<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">J<span class="blank"> </span>u<span class="blank"> </span>d<span class="blank"> </span>a</div><div class="t m1 x2 h3 y1 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">í</div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">s<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank"> </span>o</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m1 x4 h4 y2 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">Contenido</div><div class="t m1 x4 h5 y3 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws4">Judaísmo<span class="blank _0"></span>.............................................................................................................<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank _1"> </span>2</div><div class="t m1 x4 h5 y4 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Origen del<span class="blank _0"></span> judaísmo..................................................................................................<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>..<span class="blank _3"> </span>3</div><div class="t m1 x4 h5 y5 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">¿Cómo fu<span class="blank _0"></span>e fundado el <span class="blank _0"></span>judaísmo?..............................................................................................<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _3"> </span>3</div><div class="t m1 x4 h5 y6 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Histori<span class="blank _0"></span>a del judaísmo....................................................................................................................<span class="blank _3"> </span>4</div><div class="t m1 x4 h5 y7 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Libro sagr<span class="blank _0"></span>ado...........................................................................................................................<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _2"> </span>.<span class="blank _3"> </span>4</div><div class="t m1 x4 h5 y8 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">¿Cuáles so<span class="blank _0"></span>n sus cre<span class="blank _0"></span>encias?....................................................................................................<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _3"> </span>5</div><div class="t m1 x4 h5 y9 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Dios del<span class="blank _0"></span> judaísmo..........................................................................................................<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _3"> </span>6</div><div class="t m1 x4 h5 ya ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">¿Cuál es l<span class="blank _0"></span>a doctrina <span class="blank _0"></span>del judaís<span class="blank _0"></span>mo?............................................................................<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>..<span class="blank _3"> </span>6</div><div class="t m1 x4 h5 yb ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Diferencias entre judaísmo, cris%anismo e islam.........<span class="blank _2"> </span>................<span class="blank _2"> </span>................<span class="blank _2"> </span>...........<span class="blank _2"> </span>..<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>.<span class="blank _2"> </span>6</div><div class="t m1 x4 h5 yc ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Corri<span class="blank _0"></span>entes del judaís<span class="blank _0"></span>mo......................................................................................<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _2"> </span>...<span class="blank _2"> </span>....<span class="blank _3"> </span>7</div><div class="t m1 x4 h5 yd ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws4">Sionismo.................................................................................................................................<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank"> </span>.<span class="blank _3"> </span>7</div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 ye ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5">Judaísmo</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 yf ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">El<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>judaísmo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>más<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>antigua<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>las<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>tres<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>grandes<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>religiones<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>monoteístas</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y10 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">(abrahámicas) nacidas en Medio Oriente, junto al cristi<span class="blank _0"></span>anismo y al islam.</div></div><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[7,"XYZ",85.1,294,null]"><div class="d m2" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:84.400000px;bottom:543.600000px;width:426.100000px;height:13.500000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[7,"XYZ",85.1,672.1,null]"><div class="d m2" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:84.400000px;bottom:563.100000px;width:426.100000px;height:13.500000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[6,"XYZ",85.1,318.1,null]"><div class="d m2" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:84.400000px;bottom:582.600000px;width:426.100000px;height:13.500000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[6,"XYZ",85.1,554.9,null]"><div class="d m2" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:84.400000px;bottom:602.100000px;width:426.100000px;height:13.500000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[6,"XYZ",85.1,770.9,null]"><div class="d m2" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:84.400000px;bottom:621.600000px;width:426.100000px;height:13.500000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[5,"XYZ",85.1,465.9,null]"><div class="d m2" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:84.400000px;bottom:641.100000px;width:426.100000px;height:13.500000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[4,"XYZ",85.1,134.3,null]"><div class="d m2" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:84.400000px;bottom:660.600000px;width:426.100000px;height:13.500000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[4,"XYZ",85.1,651.4,null]"><div class="d m2" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:84.400000px;bottom:680.100000px;width:426.100000px;height:13.500000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[3,"XYZ",85.1,192.9,null]"><div class="d m2" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:84.400000px;bottom:699.600000px;width:426.100000px;height:13.500000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[3,"XYZ",85.1,469.8,null]"><div class="d m2" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:84.400000px;bottom:719.100000px;width:426.100000px;height:13.500000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[2,"XYZ",85.1,151.8,null]"><div class="d m2" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:84.400000px;bottom:738.600000px;width:426.100000px;height:13.500000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y11 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Además,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>es<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>un<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>conjunto<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>tradiciones,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>representaciones<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>prácticas<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>rituales</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y12 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">pertenecientes<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>al<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>pu<span class="blank _0"></span>eblo<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>judío.<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>La<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>tradición<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>y<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>cultura<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>judía<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>data<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>de<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>la</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y13 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">antigüedad,<span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>y<span class="blank _7"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>abarca<span class="blank _7"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank _7"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>conjunto<span class="blank _7"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>bastante<span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>heterogéneo<span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank _7"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>prácticas,</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y14 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">tradiciones y posturas frente al hecho religioso.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y15 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Esto<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>se<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>debe<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>en<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>gran<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>medida<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>diáspora<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>que<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>vivió<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>el<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>pueblo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>j<span class="blank _2"> </span>udío<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>desde</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y16 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">tiempos<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>ancestrales,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>ya<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>que<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>han<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>sido<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>repudiados<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>incluso<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>perseguidos<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>por</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y17 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">otras naciones, haciendo de ellos una suerte de p<span class="blank _0"></span>ueblo errante.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y18 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">El judaísmo hoy <span class="blank _2"> </span>en día reúne<span class="blank _2"> </span> fieles y p<span class="blank _2"> </span>racticantes en mayor <span class="blank _2"> </span>o menor grado a <span class="blank _2"> </span>lo</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y19 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">largo<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>casi<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>todo<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>el<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>planeta,<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>especialmente<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>en<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>los<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Estados<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Unidos<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>(6.5</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y1a ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">millones) e Israel (5.9 millones).</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y1b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">A<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>nivel<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>mundial,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>existen<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>aproximadamente<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>14.3<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>millones<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>judíos<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>en<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>sus</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y1c ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">distintas<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>ramas.<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Muchas<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"></span>llas<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>conservan<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>vivas<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>las<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>leng<span class="blank _0"></span>uas<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>judías,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>como<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>el</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y1d ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">hebreo y el yiddish, entre otras lenguas híbridas.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 y1e ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Origen del judaísmo</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y1f ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">El<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>judaísmo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>sitúa<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>sus<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>orígenes<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>en<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>la<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>antigüedad<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>b<span class="blank _2"> </span>íblica,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>esp<span class="blank _2"> </span>ecíficamente<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>la</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y20 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">vida de Abraham, un pastor nómada de Ur, en la antig<span class="blank _0"></span>ua Mesopotamia.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y21 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Abraham<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>recibió<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>un<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>llamado<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>de<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Dios<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>mismo<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>para<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>fundar<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>su<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>patria<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>en<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Canaán,</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y22 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">entre el mar Mediterráneo y el río Jordán.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y23 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Sus<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>descendientes,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>empujados<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>por<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>el<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>hambre<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>migrar<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>hacia<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>las<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>regiones<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>d<span class="blank _2"> </span>el</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y24 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Nilo, fueron sometidos a esclavitud por los Faraones.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y25 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Sin<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>embargo,<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Moisés<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>los<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>liberó<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>y<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>guio<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>de<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>vuelta<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>a<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>su<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Tierra<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Prometida.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y26 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Posteriormente,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Dios<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>le<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>entregó<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Moisés,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>en<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>piedra,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>los<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>diez<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>mandamientos,</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y27 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">dando así origen a la doctrina judía.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 y28 ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">¿Cómo fue fundado el judaísmo?</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y29 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">El judaísmo no posee un <span class="blank _2"> </span>fundador reconocido, si bien la <span class="blank _2"> </span>tradición se remonta al</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y2a ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">primer hebreo, Abraham, el mismo patriarca de lo<span class="blank _0"></span>s credos cristiano e islámico.</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y11 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">En<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>sus<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>inicios,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>el<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>pueblo<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>judío<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>se<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>denominaba<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>sí<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>mismo<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>hebreo<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>(\u201cque<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>viene</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y12 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">de otro<span class="blank _2"> </span> lado\u201d) <span class="blank _2"> </span>o israelí,<span class="blank _2"> </span> ya <span class="blank _2"> </span>que su<span class="blank _2"> </span> primer <span class="blank _2"> </span>reino establecido<span class="blank _2"> </span> llevaba <span class="blank _2"> </span>el nombre <span class="blank _2"> </span>de</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y13 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Israel (\u201cque ha luchado con Dios\u201d).</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y2b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">El<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>término<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>\u201cjudío\u201d<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>apareció<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>mucho<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span>spués,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>consecuencia<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>la<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>división<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>del</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y15 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">reino en dos: Israel y Judea o Judá.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 y2c ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Historia del judaísmo</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y2d ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">La<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>historia<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>del<span class="blank _2"> </span> pu<span class="blank _2"> </span>eblo <span class="blank _2"> </span>judío<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>y<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>su<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>religión<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>se<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>narra<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>en<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>el<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>Antiguo<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>Testamento</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y2e ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">de la Biblia.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y2f ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Inicia con el éxodo hacia Egipto, la esclavitud, la recuperación de la libertad y la</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y30 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">vuelta a Canaán.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y31 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">En el<span class="blank _2"> </span> momento <span class="blank _2"> </span>de la<span class="blank _2"> </span> fundación <span class="blank _2"> </span>del reino<span class="blank _2"> </span> de <span class="blank _2"> </span>Israel, su <span class="blank _2"> </span>territorio <span class="blank _2"> </span>se repartió<span class="blank _2"> </span> entre</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y32 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">las<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>doce<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>tribus<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>hebreas:<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Aser,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Neftalí,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>Ma<span class="blank _2"> </span>nasés,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Zabulón,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Isacar,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Gad,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>Efraín,</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y33 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Dan, Benjamín, Rubén, Judá y Simeón.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y34 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Este<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>reino<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>he<span class="blank _2"> </span>breo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>se<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>llamó<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Israel<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>y<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>fue<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>gobernado<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>por<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>numerosos<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>reyes</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y35 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">bíblicos,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>hasta <span class="blank _2"> </span>su<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>división<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>en<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>dos<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>territorios <span class="blank _2"> </span>distintos<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>(Judá<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>e<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>Israel).<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>Luego<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>fue</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y36 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">dominado <span class="blank _2"> </span>por <span class="blank _2"> </span>diversos <span class="blank _2"> </span>imperios <span class="blank _2"> </span>asiáticos: <span class="blank _2"> </span>los <span class="blank _2"> </span>asirios,<span class="blank _2"> </span> los<span class="blank _2"> </span> babilonios,<span class="blank _2"> </span> los <span class="blank _2"> </span>persas</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y21 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">y finalmente los griegos hacia 170 a. C.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y37 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">El<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>reino<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>fue<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>recuperado<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>gracias<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>una<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>revuelta<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>Judas<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>El<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>Macabeo,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>para</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y23 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">luego pasar a administración del Imperio Roman<span class="blank _0"></span>o.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y38 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">En este momento de<span class="blank _2"> </span> la historia, el cristianismo <span class="blank _2"> </span>nació como una continuación de</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y25 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">la<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>religión<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>judía.<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Sin<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>embargo,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>posteriormente<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>cobró<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>su<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>propia<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>forma<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>propio</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y26 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">credo.<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>Al<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>convertirse<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>eventualmente<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>en<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>la<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>religión<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>del<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Imperio<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>y<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>desató<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>una</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y27 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">persecución<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>contra<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>el<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>pueblo<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>judío<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>que<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>duró<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>siglos,<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>acusándolo<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>ser<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>los</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y39 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">traidores de Jesucristo.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y3a ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Para<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>ese<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>entonces,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>ya<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>l<span class="blank _2"> </span>os<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>judíos<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>habían<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>sido<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>vendidos<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>como<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>esclavos<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>por<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>los</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y3b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">romanos <span class="blank _2"> </span>a l<span class="blank _2"> </span>o largo<span class="blank _2"> </span> y<span class="blank _2"> </span> ancho<span class="blank _2"> </span> del<span class="blank _2"> </span> Imperio.<span class="blank _2"> </span> Esto<span class="blank _2"> </span> fue<span class="blank _2"> </span> llamado<span class="blank _2"> </span> \u201cla<span class="blank _2"> </span> diáspora\u201d, <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _2"> </span>fue</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y3c ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">el inicio de la diseminación del pueblo he<span class="blank _0"></span>breo en el mundo.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 y3d ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Libro sagrado</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y3e ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">La fe judía tiene varios libros sagrados:</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y3f ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff6 ls0 ws2">El<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Tanaj.<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Equivalente<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>al<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Antiguo<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Testamento<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>la<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Biblia<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>cristiana,</span></div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y40 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">compuesto por 39 libros diferentes:</div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y41 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff6 ls0 ws2">La<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Torá<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Pentateuco,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>inspiración<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>divina<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>que<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>equivale<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>los<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>cinco</span></div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y42 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">primeros libros de la Biblia cristiana.</div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y43 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff6 ls0 ws2">Los Neviim o el Libro de los Profetas.</span></div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y44 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff6 ls0 ws2">Los Ketuvim o \u201cLos escritos\u201d.</span></div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y45 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff6 ls0 ws2">La<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Mishná.<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Supuestamente<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>entregadas<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>al<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>propio<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Moisés<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>por<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>Dios<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>en<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>el</span></div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y46 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Monte<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Sinaí,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>y<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>que<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>contiene<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>una<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>recolección<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>las<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>tradiciones<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>orales<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>y</div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y47 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">relatos de la Torá.</div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y48 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff6 ls0 ws2">El<span class="blank _7"> </span> <span class="blank _c"> </span>Talmud<span class="blank _7"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>o<span class="blank _c"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>Guemará.<span class="blank _c"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>Un<span class="blank _c"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>voluminoso<span class="blank _c"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>corpus<span class="blank _7"> </span> <span class="blank _c"> </span>de<span class="blank _7"> </span> <span class="blank _c"> </span>anotaciones</span></div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 yd ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">posteriores<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>la<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>Mishná,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>así<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>como<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>algunos<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>posteriores,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>del<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>corpus</div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y49 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6">religioso.</div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y4a ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff6 ls0 ws2">El<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Zóhar.<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>El<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>libro<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>ce<span class="blank _2"> </span>ntral<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>cábala<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>hebrea,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>escrita<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>por<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>el<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>rabino</span></div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y4b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Shimon bar Yojai.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 y4c ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">¿Cuáles son sus creencias?</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y4d ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Las<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>creencias<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>del<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>judaísmo<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>son<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>las<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>descritas<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>por<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>el<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Antiguo<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Testamento<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>la</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y4e ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Biblia.<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Allí<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>se<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>describe<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>formulación<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>del<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>culto,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>las<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>leyes<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>la<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>sociedad</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y4f ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">misma<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>de<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>hebre<span class="blank _0"></span>os,<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>b<span class="blank _0"></span>ajo<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>la<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>tutela<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>rigurosa<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>de<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>su<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>Dios,<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>cuyos<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>10</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y50 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">mandamientos componen el código étic<span class="blank _0"></span>o del pueblo judío.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y51 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Según<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>estas<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>creencias,<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>el<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>pueblo<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>israelí,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>definido<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>no<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>tanto<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>po<span class="blank _2"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>su<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>lugar<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y52 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">nacimiento<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>sino<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>por<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>su<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>adhesión<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>fe<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>verdadera,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>sería<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>el<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>elegido<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>Dios,</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y53 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">quien les prometió la Tierra Prometida para su florecim<span class="blank _0"></span>iento.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y54 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Dicho<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>territorio<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>considerado<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>\u201cTierra<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Santa\u201d<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>por<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>los<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>judíos,<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>y<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>el<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>resto<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>del</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y55 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">mundo<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>es<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>simplemente<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>\u201cdiáspora\u201d.<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>El<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>pa<span class="blank _2"> </span>cto<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>entre<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>los<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>judíos<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>y<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>Dios<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>es</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y56 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">expresado<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>mediante<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>sus<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>ritos<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>iniciáticos,<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>sobre<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>todo<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>la<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>circuncisión,<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>y<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>la</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y57 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">atención<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>sus<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>prohibiciones<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>alimenticias<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>(el<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>cerdo,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>las<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>carnes<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>no<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>kosher)<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>y</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y58 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">deberes sociales (de acuerdo al calendari<span class="blank _0"></span>o hebreo).</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y59 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">La<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>lengua<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>sagrada<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>litúrgica<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>los<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>j<span class="blank _2"> </span>udíos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>es<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>el<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>hebreo,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"> </span>dioma<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>q<span class="blank _2"> </span>ue<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>estuvo</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y5a ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">dado <span class="blank _2"> </span>por <span class="blank _2"> </span>muerto<span class="blank _2"> </span> durante<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>siglos <span class="blank _2"> </span>y <span class="blank _2"> </span>fue<span class="blank _2"> </span> recuperado<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>en <span class="blank _2"> </span>épocas <span class="blank _2"> </span>modernas. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Hoy <span class="blank _2"> </span>en</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y5b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">día es la lengua oficial del estado de Israel.</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m1 x4 h6 y5c ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Dios del judaísmo</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y5d ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">El<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>dios<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>los<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>judíos<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>no<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>tiene<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>nombre,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>más<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>bien,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>tiene<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>un<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>nombre<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>que<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>no</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y5e ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">puede ni debe ser pronunciado.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y5f ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Por eso se lo llama Yahveh o Yahvé, prov<span class="blank _0"></span>eniente de la antigua escritura hebrea</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y60 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">(que anotaba sólo las consonantes) y del tetragrámaton \u201cYHWH\u201d o \u201cJHWH\u201d <span class="blank _2"> </span>(del</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y61 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">alfabeto fenicio), cuya pronunciac<span class="blank _0"></span>ión aproximada sería ésa.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y2d ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">De<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>allí<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>proviene<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>también<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>el<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>nombre<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Jehová,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>que<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>usa<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>el<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>cristianismo.<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Este</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y2e ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">nombre<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>judío<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>Dios<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>carece<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>traducción<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>o<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>significado,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>pero<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>entrañaría<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>el</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y62 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">sentido de la eternidad.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 y63 ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">¿Cuál es la doctrina del judaísmo?</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y64 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">La<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>doctrina<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>del<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>judaísmo<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>está<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>contenida<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"></span>n<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>la<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>Torá,<span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>que<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>es<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>su<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>texto</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y65 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">fundamental de ley y patrimonio identitario. En este libro se cu<span class="blank _0"></span>enta la revelación</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y66 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">total <span class="blank _2"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>Yahveh <span class="blank _2"> </span>al<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>pueblo <span class="blank _2"> </span>israelí,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>y <span class="blank _2"> </span>por<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>lo<span class="blank _2"> </span> tanto<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>opera <span class="blank _2"> </span>como<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>contenedor <span class="blank _2"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>una</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y67 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">ley sagrada.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y68 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Ofrece cuatro distintos niveles de interpretación:</div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y69 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws7">1.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws8">Literal</span><span class="ws2">: como código individual.</span></div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y6a ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws7">2.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws8">Alegórico</span><span class="ws2">: como instrumento didáctico.</span></div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y6b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws7">3.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws9">Interpretativo</span><span class="ws2">: como fuente de una ética religiosa.</span></div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y6c ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws7">4.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws8">Místico</span><span class="ws2">: la búsqueda de un sentido oculto.</span></div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 y6d ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Diferencias entre judaísmo, cris\ue61fanismo e islam</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y6e ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">A<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>diferencia<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>sus<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>otras<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>dos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>religiones<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>hermanas,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>el<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>judaísmo<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>continúa<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y6f ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">espera<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>la<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>revelación<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>del<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>mesías,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>el<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>h<span class="blank _2"> </span>ijo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>Dios<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>que<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>vendrá<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _2"> </span>l<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>mundo<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>a</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y70 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">revelar sus verdades a la humanidad y a s<span class="blank _0"></span>ometernos a todos a juicio.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y71 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">El cristianismo, por <span class="blank _2"> </span>su parte, <span class="blank _2"> </span>comprende que Jesús de <span class="blank _2"> </span>Nazaret fue <span class="blank _2"> </span>ese mesías,</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y72 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">y<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>por<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>ende<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>espera<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>su<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>segundo<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>retorno.<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>El<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>cristianismo<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>por<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>eso<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>entiende<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>el</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y73 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Nuevo<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Testamento<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>como<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>la<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>renovación<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>del<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>pacto<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>del<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>antiguo<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>pueblo<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>judío<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>con</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y74 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Dios, y lee ambos libros en un conjunto llamado la Bib<span class="blank _0"></span>lia.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y75 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">El<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>islam,<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>asimismo,<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>comprende<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>a<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Muhammad<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>(Mahoma)<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>como<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>el<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>último</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y76 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">mensajero de<span class="blank _2"> </span> Alá, <span class="blank _2"> </span>el nombre <span class="blank _2"> </span>con q<span class="blank _2"> </span>ue llaman <span class="blank _2"> </span>al mi<span class="blank _2"> </span>smo dios <span class="blank _2"> </span>de Abraham. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Jesús</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y11 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>Nazaret,<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>llamado<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>\u201cIsa\u201d<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>para<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>los<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>musulmanes,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>sería<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>apenas<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>un<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>profeta<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>más</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y12 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">como lo fue Adán, Noé, Abraham o Moisés.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y77 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Su texto sagrado es el Corán (Qrán), dictado a Mahom<span class="blank _0"></span>a por el Arcángel Gabriel</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y2b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6">(Jibril).</div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 y78 ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Corrientes del judaísmo</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y79 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">El judaísmo comprende diversas ramas, como son:</div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 ya ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff8 ls0 wsa">Ultraortodoxo<span class="ff6 ws2">:<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>llamado<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>haredí<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>(\u201clos<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>que<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>tiemblan<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>ante<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>Dios\u201d),<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>es</span></span></div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y7a ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">particularmente devoto <span class="blank _2"> </span>y <span class="blank _2"> </span>alejado del <span class="blank _2"> </span>sionismo. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Comprende las <span class="blank _2"> </span>vertientes</div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y7b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">del jasidismo y mitnagdismo.</div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y7c ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff8 ls0 ws8">Reformista<span class="ff6 ws2">:<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>o<span class="blank _2"> </span>rigen<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>askenazí<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>(Europa<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Central<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>u<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Oriental),<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>una</span></span></div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y7d ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">vertiente progresista y menos dogmática, mucho más m<span class="blank _0"></span>oderna.</div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y7e ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff8 ls0 wsb">Ortodoxo<span class="ff6 ws2">:<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>se<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>adhiere<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>rigurosamente<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>las<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>reglas<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>religiosas<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>(Halajá)<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>y</span></span></div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y7f ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">carece<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>una<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>dirección<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>central<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>única,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>por<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>lo<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>que<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>permite<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>cierto<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>margen</div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y80 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">de<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>variación.<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>Es,<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>justamente,<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>una<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>reacción<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>conservadora<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>frente<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>al</div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y81 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">reformismo nacida en el siglo XIX.</div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y82 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff8 ls0 wsc">Conservador<span class="ff6 ws2">:<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>llamado<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>también<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>masortí<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>o<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>tradicionalista.<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Es<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>el<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>fruto</span></span></div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y83 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">estadounidense<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>unión<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>reformistas<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>y<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>ortodoxos.<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Emp<span class="blank _2"> </span>renden</div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y84 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">interpretaciones<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>má<span class="blank _2"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>modernas<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>la<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>ley<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>judía,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>entendiendo<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>al<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>pueblo</div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y85 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">judío como una nación.</div><div class="t m1 x5 h7 y86 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0b7<span class="ff8 ls0 ws8">Secular<span class="ff6 ws2">: aquí estarían todos los judíos por sangre o pertenencia fami<span class="blank _0"></span>liar,</span></span></div><div class="t m1 x6 h7 y87 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">pero que no practica las leyes judías. Serían los ju<span class="blank _0"></span>díos ateos.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h6 y6e ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5">Sionismo</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y88 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Este<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>es<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>un <span class="blank _a"> </span>movimiento<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>político<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>internacional <span class="blank _2"> </span>que<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>abogó<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>por<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>la<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>recreación<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>la</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y89 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">nación de Israel, hogar ancestral del puebl<span class="blank _0"></span>o judío.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y8a ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Fue <span class="blank _2"> </span>uno<span class="blank _2"> </span> de<span class="blank _2"> </span> los<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>más <span class="blank _2"> </span>fuertes<span class="blank _2"> </span> impulsores<span class="blank _2"> </span> de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>la <span class="blank _2"> </span>fundación <span class="blank _2"> </span>del <span class="blank _2"> </span>Estado<span class="blank _2"> </span> moderno<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>de</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y8b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Israel. Este objetivo se logró al término de la Segun<span class="blank _0"></span>da Guerra Mundial en 1948.</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y8c ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Se<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>le<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>describe<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>como<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>un<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>\u201cnacionalismo<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>la<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>diáspora\u201d<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>y<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>se<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>le<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>atribuyen</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y8d ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">posiciones<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>radicales<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>autodeterminación<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>judía<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>que<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>menudo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>los<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>sitúan<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>en</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y8e ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">conflicto<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>con<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>sus<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>vecinos<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>árabes.<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Esto<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>se<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>ve<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>re<span class="blank _2"> </span>flejado<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>en<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>el<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>complejo<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>e</div><div class="t m1 x4 h7 y8f ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">interminable conflicto árabe-israelí.</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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