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>fotograf</div><div class="t m0 x5b hc y235 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x5b hc y234 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws184">\u0131as<span class="blank"> </span>tomadas<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y236 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws185">los<span class="blank"> </span>ensayos<span class="blank"> </span>realizados<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank _19"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf1 hc y236 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws185">anulos<span class="blank"> </span>lisos<span class="blank"> </span>empleando<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y237 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls75">t<span class="lsd v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x29 ha y237 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">ecnica<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe5 ha y237 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on<span class="blank"> </span>mediante<span class="blank"> </span>inyecci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf2 hc y237 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tinta.</div><div class="t m0 x3b h14 y13c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws186">El<span class="blank _12"> </span>an<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf3 hc y13c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws35">alisis<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>datos<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales<span class="blank"> </span>obtenidos</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y238 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws187">por<span class="blank"> </span>medio<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>medici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf4 ha y238 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws187">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>inyecci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf5 hc y238 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws187">on<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws107">tinta<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>espacio<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank"> </span>liso<span class="blank"> </span>(a)<span class="blank"> </span>arroj<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x60 hc y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws107">o<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>siguientes</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">resultados:</div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y64 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsfe">www<span class="blank _a"></span>.rmiq.or<span class="blank _a"></span>g<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1">153</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x41 y239 w1d h6c" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f276d114-c5d8-4ddb-a786-531bab0dbb72/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 xa hc y67 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Imbert-Gonz<span class="blank _8"> </span>´<span class="blank _21"></span>alez<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>col.<span class="ffb ls24">/</span><span class="ff1">Revista<span class="blank"> </span>Me<span class="blank _a"></span>xicana<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ws8">I</span>ngenier</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws51">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ls25">Q</span>u</div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131mica<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>ol.<span class="blank"> </span>15,<span class="blank"> </span>No.<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>(2016)<span class="blank"> </span>149-159</div><div class="t m0 x2e ha y69 ff5a fs7 fc0 sc0 ls78">\u2022<span class="ff1 ls79">N<span class="lsd v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf6 hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws188">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>interv<span class="blank _a"></span>alo<span class="blank"> </span>desde<span class="blank"> </span>100</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y6a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws152">hasta<span class="blank"> </span>1200.<span class="blank _23"> </span>Flujo<span class="blank"> </span>laminar<span class="blank"> </span>estable.<span class="blank _23"> </span>Las<span class="blank"> </span>l</div><div class="t m0 xb8 hc y23a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xb8 hc y6a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">\u0131neas</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y6b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws189">de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>son<span class="blank"> </span>perfectamente<span class="blank"> </span>paralelas<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>punto</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y6c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">medio<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>espacio<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank _c"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _c"> </span>5(A).</div><div class="t m0 x2e ha y23b ff5a fs7 fc0 sc0 ls78">\u2022<span class="ff1 ls79">N<span class="lsd v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf6 hc y23b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12b">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>interv<span class="blank _a"></span>alo<span class="blank"> </span>desde<span class="blank"> </span>1200</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y23c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws62">hasta<span class="blank"> </span>1400.<span class="blank _16"> </span>Flujo<span class="blank"> </span>laminar<span class="blank"> </span>ondulado<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>ligeras</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y23d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws18a">oscilaciones<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo.<span class="blank _15"> </span>A<span class="blank"> </span>v<span class="blank _1"></span>alores<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Re<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff5b ls7a">\u21e1</span>1450</div><div class="t m0 x4b h14 y23e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf0">se<span class="blank"> </span>observa<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>aparici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y23e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf0">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>turbulencia.<span class="blank _1b"> </span>Fig.</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y23f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">5(B).</div><div class="t m0 x2e h14 y73 ff5a fs7 fc0 sc0 ls78">\u2022<span class="ff1 ls79">N<span class="lsd v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf6 hc y73 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws18b">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>superiores<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>1500.</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y74 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws18c">T<span class="blank _a"></span>urbulencia<span class="blank"> </span>claramente<span class="blank"> </span>establecida.<span class="blank _60"> </span>De<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x4b ha y75 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws18d">visualizaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x73 hc y75 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws18e">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>realizada<span class="blank"> </span>mediante<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x4b ha y76 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws18f">inyecci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1b hc y76 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws190">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tinta<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>pudo<span class="blank"> </span>establecer<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>punto</div><div class="t m0 x4b ha y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws191">de<span class="blank _c"> </span>transici<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x54 hc y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws192">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>interv<span class="blank _a"></span>alo<span class="blank"> </span>entre</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y78 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">1400<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>1500.<span class="blank _c"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _c"> </span>5(C).</div><div class="t m0 x3b ha y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16b">A<span class="blank"> </span>partir<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>medici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x63 ha y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16b">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>circulaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x38 hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on,</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y6a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws193">y<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>apoyo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf7 ha y6a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws194">ecnicas<span class="blank _17"> </span>de<span class="blank _1b"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5d hc y6a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y6b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws59">empleadas,<span class="blank _15"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>determinaron<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>v<span class="blank _a"></span>alores<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf8 hc y6b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">umero</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6b">de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>cr</div><div class="t m0 xaf hc y240 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xf9 hc y6c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6b">\u0131tico<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>cada<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2d">insertadas.<span class="blank _24"> </span>Estos<span class="blank"> </span>v<span class="blank _a"></span>alores<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>comparan<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>su<span class="blank"> </span>vez<span class="blank"> </span>con</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">los<span class="blank"> </span>valores<span class="blank"> </span>obtenidos<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>espacios<span class="blank"> </span>anulares<span class="blank"> </span>lisos.</div><div class="t m0 x3b ha y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws195">La<span class="blank _12"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe4 ha y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws61">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>partir<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>inserci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5d hc y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y71 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws176">de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>diferente<span class="blank"> </span>geometr</div><div class="t m0 x57 hc y1b8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x57 hc y71 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws176">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>espacio</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws196">anular<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _18"> </span>permiti<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x23 ha y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws56">o<span class="blank"> </span>obtener<span class="blank"> </span>im<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x43 hc y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws56">agenes<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>identi\ufb01caban</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y73 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws197">a<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>patrones<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo.<span class="blank _5e"> </span>El<span class="blank"> </span>paso<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espiras</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y74 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws198">fue<span class="blank"> </span>referido<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe4 ha y74 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws54">ametro<span class="blank _14"> </span>hidr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3f hc y74 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws198">aulico<span class="blank"> </span>siendo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>0.5<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span>,</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y75 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls7b vf">h</span><span class="ff1 ls84 ws199">y2<span class="blank _21"></span><span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls7b vf">h</span><span class="ff1 lsd ws19a">respectiv<span class="blank _a"></span>amente.<span class="blank _5f"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _5f"> </span>(6)<span class="blank"> </span>ilustra<span class="blank"> </span>un</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y76 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws104">ejemplo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>estas<span class="blank"> </span>fotograf</div><div class="t m0 xea hc y241 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xea hc y76 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws104">\u0131as<span class="blank"> </span>tomadas<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>paso<span class="blank"> </span>igual</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws19b">al<span class="blank _e"> </span>di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa7 ha y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws19c">ametro<span class="blank _e"> </span>hidr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf9 ha y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws19d">aulico<span class="blank _e"> </span>(<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ls7c">P<span class="ffb ls7d">=</span><span class="ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span></span><span class="ws122">)<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws122">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>hilo<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y78 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">la<span class="blank"> </span>espiral<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ws8">e</span>)<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>0.5<span class="blank"> </span>mm,<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>mm<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>1.5<span class="blank"> </span>mm.</div><div class="c x41 y242 w1e h6d"><div class="t m0 x67 h6e y243 ff5c fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 xde h6e y244 ff5c fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">4</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x41 y242 w1e h6d"><div class="t m0 xf9 h6f y245 ff5d fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h6e y246 ff5c fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ot</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ogra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">í</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">om</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">hi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">drodi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ná</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h6e y247 ff5c fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">y </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nye</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">A</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">na</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">B </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">na</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h6e y248 ff5c fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">ondul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">do c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">on l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ge</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> os</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">one</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o. C</span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">urbul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">do.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h6f y249 ff5d fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb6 h6e y24a ff5c fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> <span class="blank _72"> </span><span class="ff5e fs28">!</span></div><div class="t m0 xb6 h6e y24b ff5e fs28 fc0 sc0 ls7e ws19e">!!!!!!!<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff5c fs27 lsd ws50"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb6 h70 y24c ff5e fs28 fc0 sc0 ls7e ws19f">!!!!!!!<span class="blank"> </span><span class="lsd">!</span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h6e y24d ff5c fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">6</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ot</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ogra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">í</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">om</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">hi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">drodi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ná</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h6e y24e ff5c fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nye</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">un </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">on </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="ls80"><span class="fc3 sc0">A </span><span class="blank _2"> </span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2013</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">V</span><span class="fc3 sc0">III </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h6e y24f ff5c fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">(e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> =1.5 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">). </span><span class="fc3 sc0">B </span><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2013</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> V</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> (e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> =1.0 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">). C </span><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2013</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">E</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> II (e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> = 0.5 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">).</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h6f y250 ff5e fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">!</span></div><div class="t m0 x67 h71 y251 ff5f fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="ff60 fs29 ls7f ws1a0"><span class="fc3 sc0">!!!</span></span><span class="ff5e ls80 ws1a1"><span class="fc3 sc0">!!!!!</span><span class="fc3 sc0">!!!!</span><span class="ff60 fs29 ls7f ws1a0"><span class="fc3 sc0">!!</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">!!!!!!!</span><span class="lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">!</span></span></span></div></div><div class="c x41 y252 w1f h72"><div class="t m0 x3 h71 y253 ff5f fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">A </div></div><div class="c x41 y254 w1f h72"><div class="t m0 x3 h71 y253 ff5f fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">B </div></div><div class="c x41 y255 w1f h72"><div class="t m0 x3 h71 y253 ff5f fs27 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">C </div></div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y256 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf5">Fig.<span class="blank"> </span>6.<span class="blank _12"> </span>Fotograf</div><div class="t m0 x7e hc y257 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x16 ha y256 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf5">\u0131as<span class="blank"> </span>tomadas<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>identi\ufb01car<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>cambio<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>hidrodin<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc9 hc y256 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf5">amica<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>espacios<span class="blank"> </span>anulares<span class="blank"> </span>rectos<span class="blank"> </span>con</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y258 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1a2">espirales<span class="blank"> </span>insertados<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>partir<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>inyecci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1d hc y258 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1a2">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>tinta.<span class="blank _12"> </span>A<span class="blank"> </span>-<span class="blank"> </span>Espiral<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ls81">e<span class="ffb ls82">=</span></span>1.5<span class="blank"> </span>mm).<span class="blank _12"> </span>B<span class="blank"> </span>-<span class="blank"> </span>Espiral<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ls81">e</span><span class="ffb ws8">=</span>1.0<span class="blank"> </span>mm).<span class="blank _14"> </span>C<span class="blank"> </span>-<span class="blank"> </span>Espiral</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y259 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls26">(<span class="ff8 ls83">e<span class="ffb lsd ws8">=</span></span><span class="lsd ws9">0.5<span class="blank"> </span>mm).</span></div><div class="t m0 x75 hc y64 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsae">154<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws8">www<span class="blank _a"></span>.rmiq.or<span class="blank _a"></span>g</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x2e y25a w20 h73" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f276d114-c5d8-4ddb-a786-531bab0dbb72/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 x51 hc y67 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Imbert-Gonz<span class="blank _8"> </span>´<span class="blank _21"></span>alez<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>col.<span class="ffb ls3c">/</span><span class="ff1">Revista<span class="blank"> </span>Me<span class="blank _a"></span>xicana<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ws8">I</span>ngenier</span></div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws51">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ls25">Q</span>u</div><div class="t m0 x3e hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x3e hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131mica<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>ol.<span class="blank"> </span>15,<span class="blank"> </span>No.<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>(2016)<span class="blank"> </span>149-159</div><div class="c x2e y25b w21 h74"><div class="t m0 xc2 h75 y25c ff61 fs2a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 xcf h75 y25d ff61 fs2a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x2e y25b w21 h74"><div class="t m0 xc2 h75 y25e ff61 fs2a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc1 h75 y25f ff61 fs2a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x2e y260 w22 h76"><div class="t mb x70 h77 y261 ff62 fs2b fc0 sc0 lsa4 ws50">Reyno<span class="blank _2"> </span>l<span class="blank _2"> </span>ds <span class="blank _2"> </span>cr<span class="blank _2"> </span>í<span class="blank _2"> </span>ti<span class="blank _2"> </span>c<span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>al<span class="blank _2"> </span>to</div></div><div class="c x13 y262 w23 h78"><div class="t mc x3 h79 y263 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Án<span class="blank _a"></span>ul<span class="blank _a"></span>os <span class="blank _2"> </span>Lisos, </div><div class="t mc x6f h79 y264 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa5">1452</div></div><div class="c xfa y265 w24 h78"><div class="t mc x3 h79 y266 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa6 ws50">P =<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>2 <span class="blank _2"> </span>D<span class="fs2d lsd ws1a3">h</span><span class="lsa7">, </span></div><div class="t mc x8b h79 y267 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa5">1315</div></div><div class="c x64 y268 w25 h7a"><div class="t mc x3 h79 y269 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa6 ws50">P =<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>D<span class="fs2d lsd ws1a3">h</span><span class="lsa7">, </span></div><div class="t mc x8 h79 y26a ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa5">1211</div></div><div class="c x2b y26b w26 h78"><div class="t mc x3 h79 y26c ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa6 ws50">P =<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>0.<span class="blank _2"> </span>5 <span class="blank _2"> </span>D<span class="fs2d lsd ws1a3">h<span class="fs2c">,</span></span></div><div class="t mc x69 h79 y26d ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa7 ws50"> 10<span class="blank _1"></span>98</div></div><div class="c x83 y26e w24 h78"><div class="t mc x3 h79 y26f ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa6 ws50">P =<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>2 <span class="blank _2"> </span>D<span class="fs2e lsd v13">h</span></div><div class="t mc x95 h79 y26f ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsd">,</div><div class="t mc x8b h79 y270 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa7 ws50"> 12<span class="blank _1"></span>63</div></div><div class="c x28 y271 w24 h78"><div class="t mc x3 h79 y263 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa6 ws50">P =<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>2 <span class="blank _2"> </span>D<span class="fs2d lsd ws1a3">h<span class="fs2c">,</span></span></div><div class="t mc x8b h79 y272 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa7 ws50"> 12<span class="blank _1"></span>15</div></div><div class="c xc y273 w27 h78"><div class="t mc x3 h79 y274 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa6 ws50">P =<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>D<span class="fs2d lsd ws1a3">h</span><span class="lsa7">, </span></div><div class="t mc x8 h79 y275 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa5">1182</div></div><div class="c x28 y276 w27 h78"><div class="t mc x3 h79 y277 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa6 ws50">P =<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>D<span class="fs2d lsd ws1a3">h<span class="fs2c">,</span></span></div><div class="t mc x8 h79 y278 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa7 ws50"> 11<span class="blank _1"></span>41</div></div><div class="c x83 y279 w28 h78"><div class="t mc x3 h79 y27a ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa6 ws50">P =<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>0.<span class="blank _2"> </span>5 <span class="blank _2"> </span>D<span class="fs2d lsd ws1a3">h<span class="fs2c">,</span></span></div><div class="t mc x69 h79 y27b ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa7 ws50"> 10<span class="blank _1"></span>49</div></div><div class="c x28 y27c w28 h7b"><div class="t mc x3 h79 y27d ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa6 ws50">P =<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>0.<span class="blank _2"> </span>5 <span class="blank _2"> </span>D<span class="fs2d lsd ws1a3">h<span class="fs2c">,</span></span></div><div class="t mc x6f h79 y27e ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 lsa7 ws50"> 95<span class="blank _1"></span>0</div></div><div class="c x4b y27f w29 h7c"><div class="t md x70 h7d y280 ff63 fs2f fc0 sc0 ls85 ws1a4">80<span class="blank _1"></span>0</div></div><div class="c x4b y281 w29 h7e"><div class="t md x70 h7d y282 ff63 fs2f fc0 sc0 ls85 ws1a4">90<span class="blank _1"></span>0</div></div><div class="c xef y283 w2a h7f"><div class="t md x70 h7d y284 ff63 fs2f fc0 sc0 ls85 ws1a4">10<span class="blank _1"></span>00</div></div><div class="c xef y285 w2a h7f"><div class="t md x70 h7d y286 ff63 fs2f fc0 sc0 ls85 ws1a4">11<span class="blank _1"></span>00</div></div><div class="c xef y287 w2a h7f"><div class="t md x70 h7d y288 ff63 fs2f fc0 sc0 ls85 ws1a4">12<span class="blank _1"></span>00</div></div><div class="c xef y289 w2a h80"><div class="t md x70 h7d y28a ff63 fs2f fc0 sc0 ls85 ws1a4">13<span class="blank _1"></span>00</div></div><div class="c xef y28b w2a h7f"><div class="t md x70 h7d y28c ff63 fs2f fc0 sc0 ls85 ws1a4">14<span class="blank _1"></span>00</div></div><div class="c xef y28d w2a h7f"><div class="t md x70 h7d y28e ff63 fs2f fc0 sc0 ls85 ws1a4">15<span class="blank _1"></span>00</div></div><div class="c xef y28f w2a h80"><div class="t md x70 h7d y290 ff63 fs2f fc0 sc0 ls85 ws1a4">16<span class="blank _1"></span>00</div></div><div class="c x2e y25b w21 h74"><div class="t mc x87 h79 y291 ff63 fs2c fc0 sc0 ls86">0<span class="lsa5 ws1a5">0.5<span class="blank _57"> </span><span class="ls87">1</span>1.5<span class="blank _57"> </span><span class="lsd">2</span></span></div></div><div class="c xfb y25b w2b h81"><div class="t mc x3 h82 y292 ff62 fs30 fc0 sc0 lsa8 ws50">Diametro <span class="blank _1"></span>de hil<span class="blank _1"></span>o (<span class="ff64 ls88">e</span><span class="lsa9">) mm</span></div></div><div class="c x2e y25b w21 h74"><div class="t m0 x3 h75 y293 ff61 fs2a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">7</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. V</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ore</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> núm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> Re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ynol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ds</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rí</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xab h75 y294 ff61 fs2a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc2 h75 y295 ff61 fs2a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t me xfc h83 y296 ff65 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span></div><div class="t me x12 h83 y297 ff65 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsaa ws1a6"><span class="fc3 sc0">0.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span></div><div class="t me x12 h83 y298 ff65 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsaa ws1a6"><span class="fc3 sc0">0.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span></div><div class="t me x12 h83 y299 ff65 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsaa ws1a6"><span class="fc3 sc0">0.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">3</span></div><div class="t me x12 h83 y29a ff65 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsaa ws1a6"><span class="fc3 sc0">0.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">4</span></div><div class="t me x12 h83 y29b ff65 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsaa ws1a6"><span class="fc3 sc0">0.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span></div><div class="t me x12 h83 y29c ff65 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsaa ws1a6"><span class="fc3 sc0">0.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">6</span></div><div class="t me x12 h83 y29d ff65 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsaa ws1a6"><span class="fc3 sc0">0.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">7</span></div><div class="t me x12 h83 y29e ff65 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsaa ws1a6"><span class="fc3 sc0">0.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">8</span></div><div class="t me xfc h83 y29f ff65 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsaa ws1a7"><span class="fc3 sc0">1000</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1500</span><span class="blank _73"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2000</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2500</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">3000</span><span class="blank _73"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">3500</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">4000</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">4500</span><span class="blank _73"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">5000</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">5500</span></div><div class="t me x85 h84 y2a0 ff66 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsab ws1a8"><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">y</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span></div><div class="t mf x4b h85 y2a1 ff66 fs32 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">C</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ó</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff67 ls89 v0"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="ff68 ls8a"><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t me x55 h84 y2a2 ff69 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">G</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">sl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ki</span><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t me x55 h84 y2a3 ff69 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">so</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s)</span></div><div class="t me x55 h84 y2a4 ff69 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsac ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">f (</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> =</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 0</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t me x55 h84 y2a5 ff69 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsac ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">f (</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> =</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 1</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t me x55 h84 y2a6 ff69 fs31 fc0 sc0 lsac ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">f (</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> =</span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">)</span></div></div><div class="c x2e y25b w21 h74"><div class="t m0 x1 h75 y2a7 ff61 fs2a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x70 h75 y2a8 ff61 fs2a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 8</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> y c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">on l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">orpora</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xfd h75 y2a9 ff61 fs2a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> di</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> hi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o (</span><span class="ff6a ws1a9"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">) de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">:</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 0.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">, 1 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">, y 1.5 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y2aa ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1aa">Fig.<span class="blank _17"> </span>7.<span class="blank _23"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>alores<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4c hc y2aa ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6f">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>cr</div><div class="t m0 xb1 hc y2ab ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xb1 hc y2aa ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">\u0131tico</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2ac ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">para<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>insertadas<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>espacio<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x2e hc y2ad ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ab">En<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _c"> </span>(7)<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>muestran<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>obtenidos</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y2ae ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ac">para<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>valores<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x20 hc y2ae ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ac">umeros<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>cr</div><div class="t m0 x48 hc y2af ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x48 hc y2ae ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">\u0131ticos</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2b0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ad">para<span class="blank"> </span>distintas<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>insertadas<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>espacio<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>,</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y2b1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ae">tambi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xef ha y2b1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws53">en<span class="blank"> </span>aparece<span class="blank"> </span>re\ufb02ejado<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>v<span class="blank _1"></span>alor<span class="blank"> </span>obtenido<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank _12"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xba hc y2b1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">anulos</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2b2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2f">lisos.<span class="blank _23"> </span>En<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>barras<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>error<span class="blank"> </span>incorporadas<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>cada</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y2b3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls8b">n<span class="lsd v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x93 hc y2b3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6b">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>aprecia<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>in\ufb02uencia<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2b4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1af">incertidumbre<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>mediciones<span class="blank"> </span>realizadas<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y2b5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b0">obtenci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x7b ha y2b5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x64 hc y2b5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds.</div><div class="t m0 x2e hc y2b6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b1">Se<span class="blank"> </span>puede<span class="blank"> </span>observ<span class="blank _1"></span>ar<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _23"> </span>(7)<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>insertar</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y2b7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b2">las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales,<span class="blank"> </span>existe<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>adelanto<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>aparici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xda hc y2b7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws187">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2b8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16b">turbulencia<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>espacio<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank"> </span>respecto<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2b9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2ba ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b3">anulos<span class="blank"> </span>lisos.<span class="blank _c"> </span>Las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>producen<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>helicoidal</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2bb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b4">en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>periferia<span class="blank"> </span>superpuesto<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>axial<span class="blank"> </span>principal.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2bc ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws47">Como<span class="blank"> </span>consecuencia<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>incrementa<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>velocidad<span class="blank"> </span>del</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2bd ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b5">\ufb02uido<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>cercan</div><div class="t m0 x2f hc y2be ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xfe hc y2bd ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b5">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>pared<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>interno<span class="blank"> </span>con</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y2bf ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b6">la<span class="blank _16"> </span>aparici<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc1 hc y2bf ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b7">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fuerzas<span class="blank"> </span>centr</div><div class="t m0 x50 hc y2c0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xd9 hc y2bf ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b8">\u0131fugas<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>fa<span class="blank _a"></span>vorecen<span class="blank"> </span>el</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y2c1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws42">incremento<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xd6 hc y2c1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws42">on.<span class="blank _1e"> </span>Es<span class="blank"> </span>posible<span class="blank"> </span>apreciar<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>al</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y2c2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b9">emplear<span class="blank _c"> </span>pasos<span class="blank _e"> </span>m<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x73 hc y2c2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws93">as<span class="blank"> </span>cortos<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ls8c">P<span class="ffb ls8d">=</span></span><span class="ls8e">0</span><span class="ff50 ws8">.</span><span class="ls8f">5<span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span></span><span class="ws1ba">),<span class="blank _c"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>adelanto<span class="blank"> </span>de</span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2c3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1bb">la<span class="blank"> </span>turbulencia<span class="blank"> </span>es<span class="blank"> </span>mayor<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank _e"> </span>Los<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2c4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ac">muestran<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>interv<span class="blank _1"></span>alo<span class="blank"> </span>analizado,<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>paso<span class="blank"> </span>entre</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y2c5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsca">las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff8 ws8">P</span>)<span class="blank"> </span>tiene<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x25 ha y2c5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsca">as<span class="blank"> </span>in\ufb02uencia<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>aparici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x48 hc y2c5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsca">on<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y2c6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws192">la<span class="blank"> </span>turbulencia<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xd6 hc y2c6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws192">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>hilo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2c7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls26">(<span class="ff8 lsd ws8">e<span class="ff1">).</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2e hc y2c8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1bc">A<span class="blank"> </span>partir<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>valores<span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _a"></span>xperimentales<span class="blank"> </span>obtenidos</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2c9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws48">para<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>diferentes<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>insertadas,<span class="blank _19"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>obtuvo<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y2ca ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1bd">siguiente<span class="blank _14"> </span>ecuaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x54 ha y2ca ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws198">on<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>permite<span class="blank"> </span>predecir<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>aparici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y2ca ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y2cb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">del<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>cr</div><div class="t m0 x7e hc y2cc ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x7e hc y2cb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">\u0131tico:</div><div class="t m0 xd h86 y2cd ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">Re<span class="ff1 fs8 vf">cr</span></div><div class="t m0 xab hd y2ce ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xff h87 y2cf ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1be">\u0131tico<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ffb fs7 ls90 v14">=</span><span class="fs7 ws8 v14">1097<span class="ff50 ls91">.<span class="ff1 ls92">4<span class="ff5b ls93">\ue622</span></span></span>4361<span class="ff50 ls91">.</span>7(<span class="ff8">e<span class="ff50 ls94">/</span><span class="ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span></span><span class="ls95">)<span class="ffb ls96">+</span></span>145778<span class="ff50 ls91">.</span><span class="ws1bf">1(</span><span class="ff8">P<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ff50 ls94">/<span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span><span class="ff1 lsd">)</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd4 hc y2d0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">(3)</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y13c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1c0">La<span class="blank _12"> </span>ecuaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x100 hc y13c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws88">on<span class="blank"> </span>anterior<span class="blank"> </span>fue<span class="blank"> </span>obtenida<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01ciente</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1c1">de<span class="blank _15"> </span>regresi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xfc ha y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1c2">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>90.1%,<span class="blank _1e"> </span>con<span class="blank _1e"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>desviaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x46 hc y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12d">on<span class="blank"> </span>media</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y162 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1c3">de<span class="blank"> </span>2.49%<span class="blank"> </span>respecto<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>v<span class="blank _1"></span>alores<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">obtenidos.</div><div class="c x33 y2d1 w2c h88"><div class="t m0 x101 h89 y2d2 ff6b fs33 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x102 h89 y2d3 ff6b fs33 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x33 y2d1 w2c h88"><div class="t m0 x101 h89 y2d4 ff6b fs33 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x89 h89 y2d5 ff6b fs33 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t mb x33 h8a y2d6 ff6c fs34 fc0 sc0 lsad ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">y</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">í</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span></div><div class="t m10 x35 h8b y2d7 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">L</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">so</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s,</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m10 x3e h8b y2d8 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsae"><span class="fc3 sc0">1452</span></div><div class="t m10 xaa h8b y2d9 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsaf ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">P </span><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fs36 lsd ws1c4"><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span></span><span class="lsb0"><span class="fc3 sc0">, </span></span></div><div class="t m10 xdc h8b y2da ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsae"><span class="fc3 sc0">1315</span></div><div class="t m10 x66 h8b y2db ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsaf ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">P </span><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fs36 lsd ws1c4"><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span></span><span class="lsb0"><span class="fc3 sc0">, </span></span></div><div class="t m10 x103 h8b y2dc ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsae"><span class="fc3 sc0">1211</span></div><div class="t m10 xe4 h8b y2dd ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsaf ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">P </span><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fs36 lsd ws1c4"><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="fs35"><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span></span></span></div><div class="t m10 x40 h8b y2de ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsb0 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> 1</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">9</span><span class="fc3 sc0">8</span></div><div class="t m10 xc4 h8b y2df ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsaf ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">P </span><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fs37 lsd v13"><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span></span></div><div class="t m10 xc6 h8b y2df ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m10 xc5 h8c y2e0 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsb0 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> 1</span><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">6</span><span class="fc3 sc0">3</span><span class="blank _74"> </span><span class="lsaf v1"><span class="fc3 sc0">P </span><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fs36 lsd ws1c4"><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="fs35"><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m10 x104 h8b y2e1 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsb0 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> 1</span><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span></div><div class="t m10 xea h8b y2e2 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsaf ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">P </span><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fs36 lsd ws1c4"><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span></span><span class="lsb0"><span class="fc3 sc0">, </span></span></div><div class="t m10 x105 h8b y2e3 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsae ws1c5"><span class="fc3 sc0">1182</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="lsaf ws50 v15"><span class="fc3 sc0">P </span><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fs36 lsd ws1c4"><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="fs35"><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m10 x106 h8b y2e4 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsb0 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> 1</span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">4</span><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span></div><div class="t m10 xc4 h8b y2e5 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsaf ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">P </span><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fs36 lsd ws1c4"><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="fs35"><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span></span></span></div><div class="t m10 xe6 h8b y2e6 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsb0 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> 1</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">4</span><span class="fc3 sc0">9</span></div><div class="t m10 xf2 h8b y2e7 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsaf ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">P </span><span class="fc3 sc0">=</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fs36 lsd ws1c4"><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="fs35"><span class="fc3 sc0">,</span></span></span></div><div class="t m10 x68 h8b y2e8 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 lsb0 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> 9</span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="blank _a"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span></div><div class="t m11 x107 h8d y2e9 ff6d fs38 fc0 sc0 ls97 ws1c6"><span class="fc3 sc0">80</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span></div><div class="t m11 x107 h8d y2ea ff6d fs38 fc0 sc0 ls97 ws1c6"><span class="fc3 sc0">90</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span></div><div class="t m11 x42 h8d y2eb ff6d fs38 fc0 sc0 ls97 ws1c6"><span class="fc3 sc0">10</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">00</span></div><div class="t m11 x42 h8d y2ec ff6d fs38 fc0 sc0 ls97 ws1c6"><span class="fc3 sc0">11</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">00</span></div><div class="t m11 x42 h8d y2ed ff6d fs38 fc0 sc0 ls97 ws1c6"><span class="fc3 sc0">12</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">00</span></div><div class="t m11 x42 h8d y2ee ff6d fs38 fc0 sc0 ls97 ws1c6"><span class="fc3 sc0">13</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">00</span></div><div class="t m11 x42 h8d y2ef ff6d fs38 fc0 sc0 ls97 ws1c6"><span class="fc3 sc0">14</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">00</span></div><div class="t m11 x42 h8d y2f0 ff6d fs38 fc0 sc0 ls97 ws1c6"><span class="fc3 sc0">15</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">00</span></div><div class="t m11 x42 h8d y2f1 ff6d fs38 fc0 sc0 ls97 ws1c6"><span class="fc3 sc0">16</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">00</span></div><div class="t m10 x39 h8b y2f2 ff6d fs35 fc0 sc0 ls98"><span class="fc3 sc0">0</span><span class="lsae ws1c7"><span class="fc3 sc0">0.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="blank _75"> </span><span class="ls99"><span class="fc3 sc0">1</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.</span><span class="fc3 sc0">5</span><span class="blank _75"> </span><span class="lsd"><span class="fc3 sc0">2</span></span></span></div><div class="t m10 xae h8e y2f3 ff6c fs39 fc0 sc0 lsb1 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Di</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">h</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(</span><span class="ff6e ls9a"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span></span><span class="lsb2"><span class="fc3 sc0">) </span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span></span></div></div><div class="c x33 y2d1 w2c h88"><div class="t m0 x108 h89 y2f4 ff6b fs33 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">7</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. V</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ore</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> núm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> Re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ynol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ds</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rí</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">da</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h89 y2f5 ff6b fs33 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x101 h89 y2f6 ff6b fs33 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t me x95 h8f y2f7 ff6f fs3a fc0 sc0 lsd">0</div><div class="t me x7a h8f y2f8 ff6f fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb3 ws1c8">0.1</div><div class="t me x7a h8f y2f9 ff6f fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb3 ws1c8">0.2</div><div class="t me x7a h8f y2fa ff6f fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb3 ws1c8">0.3</div><div class="t me x7a h8f y2fb ff6f fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb3 ws1c8">0.4</div><div class="t me x7a h8f y2fc ff6f fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb3 ws1c8">0.5</div><div class="t me x7a h8f y2fd ff6f fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb3 ws1c8">0.6</div><div class="t me x7a h8f y2fe ff6f fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb3 ws1c8">0.7</div><div class="t me x7a h8f y2ff ff6f fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb3 ws1c8">0.8</div><div class="t me x95 h8f y300 ff6f fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb3 ws1c9">1000<span class="blank"> </span>1500<span class="blank _73"> </span>2000<span class="blank"> </span>2500<span class="blank"> </span>3000<span class="blank"> </span>3500<span class="blank"> </span>4000<span class="blank"> </span>4500<span class="blank _73"> </span>5000<span class="blank"> </span>5500</div></div><div class="c xc3 y2d1 w2d h90"><div class="t me x3 h91 y301 ff70 fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb4 ws1ca">Reyn<span class="blank"> </span>o<span class="blank"> </span>lds</div></div><div class="c x33 y302 w2e h92"><div class="t m12 xeb h93 y303 ff70 fs3b fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Coeficiente de fricción (<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff71 ls9b v0"> <span class="ff72 ls9c">f</span> </span>)</div></div><div class="c x109 y304 w2f h94"><div class="t me x69 h91 y305 ff73 fs3a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">f (<span class="blank _2"> </span>Gni<span class="blank _2"> </span>esli<span class="blank _2"> </span>nki)</div><div class="t me x69 h91 y306 ff73 fs3a fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">f (<span class="blank _2"> </span>ánulos l<span class="blank _2"> </span>isos)</div><div class="t me x69 h91 y307 ff73 fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb5 ws50">f (e = 0<span class="blank _a"></span>.5 mm)</div><div class="t me x69 h91 y308 ff73 fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb5 ws50">f (e = 1<span class="blank _a"></span> mm)</div><div class="t me x69 h91 y309 ff73 fs3a fc0 sc0 lsb5 ws50">f (e =1<span class="blank _a"></span>.5 mm)</div></div><div class="c x33 y2d1 w2c h88"><div class="t m0 x1 h89 y30a ff6b fs33 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h89 y30b ff6b fs33 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 8</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> y c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">on l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">orpora</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8f h89 y30c ff6b fs33 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> di</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> hi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o (</span><span class="ff74 ws1cb"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">) de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">:</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 0.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">, 1 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">, y 1.5 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y30d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cc">Fig.<span class="blank _16"> </span>8.<span class="blank _16"> </span>Factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x10a ha y30d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cc">on<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank _12"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x106 hc y30d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cc">anulos<span class="blank"> </span>lisos</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y30e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cd">y<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>incorporaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xdd ha y30e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cd">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x68 hc y30e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cd">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y30f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">hilo<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ws8">e</span>)<span class="blank"> </span>de:<span class="blank _c"> </span>0.5<span class="blank"> </span>mm,<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>mm<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>1.5<span class="blank"> </span>mm.</div><div class="t m0 x33 h58 y310 ff8 fs6 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6">3.1<span class="blank _1f"> </span>Coe\ufb01ciente<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _b"> </span>´<span class="blank _6e"></span>on</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y311 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8b">Los<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>visualizaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x10b hc y311 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8b">on<span class="blank"> </span>indican<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y312 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ce">inserci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y312 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cf">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>menor<span class="blank"> </span>paso<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff8 ws8">P<span class="ffb">=</span></span><span class="ws1d0">0.5<span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span>),</span></div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y313 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d1">prov<span class="blank _a"></span>ocan<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>aparici<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xdc hc y313 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d1">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>turbulencia<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>menores</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y314 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d2">\ufb02ujos.<span class="blank _76"> </span>A<span class="blank"> </span>partir<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>identi\ufb01car<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>presencia<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y315 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d3">turbulencia<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>incremento<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>transferencia<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y316 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d4">calor<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _1b"> </span>fueron<span class="blank"> </span>seleccionadas<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>menor</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y317 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d5">paso<span class="blank _1e"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">\u02dc</span></div><div class="t m0 x10c hc y317 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d6">naladas<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _73"> </span>(7)<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>determinar<span class="blank"> </span>el</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y318 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsff">comportamiento<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01ciente<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x10d hc y318 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsff">on.<span class="blank _15"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x38 hc y319 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x38 hc y318 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">\u0131da</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y31a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d7">de<span class="blank _c"> </span>presi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x10c hc y31a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d8">on<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>fue<span class="blank"> </span>obtenida<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>cinco<span class="blank"> </span>ni<span class="blank _1"></span>veles<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y31b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d9">\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>intervalo<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x10e hc y31b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d9">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>entre</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y31c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">1500<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>5000.</div><div class="t m0 x3b ha y31d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12e">Los<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x10f hc y31d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12e">on<span class="blank"> </span>obtenido<span class="blank"> </span>a</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y31e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cf">partir<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>p<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe2 ha y31e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cf">erdida<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>carga,<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>funci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5b ha y31e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1da">on<span class="blank _12"> </span>del<span class="blank _12"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf8 hc y31e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">umero</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y31f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1db">de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds,<span class="blank _1e"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>muestran<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _6c"> </span>(8)<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>las</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y320 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1dc">variantes<span class="blank _19"> </span>geom<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xaf h14 y320 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws67">etricas<span class="blank"> </span>analizadas.<span class="blank _6c"> </span>En<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>gr<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3a hc y320 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws67">a\ufb01co<span class="blank"> </span>se</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y321 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1dd">representa<span class="blank _6"> </span>adem<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf9 ha y321 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1de">as<span class="blank _6"> </span>la<span class="blank _13"> </span>ecuaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x10e hc y321 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1df">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Gnielinski<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>.<span class="blank"> </span>(2009),</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y322 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1e0">para<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x110 ha y322 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">anulos<span class="blank"> </span>lisos<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x111 hc y322 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">egimen<span class="blank"> </span>turbulento:</div><div class="t m0 x56 hc y323 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">1</div><div class="t m0 x112 h95 y324 ff75 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls9d">p<span class="ff8 lsd v16">f</span></div><div class="t m0 x23 h96 y325 ffb fs7 fc0 sc0 ls90">=<span class="ff1 lsd ws8">1<span class="ff50 ls91">.</span><span class="ws1e1">8<span class="blank"> </span>log<span class="fs8 ws1e2 v9">10<span class="blank"> </span></span></span><span class="ff8">Re<span class="ff5b fs8 ws1e3 v17">00<span class="blank"> </span></span><span class="ff5b ls96">\ue622</span></span><span class="ls8e">1</span><span class="ff50">.</span><span class="ws1e4">5<span class="blank"> </span>(4)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc7 h97 y326 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">Re<span class="ff5b fs8 ws1e5 v17">00<span class="blank"> </span></span><span class="ffb ls90">=</span><span class="ws1e6">Re<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1 ws1e7 vd">(1<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ffb ls96">+<span class="ff8 ls8e">a<span class="ff1 fs8 ls8 v2">2</span></span></span><span class="ws1e1">)<span class="blank"> </span>ln(</span></span></span><span class="vd">a<span class="ff1 ls95">)<span class="ffb ls93">+</span><span class="lsd ws1e7">(1<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff5b ls93">\ue622</span></span></span>a<span class="ff1 fs8 ls8 v2">2</span><span class="ff1">)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x105 h5a y327 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1e8">(1<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff5b ls96">\ue622<span class="ff8 ls8e">a</span></span><span class="ws8">)<span class="fs8 ls9e v11">2</span>ln(<span class="ff8">a</span><span class="ls9f">)</span><span class="v12">(5)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc7 h98 y328 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsa0">a<span class="ffb ls90">=<span class="ff75 lsa1 ws50 v18"> </span></span><span class="lsd ws8 vd">d<span class="fs8 vf">e</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xaf h99 y329 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls25">D<span class="fs8 lsa2 vf">i</span><span class="ff75 lsa3 v19">!</span><span class="ff1 lsd vd">(6)</span></div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y135 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf5">La<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _12"> </span>(8)<span class="blank"> </span>muestra<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>comportamiento<span class="blank"> </span>similar<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y136 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1d1">la<span class="blank"> </span>tendencia<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>curvas<span class="blank"> </span>respecto<span class="blank _12"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>representada</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y137 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1e9">para<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x113 h14 y137 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf0">anulos<span class="blank"> </span>lisos,<span class="blank _14"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>disminuci<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x57 hc y137 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf0">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y138 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ea">fricci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x113 ha y138 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws198">on<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>incremento<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x58 hc y138 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws152">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds.</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y139 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1eb">Las<span class="blank"> </span>series<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>puntos<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>cada<span class="blank"> </span>espiral<span class="blank"> </span>tienen<span class="blank"> </span>un</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y13a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ec">comportamiento<span class="blank _24"> </span>asint<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x114 hc y13a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ed">otico,<span class="blank"> </span>t</div><div class="t m0 xc5 hc y13b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xc5 hc y13a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ee">\u0131pico<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>sistema</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y13c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws88">turbulento.<span class="blank _5d"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>diferencia<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>valores<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>f<span class="blank _a"></span>actor</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ef">de<span class="blank _12"> </span>fricci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x26 ha y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsc4">on<span class="blank"> </span>obtenidos<span class="blank"> </span>experimentalmente<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank _14"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x61 hc y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">anulos</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y162 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws62">lisos<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>referidos<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>ecuaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc5 hc y162 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws62">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Gnielinski,<span class="blank"> </span>tiene</div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y64 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsfe">www<span class="blank _a"></span>.rmiq.or<span class="blank _a"></span>g<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1">155</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x41 y32a w3 h9a" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f276d114-c5d8-4ddb-a786-531bab0dbb72/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 xa hc y67 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Imbert-Gonz<span class="blank _8"> </span>´<span class="blank _21"></span>alez<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>col.<span class="ffb ls24">/</span><span class="ff1">Revista<span class="blank"> </span>Me<span class="blank _a"></span>xicana<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ws8">I</span>ngenier</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws51">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ls25">Q</span>u</div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131mica<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>ol.<span class="blank"> </span>15,<span class="blank"> </span>No.<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>(2016)<span class="blank"> </span>149-159</div><div class="t m0 xd2 hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">T<span class="blank _d"></span>abla<span class="blank"> </span>3.<span class="blank _12"> </span>Incertidumbre<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>instrumentos<span class="blank"> </span>empleados</div><div class="c x8e y32b w30 h9b"><div class="t m0 xce h9c y32c ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x68 h9c y32d ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">6</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x8e y32b w30 h9b"><div class="t m0 xce h9c y32e ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x76 h9c y32f ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 3. Inc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dum</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bre</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rum</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dos</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x8e y330 w31 h9d"><div class="t m0 x70 h9e y331 ff77 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Instrumento </div></div><div class="c x55 y330 w32 h9d"><div class="t m0 x70 h9e y331 ff77 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Magnitud </div></div><div class="c xae y330 w33 h9d"><div class="t m0 x70 h9e y331 ff77 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Error </div></div><div class="c x8e y332 w31 h9f"><div class="t m0 x70 h9c y333 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Termistor </div></div><div class="c x55 y332 w32 h9f"><div class="t m0 x70 h9c y333 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Temperatura del flujo </div></div><div class="c xae y332 w33 h9f"><div class="t m0 x70 ha0 y334 ff78 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws1f0">±<span class="ff76 ws50"> 0.1<span class="fs3d lsb6 v6">º</span>C </span></div></div><div class="c x8e y335 w31 h9f"><div class="t m0 x70 h9c y333 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Manómetro Diferencial </div></div><div class="c x55 y335 w32 h9f"><div class="t m0 x70 h9c y333 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Diferencia de presión </div></div><div class="c xae y335 w33 h9f"><div class="t m0 x70 ha0 y334 ff78 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws1f0">±<span class="ff76 ws50"> 3.0%<span class="fs3d lsb7 v6">*</span> </span></div></div><div class="c x8e y336 w31 h9f"><div class="t m0 x70 h9c y337 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Flujómetro </div></div><div class="c x55 y336 w32 h9f"><div class="t m0 x70 h9c y337 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Gasto másico </div></div><div class="c xae y336 w33 h9f"><div class="t m0 x70 ha1 y334 ff78 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws1f0">±<span class="ff76 ws50"> 0.23%<span class="fs3d lsb7 v6">*</span> </span></div></div><div class="c x8e y338 w31 ha2"><div class="t m0 x70 h9c y339 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Calibre </div></div><div class="c x55 y338 w32 ha2"><div class="t m0 x70 h9c y339 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Longitud </div></div><div class="c xae y338 w33 ha2"><div class="t m0 x70 h9c y33a ff78 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws1f0">±<span class="ff76 ws50"> 0.0001 m </span></div></div><div class="c x8e y32b w30 h9b"><div class="t m0 xce ha3 y33b ff76 fs3d fc0 sc0 lsb8 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span> <span class="lsb7">*<span class="fs3c lsd v1a"> Porcentaje de la lectura </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xce ha4 y33c ff79 fs3d fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xce h9c y33d ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x115 h9c y33e ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 4. Inc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dum</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bre</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rá</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ros</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> obt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ni</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dos</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xce h9c y33f ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x4 h9e y340 ff77 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">P</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ar</span><span class="fc3 sc0">áme</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tr</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _77"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">I</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">te</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">val</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ti</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">mb</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h9c y341 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ynol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ds</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _78"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">3.5 </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">8.1</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h9c y342 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Coe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _79"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">7.4 </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">10.1</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x8e y32b w30 h9b"><div class="t m0 xce h9c y343 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xce h9c y344 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xce h9c y345 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xce h9c y346 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h9c y347 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xce h9c y348 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 5. Cons</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">orre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">one</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gún l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x79 h9c y349 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd0 ws1f1"><span class="fc3 sc0">Ec.</span><span class="lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(7</span><span class="fc3 sc0">).</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xce h9c y34a ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x54 h9e y34b ff77 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Es</span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">al</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _67"> </span><span class="ff7a ws1f2"><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fs3d lsb9 ws50 v5"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span><span class="lsba"><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fs3d lsbb ws50 v5"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">R</span><span class="fc3 sc0">an</span><span class="fc3 sc0">go d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe3 h9e y34c ff77 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">R</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">yn</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe1 h9e y34b ff77 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">C</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">fi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">te</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x10e h9e y34c ff77 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">C</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ac</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x116 h9c y34d ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7a"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">264.7</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.99</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7c"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1 500 </span><span class="ff7b ws1f0"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">5 000</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7d"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">97.75</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x116 h9c y34e ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> = 0.5 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">515.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.03</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7c"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1 500 </span><span class="ff7b ws1f0"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 5 000</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7d"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">97.07</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x64 h9c y34f ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> = 1 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7f"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">119.7</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.73</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7c"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1 500 </span><span class="ff7b ws1f0"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 5 000</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7d"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">97.68</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x116 h9c y350 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> = 1.5 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">368.2</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.84</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7c"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1 500 </span><span class="ff7b ws1f0"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 5 000</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7d"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">96.71</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x8e y32b w30 h9b"><div class="t m0 x25 h9c y351 ff76 fs3c fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 xee ha y352 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">T<span class="blank _d"></span>abla<span class="blank"> </span>4.<span class="blank _12"> </span>Incertidumbre<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>par<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y352 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">ametros<span class="blank"> </span>obtenidos</div><div class="c x4 y353 w34 ha5"><div class="t m0 x117 ha6 y354 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x118 ha6 y355 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">6</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x4 y353 w34 ha5"><div class="t m0 x117 ha6 y356 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xec ha6 y357 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 3. Inc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dum</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bre</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rum</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dos</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x119 ha7 y358 ff7d fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">I</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tr</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">me</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">to</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _80"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">M</span><span class="fc3 sc0">agn</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tu</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _81"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Er</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x119 ha8 y359 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _82"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _83"> </span><span class="ff7e ws1f3 v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0">±</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.1</span></span><span class="fs3f lsbc v17"><span class="fc3 sc0">º</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0">C</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x119 ha8 y35a ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">M</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nóm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro D</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _28"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _84"> </span><span class="ff7e ws1f3 v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0">±</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">3.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span></span><span class="fs3f lsbd v17"><span class="fc3 sc0">*</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x119 ha8 y35b ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">óm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _85"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">G</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _86"> </span><span class="ff7e ws1f3 v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0">±</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.23%</span></span><span class="fs3f lsbd v17"><span class="fc3 sc0">*</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x119 ha6 y35c ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Ca</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bre</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _79"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">L</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ongi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ud</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _87"> </span><span class="ff7e ws1f3 v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0">±</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0">001 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div></div><div class="c x4 y353 w34 ha5"><div class="t m0 x117 ha9 y35d ff7c fs3f fc0 sc0 lsbe ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="lsbd"><span class="fc3 sc0">*</span><span class="fs3e lsd v1a"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">P</span><span class="fc3 sc0">orc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">j</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x117 haa y35e ff7f fs3f fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x117 ha6 y35f ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x86 ha6 y360 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 4. Inc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dum</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bre</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rá</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ros</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> obt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ni</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dos</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x117 ha6 y361 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x4 y362 w35 hab"><div class="t m0 x67 ha7 y363 ff7d fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Parámetro </div></div><div class="c x4d y362 w36 hab"><div class="t m0 x87 ha7 y363 ff7d fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Intervalo de la incertidumbre </div></div><div class="c x4 y364 w35 hab"><div class="t m0 x67 ha6 y365 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Reynolds </div></div><div class="c x4d y364 w36 hab"><div class="t m0 xd0 ha6 y365 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">3.5 - 8.1% </div></div><div class="c x4 y366 w35 hab"><div class="t m0 x67 ha6 y365 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Coeficiente de fricción </div></div><div class="c x4d y366 w36 hab"><div class="t m0 x6d ha6 y365 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">7.4 - 10.1% </div></div><div class="c x4 y353 w34 ha5"><div class="t m0 x117 ha6 y367 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x117 ha6 y368 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x117 ha6 y369 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x117 ha6 y36a ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xfe ha6 y36b ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x117 ha6 y36c ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 5. Cons</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">orre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">one</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gún l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x92 ha6 y36d ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd1 ws1f4"><span class="fc3 sc0">Ec.</span><span class="lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(7</span><span class="fc3 sc0">).</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x117 ha6 y36e ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x8e ha7 y36f ff7d fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Es</span><span class="fc3 sc0">p</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">al</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _66"> </span><span class="ff80 ws1f5"><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fs3f lsbf ws50 vf"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span><span class="lsc0"><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fs3f lsc1 ws50 vf"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></span></span><span class="fc3 sc0">R</span><span class="fc3 sc0">an</span><span class="fc3 sc0">go d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x45 ha7 y370 ff7d fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">R</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">yn</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x10e ha7 y36f ff7d fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">C</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">fi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">te</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe7 ha7 y370 ff7d fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">C</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ac</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x64 ha6 y371 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _88"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">264.7</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _89"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.99</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8a"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1 500 </span><span class="ff81 ws1f3"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">5 000</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _48"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">97.75</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x64 ha6 y372 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> = 0.5 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _63"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">515.5</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _89"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">1.03</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7c"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1 500 </span><span class="ff81 ws1f3"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 5 000</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">97.07</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x16 ha6 y373 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> = 1 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8c"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">119.7</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _89"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.73</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8a"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1 500 </span><span class="ff81 ws1f3"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 5 000</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _48"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">97.68</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x64 ha6 y374 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> = 1.5 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _63"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">368.2</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _89"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.84</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _7c"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">1 500 </span><span class="ff81 ws1f3"><span class="fc3 sc0">\u2212</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 5 000</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8b"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">96.71</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x4 y353 w34 ha5"><div class="t m0 xfe ha6 y375 ff7c fs3e fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x2a ha y376 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">T<span class="blank _d"></span>abla<span class="blank"> </span>5.<span class="blank _12"> </span>Constantes<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>correlaciones<span class="blank"> </span>particulares<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01ciente<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x63 ha y376 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>seg<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x24 hc y376 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">un<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Ec.<span class="blank _c"> </span>(7)</div><div class="c x41 y377 w37 hac"><div class="t m0 x108 had y378 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x104 had y379 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">6</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x41 y377 w37 hac"><div class="t m0 x108 had y37a ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7c had y37b ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 3. Inc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dum</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bre</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ns</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rum</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dos</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x53 hae y37c ff83 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">I</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tr</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">me</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">to</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8d"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">M</span><span class="fc3 sc0">agn</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tu</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8e"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Er</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x53 haf y37d ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">or</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _8f"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _90"> </span><span class="ff84 ws1f6 v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0">±</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.1</span></span><span class="fs41 lsc2 v17"><span class="fc3 sc0">º</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0">C</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x53 haf y37e ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">M</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nóm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro D</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _91"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">D</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _92"> </span><span class="ff84 ws1f6 v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0">±</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">3.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span></span><span class="fs41 lsc3 v17"><span class="fc3 sc0">*</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x53 haf y37f ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">uj</span><span class="fc3 sc0">óm</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ro</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _93"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">G</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">á</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _94"> </span><span class="ff84 ws1f6 v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0">±</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.23%</span></span><span class="fs41 lsc4 v17"><span class="fc3 sc0">*</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x53 had y380 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Ca</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bre</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _95"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">L</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ongi</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ud</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _96"> </span><span class="ff84 ws1f6 v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0">±</span></span><span class="v1b"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">0.0</span><span class="fc3 sc0">001 m</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div></div><div class="c x41 y377 w37 hac"><div class="t m0 x108 hb0 y381 ff82 fs41 fc0 sc0 lsc5 ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="lsc3"><span class="fc3 sc0">*</span><span class="fs40 lsd v1a"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">P</span><span class="fc3 sc0">orc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">j</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x108 hb1 y382 ff85 fs41 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x108 had y383 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x91 had y384 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 4. Inc</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dum</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bre</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">os</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rá</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ros</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> obt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ni</span><span class="fc3 sc0">dos</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x108 had y385 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x2b hae y386 ff83 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">P</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ar</span><span class="fc3 sc0">áme</span><span class="fc3 sc0">tr</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _97"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">I</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">te</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">val</span><span class="fc3 sc0">o d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">n</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ti</span><span class="fc3 sc0">d</span><span class="fc3 sc0">u</span><span class="fc3 sc0">mb</span><span class="fc3 sc0">r</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2b had y387 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ynol</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ds</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _98"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">3.5 </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">8.1</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2b had y388 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">Coe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _99"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">7.4 </span><span class="fc3 sc0">-</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">10.1</span><span class="fc3 sc0">%</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x41 y377 w37 hac"><div class="t m0 x108 had y389 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x108 had y38a ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x108 had y38b ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x108 had y38c ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb5 had y38d ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x108 had y38e ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">T</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">bl</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 5. Cons</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">orre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">one</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">rt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ul</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gún l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x11a had y38f ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd2 ws1f7"><span class="fc3 sc0">Ec.</span><span class="lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(7</span><span class="fc3 sc0">).</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x108 had y390 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x41 y391 w38 hb2"><div class="t m0 x7a hae y392 ff83 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Espiral </div></div><div class="c x50 y391 w39 hb2"><div class="t m0 x8f hb3 y392 ff86 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1f8">m<span class="fs41 ws50 v5"> </span></div></div><div class="c x55 y391 w3a hb2"><div class="t m0 x81 hb3 y392 ff86 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsc6">n<span class="fs41 lsd ws50 v5"> </span></div></div><div class="c x18 y391 w3b hb2"><div class="t m0 x81 hae y392 ff83 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Rango del </div><div class="t m0 x87 hae y393 ff83 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Reynolds </div></div><div class="c xe5 y391 w3c hb2"><div class="t m0 x6e hae y392 ff83 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Coeficiente de </div><div class="t m0 x8a hae y393 ff83 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Correlación </div></div><div class="c x41 y394 w38 hb4"><div class="t m0 x6f had y395 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">ánulos lisos </div></div><div class="c x50 y394 w39 hb4"><div class="t m0 xe8 had y395 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">264.7 </div></div><div class="c x55 y394 w3a hb4"><div class="t m0 x6e had y395 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">-0.99 </div></div><div class="c x18 y394 w3b hb4"><div class="t m0 x80 had y395 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1 500 <span class="ff87 ws1f6">\u2212</span> 5 000 </div></div><div class="c xe5 y394 w3c hb4"><div class="t m0 xec had y395 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">97.75% </div></div><div class="c x41 y396 w38 hb5"><div class="t m0 x6f had y397 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">e = 0.5 mm </div></div><div class="c x50 y396 w39 hb5"><div class="t m0 xe8 had y397 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">515.5 </div></div><div class="c x55 y396 w3a hb5"><div class="t m0 x6e had y397 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">-1.03 </div></div><div class="c x18 y396 w3b hb5"><div class="t m0 x80 had y397 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1 500 <span class="ff87 ws1f6">\u2212</span> 5 000 </div></div><div class="c xe5 y396 w3c hb5"><div class="t m0 xec had y397 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">97.07% </div></div><div class="c x41 y398 w38 hb6"><div class="t m0 x6b had y393 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">e = 1 mm </div></div><div class="c x50 y398 w39 hb6"><div class="t m0 xe8 had y393 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">119.7 </div></div><div class="c x55 y398 w3a hb6"><div class="t m0 x6e had y393 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">-0.73 </div></div><div class="c x18 y398 w3b hb6"><div class="t m0 x80 had y393 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1 500 <span class="ff87 ws1f6">\u2212</span> 5 000 </div></div><div class="c xe5 y398 w3c hb6"><div class="t m0 xec had y393 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">97.68% </div></div><div class="c x41 y399 w38 hb6"><div class="t m0 x6f had y393 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">e = 1.5 mm </div></div><div class="c x50 y399 w39 hb6"><div class="t m0 xe8 had y393 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">368.2 </div></div><div class="c x55 y399 w3a hb6"><div class="t m0 x6e had y393 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">-0.84 </div></div><div class="c x18 y399 w3b hb6"><div class="t m0 x80 had y393 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">1 500 <span class="ff87 ws1f6">\u2212</span> 5 000 </div></div><div class="c xe5 y399 w3c hb6"><div class="t m0 xec had y393 ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">96.71% </div></div><div class="c x41 y377 w37 hac"><div class="t m0 xb5 had y39a ff82 fs40 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"> </div></div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y39b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14d">su<span class="blank"> </span>causa<span class="blank"> </span>fundamental<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>perturbaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x11b hc y39b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14d">on<span class="blank"> </span>prov<span class="blank _a"></span>ocada</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y39c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws11c">por<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>elementos<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>soporte<span class="blank"> </span>destinados<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>mantener</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y39d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1f9">la<span class="blank"> </span>concentricidad<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank _70"> </span>El<span class="blank"> </span>comportamiento<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y39e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws61">valores<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>f<span class="blank _a"></span>actor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y39e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws61">on<span class="blank"> </span>permite<span class="blank"> </span>corroborar<span class="blank"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y39f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1fa">niv<span class="blank _a"></span>el<span class="blank _12"> </span>de<span class="blank _12"> </span>p<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xfc ha y39f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1fb">erdida<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>presi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x20 ha y39f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1fc">on<span class="blank _12"> </span>depende<span class="blank _12"> </span>b<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x27 hc y39f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1fb">asicamente<span class="blank"> </span>del</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3a0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1fd">di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x30 hc y3a0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws2b">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>hilo<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ws8">e</span><span class="ws1bb">)<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>espiral<span class="blank"> </span>incorporada.<span class="blank _c"> </span>En<span class="blank"> </span>todos</span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3a1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws53">los<span class="blank"> </span>casos<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>cuenta<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>mismo<span class="blank"> </span>paso<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>espirales</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3a2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls72">(<span class="ff8 lsd ws8">P</span><span class="lsd wsf4">),<span class="blank"> </span>lo<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>identi\ufb01ca<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>menor<span class="blank"> </span>valor<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x65 hc y3a2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">ametro</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y3a3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cd">de<span class="blank"> </span>hilo<span class="blank"> </span>implica<span class="blank"> </span>menor<span class="blank"> </span>p<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa0 hc y3a3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cd">erdida<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>carga.<span class="blank _12"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>in\ufb02uencia</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3a4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1fe">de<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 lsc7">e</span>)<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xcd hc y3a4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1fe">on<span class="blank"> </span>disminuye<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>medida</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3a5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws117">que<span class="blank"> </span>aumenta<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2f hc y3a5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws117">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds.<span class="blank _26"> </span>En<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>tabla</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3a6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ff">3<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>presenta<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>incertidumbre<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>instrumentos</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3a7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">empleados<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>mediciones<span class="blank"> </span>efectuadas.</div><div class="t m0 x2e ha y3a8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws200">La<span class="blank"> </span>incertidumbre<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>par<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x11c hc y3a8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws200">ametros<span class="blank"> </span>determinados</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y3a9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws201">se<span class="blank _5d"> </span>realiz<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h14 y3a9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws202">o<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 hc y3a9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws202">etodo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Kline<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>McClintock</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3aa ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws203">(1953),<span class="blank _18"> </span>a<span class="blank _19"> </span>trav<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x116 ha y3aa ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws204">es<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>propagaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x83 hc y3aa ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws204">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>errores.<span class="blank _27"> </span>Los</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3ab ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws205">valores<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>muestran<span class="blank _16"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>tabla<span class="blank"> </span>4.<span class="blank _1d"> </span>En<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _1c"> </span>(8)</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3ac ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws206">se<span class="blank"> </span>representa<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>incertidumbre<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01ciente<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3ad ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws73">fricci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x52 hc y3ad ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>barras<span class="blank"> </span>verticales<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>cada<span class="blank"> </span>punto.</div><div class="t m0 x2e h14 y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws207">A<span class="blank"> </span>partir<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>valores<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>f<span class="blank _a"></span>actor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws208">observado<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _14"> </span>(8),<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>obtuvieron<span class="blank"> </span>ecuaciones<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws209">regresi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2a hc y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws20a">on<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>modelo<span class="blank"> </span>no<span class="blank"> </span>lineal<span class="blank"> </span>similar<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Blasius</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y39b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">para<span class="blank"> </span>cada<span class="blank"> </span>espiral:</div><div class="t m0 x11d hb7 y3ae ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls5e">f<span class="ffb ls90">=</span><span class="lsd ws8">mRe<span class="fs8 lsc8 v17">n</span><span class="ff1">(7)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y3af ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws75">En<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>tabla<span class="blank"> </span>5<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>muestran<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01cientes<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>n,</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y3b0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws152">obtenidos<span class="blank"> </span>mediante<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>procedimiento<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>ajuste.<span class="blank _23"> </span>Los</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y3b1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsda">coe\ufb01cientes<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>regresi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x10a hc y3b1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsda">on<span class="blank"> </span>obtenidos<span class="blank"> </span>indican<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>los</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y3b2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdf">modelos<span class="blank"> </span>ajustados,<span class="blank _19"> </span>tienen<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>ajuste<span class="blank"> </span>superior<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>96%</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y3b3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">respecto<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>valores<span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _a"></span>xperimentales.</div><div class="t m0 x3b ha y3b4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws10b">Por<span class="blank"> </span>medio<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>an<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x111 hc y3b4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws10b">alisis<span class="blank"> </span>dimensional<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>aplicando</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y3b5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws20b">el<span class="blank"> </span>teorema<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Buckingham<span class="blank"> </span>(1914),<span class="blank _16"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>obtuvo<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y3b6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws20c">relaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x39 hc y3b6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws20d">on<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 lsc7">e<span class="ff50 lsc9">/</span><span class="ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span></span>),<span class="blank"> </span>constituye<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>variable<span class="blank"> </span>representati<span class="blank _a"></span>va</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y3b7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws192">en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>incremento<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x105 hc y3b8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x105 ha y3b7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws192">\u0131da<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>presi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x96 hc y3b7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws192">on,<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>incorporar</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y3b9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws58">las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>espacio<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank _7"> </span>Las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y3ba ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws20e">ensayadas<span class="blank _15"> </span>son<span class="blank _15"> </span>geom<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe5 hc y3ba ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws20f">etricamente<span class="blank"> </span>semejantes,<span class="blank _1e"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>lo</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y3bb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws210">que<span class="blank"> </span>es<span class="blank"> </span>posible<span class="blank"> </span>obtener<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank _1e"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xc4 ha y3bb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws211">unica<span class="blank _18"> </span>ecuaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x3d hc y3bb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws210">on<span class="blank"> </span>general</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y3bc ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws153">para<span class="blank"> </span>correlacionar<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y3bd ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b1">espirales<span class="blank"> </span>ensayadas.<span class="blank _23"> </span>Esta<span class="blank"> </span>correlaci<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 ha y3bd ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws212">on<span class="blank _14"> </span>es<span class="blank _14"> </span>v<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x68 hc y3bd ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b1">alida<span class="blank"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y3be ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cd">cualquier<span class="blank"> </span>espiral<span class="blank"> </span>dentro<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>intervalo<span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _a"></span>valuado<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>este</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y3bf ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">estudio.</div><div class="t m0 x3b ha y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsca">V<span class="lsd v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x39 hc y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws213">alida<span class="blank _e"> </span>para:<span class="blank _12"> </span>1500<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff50 lscb"><</span><span class="ff8 ws214">Re<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff50 lscb"><</span></span><span class="ws215">5000,<span class="blank _c"> </span>5<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff50 lscc"><</span><span class="ff8 ws216">Pr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff50 lscb"><</span></span><span class="ws217">8<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>para</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">espiras<span class="blank"> </span>donde<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 lscd">P<span class="ffb ls90">=</span></span><span class="ws8">0<span class="ff50 ls91">.</span><span class="ls60">5<span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 lsce vf">h</span></span></span></span>y<span class="blank"> </span>0.5<span class="blank"> </span>mm<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff50 ls90"><<span class="ff8 ls83">e</span><span class="lscf"><</span></span>1.5<span class="blank"> </span>mm.</div><div class="t m0 x75 hc y64 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsae">156<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws8">www<span class="blank _a"></span>.rmiq.or<span class="blank _a"></span>g</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y3c0 w3d hb8" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f276d114-c5d8-4ddb-a786-531bab0dbb72/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x51 hc y67 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Imbert-Gonz<span class="blank _8"> </span>´<span class="blank _21"></span>alez<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>col.<span class="ffb ls3c">/</span><span class="ff1">Revista<span class="blank"> </span>Me<span class="blank _a"></span>xicana<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ws8">I</span>ngenier</span></div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws51">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ls25">Q</span>u</div><div class="t m0 x3e hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x3e hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131mica<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>ol.<span class="blank"> </span>15,<span class="blank"> </span>No.<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>(2016)<span class="blank"> </span>149-159</div><div class="c x0 y3c1 w3e hb9"><div class="t m0 x11e hba y3c2 ff88 fs42 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y92 w5 h1a"><div class="t m0 x11f hba y3c3 ff88 fs42 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">7</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x32 y3c4 w3f hbb"><div class="t m13 x3 hbc y3c5 ff89 fs43 fc0 sc0 lse9 ws50">-10<span class="blank _2"> </span> %</div></div><div class="c xa2 y3c6 w40 hbd"><div class="t m13 x3 hbc y3c7 ff89 fs43 fc0 sc0 lsea ws50">+10<span class="blank _2"> </span> %</div></div><div class="c x0 y3c1 w3e hb9"><div class="t m13 x6e hbe y3c8 ff89 fs44 fc0 sc0 lsd">0</div><div class="t m13 x6f hbe y3c9 ff89 fs44 fc0 sc0 lseb ws218">0.1</div><div class="t m13 x6f hbe y3ca ff89 fs44 fc0 sc0 lseb ws218">0.2</div><div class="t m13 x6f hbe y3cb ff89 fs44 fc0 sc0 lseb ws218">0.3</div><div class="t m13 x6f hbe y3cc ff89 fs44 fc0 sc0 lseb ws218">0.4</div><div class="t m13 x6f hbe y3cd ff89 fs44 fc0 sc0 lseb ws218">0.5</div><div class="t m13 x6f hbe y3ce ff89 fs44 fc0 sc0 lseb ws218">0.6</div><div class="t m13 x6f hbe y3cf ff89 fs44 fc0 sc0 lseb ws218">0.7</div><div class="t m13 x6f hbe y3d0 ff89 fs44 fc0 sc0 lseb ws218">0.8</div><div class="t m13 x6f hbe y3d1 ff89 fs44 fc0 sc0 lseb ws218">0.9</div><div class="t m13 xe8 hbe y3d2 ff89 fs44 fc0 sc0 lsd3">0<span class="lseb ws218">0.1<span class="blank _76"> </span>0.<span class="blank"> </span>2<span class="blank _9a"> </span>0.3<span class="blank _76"> </span>0.<span class="blank"> </span>4<span class="blank _9a"> </span>0.5<span class="blank _9a"> </span>0.<span class="blank"> </span>6<span class="blank _76"> </span>0.<span class="blank"> </span>7<span class="blank _9a"> </span>0.8</span></div></div><div class="c x92 y3c1 w41 hbf"><div class="t m13 x3 hbe y3d3 ff8a fs44 fc0 sc0 lsec ws50">Factor<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>de fr<span class="blank _2"> </span>icción (<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff8b lsd4">f</span><span class="lsed"> ) co<span class="blank _a"></span>rr<span class="blank _2"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"></span>l<span class="blank _1"></span>ac<span class="blank _a"></span>ió<span class="blank _a"></span>n p<span class="blank _1"></span>rop<span class="blank _a"></span>ues<span class="blank _a"></span>ta</span></div></div><div class="c x0 y3d4 w42 hc0"><div class="t m14 x8b hc1 y3d5 ff8a fs45 fc0 sc0 lsee ws50">Factor<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>de f<span class="blank _2"> </span>r<span class="blank _2"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"> </span>cción <span class="blank _2"> </span>(<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"></span><span class="ff8b lsd5">f<span class="ff8a lsef"> ) ex<span class="blank _a"></span>perim<span class="blank _a"></span>enta<span class="blank _a"></span>l.</span></span></div></div><div class="c xb5 y3d6 w43 hc2"><div class="t m13 x95 hc3 y3d7 ff89 fs46 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Datos ex<span class="blank _a"></span>perimen<span class="blank _a"></span>tales</div><div class="t m13 x95 hc3 y3d8 ff89 fs46 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50">Correlaci<span class="blank _a"></span>ón propu<span class="blank _a"></span>esta</div></div><div class="c x0 y3c1 w3e hb9"><div class="t m0 x9e hba y3d9 ff88 fs42 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x101 hba y3da ff88 fs42 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">F</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">gura</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> 9</span><span class="fc3 sc0">. </span><span class="fc3 sc0">Com</span><span class="fc3 sc0">pa</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ra</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">re</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">oe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> de</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> f</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">i</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ón obt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ni</span><span class="fc3 sc0">do e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">xpe</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ri</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">m</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">nt</span><span class="fc3 sc0">e</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> y e</span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x120 hba y3db ff88 fs42 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0">pre</span><span class="fc3 sc0">di</span><span class="fc3 sc0">c</span><span class="fc3 sc0">ho por</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">l</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> e</span><span class="lsf0 ws219"><span class="fc3 sc0">c.</span></span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span><span class="fc3 sc0">(8</span><span class="fc3 sc0">) propue</span><span class="fc3 sc0">s</span><span class="fc3 sc0">t</span><span class="fc3 sc0">a</span><span class="ff8c"><span class="fc3 sc0">.</span><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hba y3dc ff88 fs42 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x11e hba y3dd ff88 fs42 fc0 sc0 lsd ws50"><span class="fc3 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y3de ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws21a">Fig.<span class="blank _12"> </span>9.<span class="blank _17"> </span>Comparaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x119 h14 y3de ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsee">on<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01ciente<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y3de ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3df ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws137">obtenido<span class="blank"> </span>experimentalmente<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>predicho<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Ec.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3e0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">(8)<span class="blank"> </span>propuesta.</div><div class="t m0 x47 h98 y3e1 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls5e">f<span class="ffb ls90">=<span class="ff1 lsd ws8">12130.0</span></span><span class="lsd ws21b">Re<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1 fs8 ws21c v17">-<span class="blank _6"> </span>0.85<span class="blank"> </span></span></span><span class="ff75 lsd6 ws50 v18"> </span><span class="lsd vd">e</span></div><div class="t m0 x31 hc4 y3e2 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls25">D<span class="fs8 lsd7 vf">h</span><span class="ff75 lsd8 v19">!</span><span class="ff1 fs8 lsd9 v1c">1<span class="ff50 lsda">.<span class="ff1 lsd">023</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd4 hc y3e1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">(8)</div><div class="t m0 x2e hc y3e3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws21d">La<span class="blank"> </span>Ec.<span class="blank _9b"> </span>(8)<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>propone<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>predecir<span class="blank"> </span>el</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3e4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws21e">factor<span class="blank _15"> </span>de<span class="blank _15"> </span>fricci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x16 hc y3e4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1c2">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>sistemas<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>basados<span class="blank"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3e5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cf">modelos<span class="blank"> </span>f</div><div class="t m0 x100 hc y3e6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xfc hc y3e5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cf">\u0131sicos<span class="blank"> </span>similares<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>estudiado<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>presente</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y3e7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws21f">in<span class="blank _a"></span>vestigaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x51 h14 y3e7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws220">on.<span class="blank _5e"> </span>Un<span class="blank _18"> </span>an<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y3e7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws221">alisis<span class="blank"> </span>estad</div><div class="t m0 x8c hc y3e8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x8c hc y3e7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws221">\u0131stico<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>datos</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3e9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws222">experimentales,<span class="blank"> </span>re<span class="blank _1"></span>vela<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01ciente<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>re<span class="blank _1"></span>gresi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y3e9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3ea ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">es<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>97.15%.</div><div class="t m0 x2e hc y3eb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws223">En<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>literatura<span class="blank"> </span>existente<span class="blank"> </span>sobre<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>empleo<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3ec ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws14d">espirales<span class="blank"> </span>como<span class="blank"> </span>turbulizador<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank _15"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>autores<span class="blank"> </span>no<span class="blank"> </span>brindan</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3ed ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws224">correlaciones<span class="blank _15"> </span>de<span class="blank _15"> </span>p<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x119 ha y3ed ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws225">erdida<span class="blank _15"> </span>de<span class="blank _15"> </span>presi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb3 ha y3ed ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd4">on,<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xd8 hc y3ed ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">unicamente</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3ee ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsda">re\ufb01eren<span class="blank"> </span>sus<span class="blank"> </span>resultados<span class="blank"> </span>experimentales.<span class="blank _26"> </span>Este<span class="blank"> </span>hecho</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3ef ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws226">fue<span class="blank _15"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">\u02dc</span></div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y3ef ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws227">nalado<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>Garc</div><div class="t m0 x25 hc y3f0 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x25 hc y3ef ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws228">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws227">y<span class="blank"> </span>col.<span class="blank _5e"> </span></span><span class="ws229">(2012)<span class="blank _15"> </span>y<span class="blank _18"> </span>C<span class="blank _9c"></span>¸<span class="blank"> </span>akmak</span></div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3f1 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws178">y<span class="blank"> </span>col<span class="ff1 ws22a">.<span class="blank _1a"> </span>(2012),<span class="blank _24"> </span>quienes<span class="blank _17"> </span>adem<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x83 hc y3f1 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws193">as<span class="blank"> </span>constataron<span class="blank"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3f2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">exist</div><div class="t m0 x4a hc y3f3 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x4a hc y3f2 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws192">\u0131an<span class="blank"> </span>discrepancias<span class="blank"> </span>signi\ufb01cativ<span class="blank _a"></span>as<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>distintas</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3f4 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16b">fuentes<span class="blank"> </span>disponibles.<span class="blank _24"> </span>Como<span class="blank"> </span>posibles<span class="blank"> </span>causas<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>estas</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3f5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws22b">diferencias<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">\u02dc</span></div><div class="t m0 x16 hc y3f5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws22b">nalan<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>vibraciones<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3f6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8a">producidas<span class="blank"> </span>durante<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>experimentaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x121 hc y3f6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8a">on,<span class="blank _16"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>holgura</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3f7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsfb">que<span class="blank"> </span>queda<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>pared<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3f8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">enrolladas<span class="blank"> </span>alrededor<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>interno.</div><div class="t m0 x2e hc y3f9 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws22c">En<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Fig.<span class="blank _9d"> </span>(9),<span class="blank _23"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>muestran<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>puntos<span class="blank"> </span>del</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3fa ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws22d">coe\ufb01ciente<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x72 hc y3fa ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws22d">on<span class="blank"> </span>obtenidos<span class="blank"> </span>experimentalmente</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3fb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws22e">respecto<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>valores<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>correlaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xd8 hc y3fb ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws22e">on<span class="blank"> </span>general</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y3fc ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17f">propuesta.<span class="blank _9e"> </span>Se<span class="blank"> </span>puede<span class="blank"> </span>observar<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>correlaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y3fc ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3fd ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws90">propuesta<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Ec.<span class="blank _9a"> </span>(8),<span class="blank _27"> </span>ajusta<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>v<span class="blank _1"></span>alores</div><div class="t m0 x0 ha y3fe ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws22f">experimentales<span class="blank"> </span>dentro<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>10%<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>su<span class="blank"> </span>desviaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xd4 hc y3fe ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on,</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3ff ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">representada<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>l</div><div class="t m0 x53 hc y400 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x53 hc y3ff ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131neas<span class="blank"> </span>discontinuas.</div><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y401 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsd">Conclusiones</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y13c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws230">Los<span class="blank"> </span>ensayos<span class="blank"> </span>desarrollados<span class="blank"> </span>permitieron<span class="blank"> </span>apreciar</div><div class="t m0 x0 h14 y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17b">diferencias<span class="blank"> </span>signi\ufb01cativ<span class="blank _a"></span>as<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>determinaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x32 hc y13d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17b">on<span class="blank"> </span>del</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws231">Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>cr</div><div class="t m0 x122 hc y402 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x122 ha y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf4">\u0131tico<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>espacios<span class="blank"> </span>anulares<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>inserci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y63 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17d">de<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>sistema<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ws8">d<span class="fs8 ls44 vf">e</span><span class="ff50 ls94">/</span><span class="ls25">D<span class="fs8 lsdb vf">i</span><span class="ffb lsdc">=</span></span></span>0.34),</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws232">en<span class="blank"> </span>dependencia<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>geometr</div><div class="t m0 x123 hc y1b7 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x123 hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws18c">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>las<span class="blank"> </span>espirales</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws233">insertadas<span class="blank"> </span>respecto<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>considerados<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>espacios</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y6b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws234">anulares<span class="blank"> </span>lisos.<span class="blank _1e"> </span>Se<span class="blank"> </span>obtuv<span class="blank _a"></span>o<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>ecuaci<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x98 hc y6b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws177">on<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>predecir</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y6c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws235">la<span class="blank _17"> </span>aparici<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x124 hc y6c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws111">on<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>cr</div><div class="t m0 x125 hc y403 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x125 h14 y6c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws111">\u0131tico<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank _24"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x126 hc y6c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws111">anulos<span class="blank"> </span>con</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y404 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17c">espirales<span class="blank"> </span>insertadas<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>una<span class="blank"> </span>desviaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x127 hc y404 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17c">on<span class="blank"> </span>media<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y6e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws133">2.49%<span class="blank"> </span>respecto<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>valores<span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _a"></span>xperimentales,<span class="blank _18"> </span>v<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x128 hc y6e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">alida</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y6f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws236">para<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ws8">e<span class="ff50 ls94">/</span><span class="ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span></span>)<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>0.012<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>0.037<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ws8">P<span class="blank _a"></span><span class="ff50 ls94">/<span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span><span class="ff1 lsd ws236">)<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>rango</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">entre<span class="blank"> </span>0.5<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>2.0.</div><div class="t m0 x3b hc y71 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws237">La<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 x124 hc y1b8 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x124 ha y71 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws238">\u0131da<span class="blank _23"> </span>de<span class="blank _24"> </span>presi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xed hc y71 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws237">on<span class="blank"> </span>determinada<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>sistema</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws239">de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank"> </span>present<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xea hc y72 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws239">o<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>incremento<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>insertar</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y405 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws223">espirales<span class="blank"> </span>alrededor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>pared<span class="blank"> </span>exterior<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y74 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws16b">interior<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank _24"> </span>Estos<span class="blank"> </span>incrementos<span class="blank"> </span>dependen<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>relaci<span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5d hc y74 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y75 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1fd">di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x42 hc y75 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws165">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>hilo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>espira<span class="blank"> </span>insertada<span class="blank"> </span>respecto</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y76 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws23a">al<span class="blank _1b"> </span>di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x113 ha y76 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws23b">ametro<span class="blank _1b"> </span>hidr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe4 hc y76 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws23c">aulico<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ws8">e<span class="ff50 ls94">/</span><span class="ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span></span>).<span class="blank _6d"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>in\ufb02uencia<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws47">esta<span class="blank"> </span>variable<span class="blank"> </span>decrece<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x111 hc y77 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws47">apidamente<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>medida<span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank"> </span>se</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y78 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws23d">incrementa<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x97 h14 y78 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws23d">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds.<span class="blank _9f"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span>ecuaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5d hc y78 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y406 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws23e">obtenida<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x40 ha y406 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws23e">alculo<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf8 hc y406 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws23e">on<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y7a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws13f">un<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo<span class="blank"> </span>circulando<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>espacio<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank"> </span>recto,<span class="blank _18"> </span>con</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y7b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws23f">espirales<span class="blank"> </span>insertadas<span class="blank"> </span>alrededor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>pared<span class="blank"> </span>exterior<span class="blank"> </span>del</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y7c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws122">tubo<span class="blank"> </span>interior<span class="blank"> </span>es<span class="blank"> </span>v<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x97 hc y7c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws122">alida<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>espirales<span class="blank"> </span>donde<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>cumpla</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y7d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b5">que<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>relaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x129 ha y7d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b5">on<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x63 hc y7d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b5">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>hilo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>espiral</div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 y7e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws122">insertada<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>di<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf9 h14 y7e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws240">ametro<span class="blank _e"> </span>hidr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x10e hc y7e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws122">aulico<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>sistema<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y8c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls26">(<span class="ff8 lsd ws8">e<span class="ff50 ls94">/</span><span class="ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls8 vf">h</span></span></span><span class="lsd wsf5">)<span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank"> </span>ubique<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>0.01241<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>0.0372,<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>paso</span></div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y80 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws45">entre<span class="blank"> </span>espiras<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>0.5<span class="blank _12"> </span><span class="ff8 ls25">D<span class="fs8 lsdd vf">h</span></span><span class="lsf1">yn</span></div><div class="t m0 xf7 hc y8d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x10e hc y80 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws45">umeros<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds<span class="blank"> </span>entre</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y81 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">1500<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>5000<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf9 hc y81 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">umeros<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Prandtl<span class="blank"> </span>entre<span class="blank"> </span>5<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>8.</div><div class="t m0 x33 h9 y407 ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 lsd">Agradecimientos</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y408 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws241">Se<span class="blank"> </span>agradece<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>apoyo<span class="blank"> </span>brindado<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Unidad</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y409 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws242">de<span class="blank _1e"> </span>Educaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x103 ha y409 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws39">on<span class="blank"> </span>Continua<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>por<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>Coordinaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xf8 hc y409 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws39">on<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y40a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws243">Refrigeraci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x112 hc y40a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws69">on<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>Bombas<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Calor<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>Instituto<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x33 hc y40b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">Energ</div><div class="t m0 xe3 hc y40c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xe3 ha y40b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws22b">\u0131as<span class="blank"> </span>Renov<span class="blank _a"></span>ables<span class="blank"> </span>(IER-UNAM)<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>realizaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x5d hc y40b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y40d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsda">de<span class="blank"> </span>esta<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank _a"></span>vestigaci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xdc hc y40d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsda">on<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>especial<span class="blank"> </span>al<span class="blank"> </span>Dr<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank _26"> </span>Jorge<span class="blank"> </span>I.</div><div class="t m0 x33 ha y40e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws244">Hern<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x110 hc y40e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">andez<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>el<span class="blank"> </span>Mtro.<span class="blank _c"> </span>Emilio<span class="blank"> </span>Arenas.</div><div class="t m0 x33 hf y40f ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">Nomenclatura</div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y410 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsde">a<span class="ff1 lsd ws20c">relaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe2 hc y410 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on<span class="blank"> </span>anular<span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8 ls8e">d<span class="fs8 ls44 vf">e</span><span class="ff50 lsc9">/</span><span class="ls25">D<span class="fs8 ls43 vf">i</span></span></span>),<span class="blank"> </span>adim</div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y411 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">d<span class="fs8 lsdf vf">e</span><span class="ff1 ws1fd">di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf3 hc y411 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>exterior<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>interior<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank"> </span>m</div><div class="t m0 x17 h14 y412 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">d<span class="fs8 lse0 vf">i</span><span class="ff1 ws1fd">di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf3 hc y412 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>interior<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>interior<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank"> </span>m</div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y413 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls25">D<span class="fs8 lse1 vf">e</span><span class="ff1 lsd ws1fd">di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf3 hc y413 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>exterior<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"></span>xterior<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank"> </span>m</div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y414 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls25">D<span class="fs8 lse2 vf">i</span><span class="ff1 lsd ws1fd">di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf3 hc y414 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>interior<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>tubo<span class="blank"> </span>exterior<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank"> </span>m</div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y415 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls25">D<span class="fs8 lse3 vf">h</span><span class="ff1 lsd ws1fd">di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf3 ha y415 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws158">ametro<span class="blank _e"> </span>hidr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xe0 hc y415 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">aulico,<span class="blank"> </span>m</div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y416 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lse4">e<span class="ff1 lsd ws1fd">di<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf3 ha y416 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">ametro<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>espiral<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>secci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x1f hc y416 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on<span class="blank"> </span>circular<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank"> </span>m</div><div class="t m0 x12a ha y417 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lse5">f<span class="ff1 lsd ws9">factor<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>fricci<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x62 hc y417 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Fanning,<span class="blank"> </span>adim</div><div class="t m0 x17 h14 y418 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lse6">L<span class="ff1 lsd ws17c">longitud<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>medici<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x58 hc y418 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17c">on<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>ca</div><div class="t m0 xdb hc y419 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xdb hc y418 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws17c">\u0131da<span class="blank"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x12b ha y41a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws245">presi<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x129 hc y41a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on,<span class="blank"> </span>m</div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y41b ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lse7">m<span class="ff1 lsd ws246">constante<span class="blank"> </span>determinada<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>criterio<span class="blank"> </span>de</span></div><div class="t m0 x12b hc y41c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">procesamiento<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>resultados.</div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y41d ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsde">n<span class="ff1 lsd ws246">constante<span class="blank"> </span>determinada<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank"> </span>criterio<span class="blank"> </span>de</span></div><div class="t m0 x12b hc y41e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">procesamiento<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank"> </span>resultados.</div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y41f ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lse8">P<span class="ff1 lsd ws234">paso,<span class="blank"> </span>distancia<span class="blank"> </span>para<span class="blank"> </span>producir<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>giro<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>360º</span></div><div class="t m0 x12b hc y420 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">en<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>espiral,<span class="blank"> </span>m</div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y64 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsfe">www<span class="blank _a"></span>.rmiq.or<span class="blank _a"></span>g<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1">157</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xa hc y67 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Imbert-Gonz<span class="blank _8"> </span>´<span class="blank _21"></span>alez<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>col.<span class="ffb ls24">/</span><span class="ff1">Revista<span class="blank"> </span>Me<span class="blank _a"></span>xicana<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ws8">I</span>ngenier</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws51">\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 ls25">Q</span>u</div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y68 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y67 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131mica<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>ol.<span class="blank"> </span>15,<span class="blank"> </span>No.<span class="blank"> </span>1<span class="blank"> </span>(2016)<span class="blank"> </span>149-159</div><div class="t m0 x91 ha y421 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws247">Pr<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1 lsf2">n<span class="lsd v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y421 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Prandtl,<span class="blank"> </span>adim</div><div class="t m0 x93 ha y422 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws248">Re<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1 lsf2">n<span class="lsd v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y422 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">umero<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Reynolds,<span class="blank"> </span>adim</div><div class="t m0 x93 hb y423 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsf3">V<span class="ff1 lsd ws9">velocidad<span class="blank"> </span>del<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ujo,<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank"> </span>s<span class="ff5b fs8 lsf4 v2">\ue622</span><span class="fs8 v2">1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h86 y424 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">S<span class="blank _1"></span>´<span class="blank _a0"></span>\u0131mbolos<span class="blank"> </span>grie<span class="blank _a"></span>gos</div><div class="t m0 x93 ha y425 ff50 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsf5">µ<span class="ff1 lsd ws249">viscosidad<span class="blank _e"> </span>din<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 hc y425 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">amica,<span class="blank"> </span>Pa-s</div><div class="t m0 x93 ha y426 ff4f fs7 fc0 sc0 lsf6">\u2713<span class="ff1 lsd v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x2d hc y426 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">angulo<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>la<span class="blank"> </span>espiral,<span class="blank"> </span>º</div><div class="t m0 x93 hb y427 ff4f fs7 fc0 sc0 lsf7">\u21e2<span class="ff1 lsd ws9">densidad,<span class="blank"> </span>kg<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="ff5b fs8 ws24a v2">\ue622<span class="ff1">3</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x93 hc y428 ff4e fs7 fc0 sc0 ls5a">\ue621<span class="ff8 lsf8">p<span class="ff1 lsd">ca</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x100 hc y429 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x100 h14 y428 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">\u0131da<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>presi<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xbc hc y428 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">on,<span class="blank"> </span>Pa</div><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y42a ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsd ws24b">Refer<span class="blank _1"></span>encias</div><div class="t m0 x93 hc y42b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws222">Bergles,<span class="blank"> </span>A.E.,<span class="blank"> </span>Nirmalan,<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>.,<span class="blank"> </span>Junkhan,<span class="blank"> </span>G.H.<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank _e"> </span>W<span class="blank _a"></span>ebb,</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y42c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12d">R.L.<span class="blank"> </span>(1983).<span class="blank _71"> </span><span class="ff8">Bibliogr<span class="blank _1"></span>aphy<span class="blank"> </span>on<span class="blank"> </span>Augmentation</span></div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y42d ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws24c">of<span class="blank"> </span>Con<span class="blank _a"></span>vective<span class="blank"> </span>Heat<span class="blank"> </span>and<span class="blank"> </span>Mass<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>ransfer-II<span class="ff1">.</span></div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y42e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws24d">Bibliographic<span class="blank"> </span>Report,<span class="blank _17"> </span>Io<span class="blank _1"></span>wa<span class="blank"> </span>State<span class="blank"> </span>Uni<span class="blank _a"></span>versity<span class="blank _a"></span>,</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y42f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">USA.</div><div class="t m0 x93 hc y430 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws24e">Buckingham,<span class="blank _23"> </span>E.<span class="blank"> </span>(1914).<span class="blank _9d"> </span>On<span class="blank"> </span>physically<span class="blank"> </span>similar</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y431 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws62">systems.<span class="blank _16"> </span>Illustrations<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>the<span class="blank"> </span>use<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>dimensional</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y432 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws24f">equations.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws9">Physical<span class="blank"> </span>Revie<span class="blank _1"></span>w<span class="blank"> </span>4<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>345-376.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x93 h14 y433 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws250">C<span class="blank _6e"></span>¸<span class="blank _6"> </span>akmak,<span class="blank"> </span>G.,<span class="blank"> </span>L<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">¨</span></div><div class="t m0 x119 h14 y433 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws251">ut\ufb01Y<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">¨</span></div><div class="t m0 xf hc y433 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws252">ucel<span class="blank"> </span>H.,<span class="blank _1d"> </span>Argunhan,<span class="blank _1c"> </span>Z.<span class="blank"> </span>y</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y434 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws32">Cengiz,<span class="blank _16"> </span>Y<span class="blank _22"></span>.<span class="blank"> </span>(2012).<span class="blank _17"> </span>Experimental<span class="blank"> </span>inv<span class="blank _a"></span>estigation</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y435 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws253">of<span class="blank"> </span>Thermal<span class="blank"> </span>Performance<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>Concentric-</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y436 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws254">T<span class="blank _a"></span>ube<span class="blank"> </span>Heat<span class="blank"> </span>Exchanger<span class="blank"> </span>with<span class="blank"> </span>W<span class="blank _a"></span>a<span class="blank _a"></span>vy<span class="blank"> </span>Inner<span class="blank"> </span>Pipe.</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y437 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws255">International<span class="blank"> </span>Journal<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>Thermophysics<span class="blank"> </span>33<span class="ff1">,</span></div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y438 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">1055-1067.</div><div class="t m0 x93 hc y439 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws256">Chen,<span class="blank"> </span>B.,<span class="blank"> </span>Hob,<span class="blank"> </span>K.,<span class="blank"> </span>Qina,<span class="blank"> </span>F<span class="blank _d"></span>.G,<span class="blank _27"> </span>Jianga,<span class="blank"> </span>R.,</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y43a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws257">Abakrb,<span class="blank"> </span>Y<span class="blank _22"></span>.A.,<span class="blank"> </span>Chanb,<span class="blank"> </span>A.<span class="blank"> </span>(2015).V<span class="blank _22"></span>alidation<span class="blank"> </span>and</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y43b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws28">visualization<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>decaying<span class="blank"> </span>vorte<span class="blank _a"></span>x<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02ow<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank"> </span>an</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y43c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws258">annulus.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws9">Ener<span class="blank _a"></span>gy<span class="blank"> </span>Pr<span class="blank _1"></span>ocedia<span class="blank"> </span>75<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>3098-3104.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x93 hc y43d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1ac">Fernandez,<span class="blank"> </span>J.,<span class="blank _14"> </span>Uhia,<span class="blank _12"> </span>F<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank"> </span>J.<span class="blank"> </span>(2012).<span class="blank _1e"> </span>Heat<span class="blank"> </span>transfer<span class="blank"> </span>and</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y43e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws259">friction<span class="blank"> </span>characteristics<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>spirally<span class="blank"> </span>corrugated</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y43f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws25a">tubes<span class="blank"> </span>for<span class="blank"> </span>outer<span class="blank"> </span>ammonia<span class="blank"> </span>condensation.</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y440 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsf8">International<span class="blank"> </span>Journal<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>Refrig<span class="blank _a"></span>eration<span class="blank"> </span>35<span class="ff1 ws98">,<span class="blank"> </span>2022-</span></div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y441 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">2032.</div><div class="t m0 x93 ha y442 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws25b">Flores,<span class="blank _19"> </span>O.,<span class="blank _18"> </span>V<span class="blank _d"></span>el<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x54 hc y442 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws143">azquez,<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>.,<span class="blank"> </span>Meza,<span class="blank"> </span>M.,<span class="blank"> </span>Horacio,<span class="blank"> </span>H.,</div><div class="t m0 x4b ha y443 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws25c">Ju<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa ha y443 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws12b">arez,<span class="blank"> </span>D.,<span class="blank"> </span>Hern<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xfa ha y443 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws25d">andez,<span class="blank _e"> </span>J.<span class="blank _13"> </span>A.<span class="blank _e"> </span>(2013).<span class="blank _c"> </span>Estimaci<span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x4d hc y443 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">on</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y444 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws25e">del<span class="blank"> </span>coe\ufb01ciente<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>transferencia<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>calor<span class="blank"> </span>global</div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y445 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws60">a<span class="blank"> </span>bajas<span class="blank"> </span>presiones<span class="blank"> </span>en<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>condensador<span class="blank"> </span>helicoidal</div><div class="t m0 x4b h14 y446 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1cf">integrado<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank"> </span>transformador<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xb2 hc y446 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws25f">ermico.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws8">Revista</span></div><div class="t m0 x4b hc y447 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Mexicana<span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank"> </span>Ing<span class="blank _1"></span>enier<span class="blank _1"></span>´<span class="blank _a0"></span>\u0131a<span class="blank"> </span>Qu<span class="blank _1"></span>´<span class="blank _a0"></span>\u0131mica<span class="blank"> </span>12<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>303-313.</span></div><div class="t m0 x93 hc y448 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">Garc</div><div class="t m0 x4e hc y449 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">´</div><div class="t m0 x12c hc y448 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws260">\u0131a,<span class="blank"> </span>A.,<span class="blank"> </span>Solano,<span class="blank"> </span>J.P<span class="blank _22"></span>.,<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _a"></span>icente,<span class="blank"> </span>P<span class="blank _d"></span>.G.,<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _a"></span>iedma,<span class="blank"> </span>A.</div><div class="t m0 x12c hc y44a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws254">(2012).<span class="blank _26"> </span>The<span class="blank"> </span>in\ufb02uence<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>arti\ufb01cial<span class="blank"> </span>roughness</div><div class="t m0 x12c hc y44b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1b3">shape<span class="blank"> </span>on<span class="blank"> </span>heat<span class="blank"> </span>transfer<span class="blank"> </span>enhancement:<span class="blank _c"> </span>Corrugated</div><div class="t m0 x12c hc y44c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdf">tubes,<span class="blank _19"> </span>dimpled<span class="blank"> </span>tubes<span class="blank"> </span>and<span class="blank"> </span>wire<span class="blank"> </span>coils.<span class="blank _27"> </span><span class="ff8">Applied</span></div><div class="t m0 x12c hc y44d ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Thermal<span class="blank"> </span>Engineering<span class="blank"> </span>35<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>1359-4311.</span></div><div class="t m0 x93 hc y238 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws105">Gnielinski,<span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _22"></span>.<span class="blank"> </span>(2009).<span class="blank _1b"> </span>Heat<span class="blank"> </span>transfer<span class="blank"> </span>coe<span class="ff8d ws8">\ufb03</span>cients<span class="blank"> </span>for</div><div class="t m0 x12c hc y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsdb">turbulent<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02o<span class="blank _a"></span>w<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank"> </span>concentric<span class="blank"> </span>annular<span class="blank"> </span>ducts.<span class="blank _c"> </span><span class="ff8">Heat</span></div><div class="t m0 x12c hc y63 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">T<span class="blank _a"></span>ransfer<span class="blank"> </span>Engineering<span class="blank"> </span>30<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>431-436.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y69 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws5c">Haghighi,<span class="blank"> </span>E.<span class="blank _12"> </span>B.,<span class="blank"> </span>Saleemi,<span class="blank"> </span>M.,<span class="blank"> </span>Nikkam,<span class="blank"> </span>N.,<span class="blank"> </span>Anwar<span class="blank _a"></span>,</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y6a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws55">Z.,<span class="blank"> </span>Lumbreras,<span class="blank"> </span>I.,<span class="blank"> </span>Behi,<span class="blank"> </span>M.,<span class="blank"> </span>Mirmohammadi,<span class="blank"> </span>S.</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y6b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws261">A.,<span class="blank"> </span>Poth,<span class="blank"> </span>H.,<span class="blank"> </span>Khodabandeh<span class="blank _19"> </span>R.,<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _d"></span>oprak<span class="blank _19"> </span>M.<span class="blank _19"> </span>S.</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y6c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws1f9">y<span class="blank"> </span>Muhammedb<span class="blank"> </span>M.,<span class="blank _19"> </span>Palm<span class="blank"> </span>B.<span class="blank"> </span>(2013).<span class="blank _70"> </span>Cooling</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y404 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws176">performance<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>nano\ufb02uids<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank"> </span>small<span class="blank"> </span>diameter</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y6e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws262">tube.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws263">Journal<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank _14"> </span>Experimental<span class="blank"> </span>Heat<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>ransfer<span class="blank _22"></span>,</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y6f ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws264">Thermodynamics,<span class="blank _70"> </span>and<span class="blank"> </span>Fluid<span class="blank"> </span>Mechanics<span class="blank"> </span>49<span class="ff1">,</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y70 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd">114-122.</div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y44e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws6a">Hussein,<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>.,<span class="blank"> </span>Salman<span class="blank"> </span>Y<span class="blank _22"></span>.K.,<span class="blank"> </span>Hakim,<span class="blank"> </span>S.,<span class="blank"> </span>Sultan<span class="blank _13"> </span>A.,<span class="blank"> </span>Kazi</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y44f ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws117">S.N.<span class="blank"> </span>(2011).<span class="blank _6c"> </span>An<span class="blank"> </span>experimental<span class="blank"> </span>study<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>heat</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y450 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws42">transfer<span class="blank"> </span>to<span class="blank"> </span>turbulent<span class="blank"> </span>separation<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02uid<span class="blank"> </span>\ufb02o<span class="blank _a"></span>w<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank"> </span>an</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y451 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws200">annular<span class="blank"> </span>passage.<span class="blank _18"> </span><span class="ff8">International<span class="blank"> </span>Journal<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>Heat</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y452 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">and<span class="blank"> </span>Mass<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>ransfer<span class="blank"> </span>54<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>766-773.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y453 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws265">Ji,<span class="blank _1e"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>.,<span class="blank _1e"> </span>Liebenber<span class="blank _a"></span>g<span class="blank"> </span>L.<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>Meyer<span class="blank"> </span>J.P<span class="blank _d"></span>.<span class="blank"> </span>(2009).<span class="blank _5e"> </span>Heat</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y454 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws266">transfer<span class="blank"> </span>enhancement<span class="blank"> </span>during<span class="blank"> </span>condensation<span class="blank"> </span>in</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y455 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws267">smooth<span class="blank"> </span>tubes<span class="blank"> </span>with<span class="blank"> </span>helical<span class="blank"> </span>wire<span class="blank"> </span>inserts.<span class="blank _1c"> </span><span class="ff8">Heat</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y456 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">T<span class="blank _a"></span>ransfer<span class="blank"> </span>Engineering<span class="blank"> </span>30-5<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>337-352.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y457 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws123">Jones,<span class="blank"> </span>O.C.,<span class="blank"> </span>Leung,<span class="blank"> </span>J.C.M.<span class="blank"> </span>(1981).<span class="blank _c"> </span>An<span class="blank"> </span>Improvement</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y458 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws268">in<span class="blank"> </span>the<span class="blank"> </span>Calculation<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>urbulent<span class="blank"> </span>Friction<span class="blank"> </span>in</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y459 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws152">Smooth<span class="blank"> </span>Concentric<span class="blank"> </span>Annuli.<span class="blank _23"> </span><span class="ff8">J<span class="blank _1"></span>ournal<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>Fluids</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y45a ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Engineering<span class="blank"> </span>103<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>615-623.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y45b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws269">Kaneda,<span class="blank"> </span>M.,<span class="blank"> </span>Y<span class="blank _22"></span>u<span class="blank _17"> </span>B.,<span class="blank"> </span>Ozoe,<span class="blank"> </span>H.<span class="blank _17"> </span>y<span class="blank _1b"> </span>Churchill,<span class="blank"> </span>S.</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y45c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws39">W<span class="blank _d"></span>.<span class="blank"> </span>(2003).<span class="blank _9e"> </span>The<span class="blank"> </span>characteristics<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>turb<span class="blank _a"></span>ulent</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y45d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws113">\ufb02ow<span class="blank"> </span>and<span class="blank"> </span>con<span class="blank _a"></span>vection<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank"> </span>concentric<span class="blank"> </span>circular</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y45e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws26a">annuli.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws26b">International<span class="blank"> </span>Journal<span class="blank _e"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>Heat<span class="blank"> </span>and<span class="blank"> </span>Mass</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y45f ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">T<span class="blank _a"></span>ransfer<span class="blank"> </span>46<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>5045-5057.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y460 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws26c">Kline,<span class="blank _19"> </span>S.J.,<span class="blank _18"> </span>McClintock,<span class="blank _19"> </span>F<span class="blank _a"></span>.<span class="blank"> </span>A.<span class="blank"> </span>(1953).<span class="blank _70"> </span>Describing</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y461 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws26d">Uncertainties<span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank"> </span>Single-Sample<span class="blank"> </span>Experiments.</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y462 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Mechanical<span class="blank"> </span>Engineering<span class="blank"> </span>75<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>2-8.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 ha y463 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsf9">L<span class="lsd v0">´</span></div><div class="t m0 x107 hc y463 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws26e">eal,<span class="blank"> </span>L.,<span class="blank"> </span>Miscevic<span class="blank _1b"> </span>M.,<span class="blank"> </span>Lavieille<span class="blank _17"> </span>P<span class="blank _22"></span>.,<span class="blank"> </span>Amokrane</div><div class="t m0 x35 ha y464 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws255">M.,<span class="blank"> </span>Pigache<span class="blank _5d"> </span>F<span class="blank _a"></span>.,<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _d"></span>opin<span class="blank _5d"> </span>F<span class="blank _a"></span>.,<span class="blank"> </span>Nogar<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="v0">`</span></div><div class="t m0 x126 hc y464 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws255">ede,<span class="blank"> </span>B.,<span class="blank"> </span>y</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y465 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws26f">T<span class="blank _d"></span>adrist,<span class="blank"> </span>L.<span class="blank"> </span>(2013).<span class="blank _12"> </span>An<span class="blank"> </span>overvie<span class="blank _a"></span>w<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>heat<span class="blank"> </span>transfer</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y466 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws270">enhancement<span class="blank"> </span>methods<span class="blank"> </span>and<span class="blank"> </span>new<span class="blank"> </span>perspecti<span class="blank _a"></span>ves:</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y467 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws271">Focus<span class="blank"> </span>on<span class="blank"> </span>acti<span class="blank _a"></span>ve<span class="blank"> </span>methods<span class="blank"> </span>using<span class="blank"> </span>electroactiv<span class="blank _a"></span>e</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y468 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws272">materials.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws11d">International<span class="blank"> </span>Journal<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>Heat<span class="blank"> </span>and</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y469 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Mass<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>ransfer<span class="blank"> </span>61<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>505-524.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y46a ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws20d">Murugesan,<span class="blank"> </span>P<span class="blank _22"></span>.<span class="blank"> </span>Mayilsamy<span class="blank _a"></span>,<span class="blank"> </span>K.<span class="blank"> </span>Suresh,<span class="blank _e"> </span>S.<span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank"> </span>Srini<span class="blank _1"></span>vasan</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y46b ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsd4">P<span class="blank _22"></span>.S.S.<span class="blank"> </span>(2009).<span class="blank _7"> </span>Heat<span class="blank"> </span>Transfer<span class="blank"> </span>And<span class="blank"> </span>Pressure</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y46c ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws273">Drop<span class="blank"> </span>Characteristics<span class="blank"> </span>Of<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>urbulent<span class="blank"> </span>Flo<span class="blank _a"></span>w<span class="blank"> </span>In<span class="blank"> </span>A</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y46d ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws274">T<span class="blank _a"></span>ube<span class="blank"> </span>Fitted<span class="blank"> </span>W<span class="blank _1"></span>ith<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>rapezoidal-Cut<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _a"></span>wisted<span class="blank"> </span>T<span class="blank _d"></span>ape</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y46e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws275">Insert.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws276">International<span class="blank"> </span>Journal<span class="blank _17"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>Academic</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y46f ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Resear<span class="blank _a"></span>ch<span class="blank"> </span>1.1<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>255-265.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa6 hc y470 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws277">Reza,<span class="blank"> </span>M.,<span class="blank"> </span>Gholami,<span class="blank"> </span>H.<span class="blank _27"> </span>(2014).<span class="blank _a1"> </span>E<span class="ff8d lsfa">\u21b5</span><span class="ws278">ect<span class="blank"> </span>of</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y238 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws110">inserting<span class="blank"> </span>coiled<span class="blank"> </span>wires<span class="blank"> </span>on<span class="blank"> </span>pressure<span class="blank"> </span>drop<span class="blank"> </span>of<span class="blank"> </span>R-</div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y13e ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws120">404A<span class="blank"> </span>condensation.<span class="blank _1d"> </span><span class="ff8">International<span class="blank"> </span>J<span class="blank _a"></span>ournal<span class="blank"> </span>of</span></div><div class="t m0 x35 hc y63 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd ws9">Refrigeration<span class="blank"> </span>40<span class="ff1">,<span class="blank"> </span>24-30.</span></div><div class="t m0 x120 hc y471 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 lsd wsae">158<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws8">www<span class="blank _a"></span>.rmiq.or<span class="blank _a"></span>g</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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