What were some of the main intellectual and cultural movements during the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era?

The transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era was marked by a complex cultural panorama, with different tendencies and conceptions of nature, man, and their relationship.
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that aimed to revive the philosophical and religious tradition of Antiquity, with a spiritual and unitary vision of being.
The eclecticism of the Renaissance was a characteristic feature of the period, with authors assimilating elements of various intellectual traditions in an attempt to achieve a synthesis within their own thought schemes.
The Protestant Reformation, initiated by Martin Luther, was a religious and political movement that aimed to reform the Christian Church and religion, and led to a split in the unity of European Christianity.