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Manual of Petroleum
Measurement Standards
Chapter 4—Proving Systems
 
Section 5—Master-Meter Provers
 
SECOND EDITION, MAY 2000
COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute
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COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute
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COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute
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Manual of Petroleum
Measurement Standards
Chapter 4—Proving Systems
 
Section 5—Master-Meter Provers
 
Measurement Coordination
 
SECOND EDITION, MAY 2000
COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute
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COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute
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FOREWORD
 
Chapter 4 of the 
 
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards
 
 was prepared as a guide
for the design, installation, calibration, and operation of meter proving systems commonly
used by the majority of petroleum operators. The devices and practices covered in this chap-
ter may not be applicable to all liquid hydrocarbons under all operating conditions. Other
types of proving devices that are not covered in this chapter may be appropriate for use if
agreed upon by the parties involved.
The information contained in this edition of Chapter 4 supersedes the information con-
tained in the previous edition (First Edition, May 1978), which is no longer in print. It also
supersedes the information on proving systems contained in API Standard 1101, 
 
Measure-
ment of Petroleum Liquid Hydrocarbons by Positive Displacement Meter
 
 (First Edition,
1960); API Standard 2531, 
 
Mechanical Displacement Meter Provers 
 
(Second Edition,
1963); API Standard 2533, 
 
Metering Viscous Hydrocarbons
 
 (First Edition, 1963); and API
Standard 2534, 
 
Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meter Systems
 
 (First Edi-
tion, 1970), which are no longer in print.
This publication is primarily intended for use in the United States and is related to the
standards, specifications, and procedures of the National Institute of Standards and Technol-
ogy (NIST). When the information provided herein is used in other countries, the specifica-
tions and procedures of the appropriate national standards organizations may apply. Where
appropriate, other test codes and procedures for checking pressure and electrical equipment
may be used.
For the purposes of business transactions, limits on error or measurement tolerance are
usually set by law, regulation, or mutual agreement between contracting parties. This publi-
cation is not intended to set tolerances for such purposes; it is intended only to describe
methods by which acceptable approaches to any desired accuracy can be achieved.
Chapter 4 now contains the following sections:
Section 1, “Introduction”
Section 2, “Conventional Pipe Provers”
Section 3, “Small Volume Provers”
Section 4, “Tank Provers”
Section 5, “Master-Meter Provers”
Section 6, “Pulse Interpolation”
Section 7, “Field-Standard Test Measures”
Section 8, “Operation of Proving Systems”
Section 9, “Calibration of Provers”
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by
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publication may conflict.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to Measurement Coordination,
American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
 
iii
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CONTENTS
 
Page
 
1 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 DEFINITION OF TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
4 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
5 EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
6 MASTER-METER FACTOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
7 PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
7.2 Displacement Meters Used as Master Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
7.3 Turbine Meters Used as Master Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
7.4 Procedural Uncertainty in master Meter Proving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
8 MASTER METER CALIBRATION OF PROVERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
9 RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Tables
1—Estimated Standard Deviation for Prover Calibration Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2—Uncertainty of the Average at the 95% Confidence Level of 
Prover Calibration Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
 
v
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1
 
Chapter 4—Proving Systems
 
SECTION 5—MASTER-METER PROVERS
1 Introduction
 
A master meter is selected, maintained, and operated to
serve as the reference device for the proving of another meter.
A comparison of the master meter to delivery meter output is
the basis of the master-meter proving method.
A proving operation is considered a direct proving when
a meter is proved against a pipe prover or tank prover. A
proving operation is considered indirect when a meter is
proved against a master meter that has already been proved
by the direct method.
The master meter is an indirect meter-proving device. A
flow meter, as defined in the scope of this document, with
good linearity and repeatability, is selected to serve as a
transfer standard between a meter operating in the field and
a meter prover. The meter prover and the operating meter
are usually in different locations. (However, sometimes the
master meter and master prover are at the same location and
can be aligned in series with the meter to be proved.) 
Two separate sequence of events are necessary in master-
meter proving. First, the master meter must be proved using a
meter prover (master prover) that has been calibrated by the
water-draw method. Next, after proving, this master meter
with its meter factor is then used to determine a new meter
factor for the field-operating meter. Master-meter proving has
the highest uncertainty of all meter-proving operations. Thus,
particular care must be applied to this meter-proving practice
to obtain accurate results.
Some of the factors that can contribute to a higher uncer-
tainty level in the master-meter proving of an operating
meter are:
a. The differences between the liquid used to prove the mas-
ter meter and the liquid currently being metered by the master
meter during proving of the field meter (differences in viscos-
ity and density).
b. The differences between the temperature, pressure, and
flow conditions used to prove the master meter and the
present temperature, pressure, and flow conditions experi-
enced by the master meter while proving the field meter.
c. The frequency of proving the master meter to monitor
changes, trends or drift (wear) in the master meter factors.
d. The use of the master-meter proving technique in the field
automatically introduces an additional level of uncertainty
into the petroleum-measurement hierarchy.
 
2 Scope
 
This chapter covers the use of both displacement and tur-
bine meters as master meters for proving displacement and
turbine meters.
The requirements in this chapter are intended for crude oil
and refined petroleum products (see Chapter 4.1). Meter
proving requirements for other fluids should be appropriate
for the overall custody transfer accuracy and should be agree-
able to the parties involved. This document will not cover
master meter calibration of field provers. For information
concerning master meter calibration of field provers see
 
MPMS
 
 Chapter 4.9.2.
 
3 Definition of Terms
 
3.1 master meter proof:
 
 Refers to the multiple proving
passes (proof runs) through the master meter and the line
meter for the purpose of determining the line meter factor.
 
3.2 meter prover:
 
 An open or closed vessel of known
volume used as a volumetric reference standard for the cali-
bration of meters in liquid petroleum service. Such provers
are designed, fabricated, and operated within the recommen-
dations of Chapter 4.
 
4 Referenced Publications
 
 API
 
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards
 
 Chapter 1, “Vocabulary”
Chapter 4, “Proving Systems”
 Chapter 5, “Metering”
Chapter 12, “Calculation of Petroleum
Quantities”
 Chapter 13, “Statistical Aspects of Measur-
ing and Sampling”
 
5 Equipment
 
 Any one of a bank of meters that has suitable manifolding,
can be assigned as a master meter. Alternatively, a selected
portable meter or a meter at a test station can be assigned as a
master meter. The meter selected should be known, from
experience, to be reliable and consistent, and capable of cali-
bration to specified accuracy tolerances. Master meters must
be well maintained. Master meters shall be properly sized to
calibrate meters within their linear range.
 The master meter must not be mechanically compensated
for gravity or temperature. Its readout must indicate units of
volume without corrections. The same accessories that are
connected when the master meter is proved must be con-
nected when it is used to prove another meter. A master meter
must have a direct output from the measuring element to the
pulse generator or the register.
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2 C
 
HAPTER
 
 4—P
 
ROVING
 
 S
 
YSTEMS
 
 If the master meter is in portable service, it should be
protected against damage during transportation, installation,
and handling. The master meter should be filled with oil to
prevent internal corrosion when the meter is stored, or in
standby service.
 
6 Master-Meter Factor
 
 The meter factor that is applied to the master meter
should be the average value of at least two meter proofs cor-
rected to base conditions. This is called the master-meter
factor. The master-meter factor should be developed under
the following conditions:
a. A flow rate within 10 percent of the flow rate expected
during line-meter proving.
b. On a liquid with similar fluid characteristics (such as, vis-
cosity, API gravity) to that expected during line-meter proving.
c. At a similar temperature.
Deviation from these conditions will introduce uncertainty
and inaccuracies to subsequent measurement.
If the flow rates of the line meter during proving vary
widely, a curve of master-meter factors should be developed
over that operating range. This procedure will provide the
required master-meter factor for proving and verifying the
master-meter linearity.
To obtain the value of a line-meter factor expressed to
four decimal places, such as 1.0016or 0.9981, it is neces-
sary to obtain from both the master meter and the meter to
be proved an output that represents a discrimination of at
least 1 in 10,000.
 
7 Procedures
 
7.1 GENERAL
 
Prior to proving with a master meter, a master-meter factor
must be determined with a displacer prover. A master meter
shall not be used to calibrate another master meter. When a
master meter is proved against a prover, the master meter fac-
tor that is used should be the average meter factor of at least
two consecutive meter proofs that agree within 0.02 percent.
The master meter and the line meter to be proved shall be
connected in series and shall be close enough to minimize cor-
rections for volume during the proving period. Before the
actual proving with the master meter is performed, the master-
meter and line meter shall be operated at the desired flow rate
long enough to purge the system and to achieve a steady tem-
perature and pressure. Either a standing start-and-stop method
or a running start-and-stop method of proving may be used.
Because it is not certain that the master meter and line
meter will operate at identical temperatures and pressures
during the proving runs, the indicated volumes at both meters
shall be corrected to base conditions.
Both the master meter and the line meter to be proved
should be equipped with meter registers, or proving counters,
that are connected so that all registers or counters can be
started and stopped simultaneously. If the line-meter proving
registration is derived from something other than the meter
register, steps shall be taken to ensure that all volumes indi-
cated by the proving counter are also reflected in the primary
meter register.
The master meter should be placed downstream of any
fixed vapor separators, strainers, or other protective devices
that service the line meter to be proved. The meters shall have
no devices between them that might alter the flow rate or the
fluid properties. All fluid-diverting valves between the meters
shall be capable of demonstrating positive seals.
For operational information on meter proving by the mas-
ter-meter method, see Chapter 4.8.
 
7.2 DISPLACEMENT METERS USED AS MASTER 
METERS
 
The following two options are available for obtaining a dis-
crimination of at least 1 in 10,000 using a displacement meter:
a. If the registers can be precisely read to the nearest 0.1 bar-
rel or 0.1 cubic meter, the minimum proof-run volume would
be 1000 barrels, or 1000 cubic meters. If the registers can be
precisely read to the nearest 0.01 barrel or 0.01 cubic meter,
the minimum proof-run volume would be 100 barrels, or 100
cubic meters. If proof runs conducted in this manner are not
repeatable because of factors such as wear in the gear trains,
larger volume proving runs may be used or the cause of the
nonrepeatability may be determined and corrected.
b. Both meters may be equipped with pulse generators or
similar devices that are capable of high-resolution output to
obtain the required discrimination.
 
7.3 TURBINE METERS USED AS MASTER 
METERS
 
Turbine meters typically generate a large number of pulses
per unit volume and are normally equipped with high-speed
counters. The minimum 10,000 discrete volume units are
therefore easily generated. The following special precautions
must be taken when turbine meters are used as master meters:
a. The turbine meter to be proved should be installed in its
normal operating position and orientation in the piping to
avoid flow disturbances during proving that are different from
normal operating conditions.
b. A turbine master meter shall be a complete assembly com-
prised of a pre-run, flow-straightening devices, a meter, and
post run. It should normally be installed downstream of the
line meter being proved. This assembly shall remain intact
during transportation and operation. 
c. When both meters are turbines, they should both have ade-
quate flow-straightening devices or flow conditioning piping
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S
 
ECTION
 
 5—M
 
ASTER
 
-M
 
ETER
 
 P
 
ROVERS
 
3
 
(see Chapter 5.3) so that one meter does not adversely affect
the other. 
d. Both counters shall be started and stopped by the same sig-
nal. Electronic gating circuits are required (see Chapter 5.5 for
additional pulse-transmission and security recommendations).
 
7.4 PROCEDURAL UNCERTAINTY IN MASTER 
METER PROVING
 
Chapter 13 contains procedures to estimate the standard
deviation and uncertainty of master-meter proving proce-
dures. Range limits of 0.02 percent between high and low
runs are used to prescribe master-meter calibration accep-
tance requirements. The estimated standard deviation of the
average of two to five proving runs that agree within a range
of 0.02 percent are given in Table 1.
However, the uncertainty of the average at the 95 percent
confidence level of two to five calibration runs that agree
within a range of 0.02 percent are given in Table 2.
 
8 Master Meter Calibration of Provers
 
The calibration of provers by the master meter method may
be found in applicable sections of Chapter 4.9.2
 
9 Records 
 
Complete records of all data pertaining to the master meter
shall be retained, since the historical reliability of the master
meter is important to all parties in a measurement transaction.
The records should be accessible to all concerned parties.
 
Table 1—Estimated Standard Deviation for Prover 
Calibration Sets
 
Number of Calibration Runs
Estimated Standard Deviation 
of Average of Proving Set %
2 0.013
3 0.007
4 0.005
5 0.004
 
Table 2—Uncertainty of the Average at the 95% 
Confidence Level of Prover Calibration Sets
 
Number of Calibration Runs
Uncertainty of the Average at 
the 95% Confidence Level of 
the Proving Set
2 ± 0.159
3 ± 0.029
4 ± 0.016
5 ± 0.011
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H30082 MPMS Ch. 4.2, Conventional Pipe Provers $ 45.00
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	COVER
	SPECIAL NOTES
	FOREWORD
	CONTENTS
	SECTION 5—MASTER-METER PROVERS
	1 Introduction
	2 Scope
	3 Definition of Terms
	3.1 master meter proof:
	3.2 meter prover:
	4 Referenced Publications
	5 Equipment
	6 Master-Meter Factor
	7 Procedures
	7.1 GENERAL
	7.2 DISPLACEMENT METERS USED AS MASTER METERS
	7.3 TURBINE METERS USED AS MASTER METERS
	7.4 PROCEDURAL UNCERTAINTY IN MASTER METER PROVING
	8 Master Meter Calibration of Provers
	9 Records
	Tables
	Table 1—Estimated Standard Deviation for Prover Calibration Sets
	Table 2—Uncertainty of the Average at the 95% Confidence Level of ProverCalibration Sets