08-Citation-Examples

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Pechenik Citation Style QuickGuide 
 
The following are examples based on the 6th edition (2007) of A Short Guide to Writing about Biology 
by Jan A. Pechenik. For further explanation and for more examples, consult Pechenik’s guide (pp. 72-
82) located in the Reference section of the Augustana Library at: REF QH 304 P365 2007. 
 
Journal names are usually abbreviated. See http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/ for title 
abbreviations. If you need further assistance determining the abbreviation for a journal title, please 
ask one of the Reference Librarians. 
 
Source Literature Cited Citations in Text 
Journal article 
1 author 
(Use for print and PDF 
documents) 
(See p. 80) 
 
Wykoff, W.R. 2002. Measuring and modeling surface area of 
ponderosa pine needles. Can. J. For. Res. 32: 1-8. (Wykoff, 2002) 
Journal article 
2 authors 
Paginated by issue 
(Use for print and PDF 
documents) 
(See p. 80) 
 
Bassett, T.J., Zueli, K.B. 2000. Environmental discourses and 
the Ivorian Savanna. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 90 (1): 
67-95. 
(Bassett and Zueli, 2000) 
 
Journal article 
3 or more authors 
(Use for print and PDF 
documents) 
(See p. 80) 
 
Field, I.C., Bradshaw, C.J.A., Burton, H.R. Sumner, M.D., 
Hindell, M.A. 2005. Resource partitioning through 
oceanic segregation of foraging juvenile southern 
elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). Oecologia 142: 
127-133. 
(Field et al., 2005) 
 
Journal article 
(Use this format only if 
article is an HTML 
document retrieved from a 
Library database) 
(See p. 80) 
Moser, S. C., Dilling, L. Making climate hot. Environment 
2004; 46(10): 32- . In: Academic Search Premier 
[database on the Internet]. Camrose (AB): Augustana 
Faculty Library; [cited 2005 Jan 6]. Available from 
http://www.library.augustana.ca/databases 
(Moser and Dilling, 2004) 
Magazine article 
(Use for print and PDF 
documents) 
(See p. 80) 
 
Cochran, W.W., Mouritsen, H., Wikelski, M. 2004 Apr 16. 
Migrating songbirds recalibrate their magnetic 
compass daily from twilight cues. Science 304: 405-
408. 
(Cochran et al., 2004) 
Book 
1 author 
(See p. 80) 
Wagner, F.H. 1980. Wildlife of the Deserts. H.N. Abrams, NY, 
231 pp. (Wagner, 1980) 
Book Roberts, C., Varty, B., Lucas, V. 2004. Writing for the 
Biological Sciences, 10th ed. Addison-Wesley, 
Toronto, ON, pp. 73-76. 
Specified edition 
3 or more authors 
(See p. 80) 
(Roberts et al., 2004) 
Chapter or article 
in an Edited Book 
2 authors 
(See p. 80) 
Evans, S. and Smith, J. 2000. Ecotourism in tropical 
rainforests: an environmental management option for 
threatened resources? In: Forest Tourism and 
Recreation: Case Studies in Environmental 
Management (Font, X., Tribe, J., eds.). CABI 
Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp. 127-142. 
(Evans, 2000) 
Reference book 
entry 
(See p. 80) 
 
Moore, D. 2002. Fungal control of pests. In: Encyclopedia of 
Pest Management (Pimental, D., ed.). Marcel Dekker, 
NY, pp. 320-324. 
(Moore, 2002) 
 
http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/
 
 
Sample Literature Cited list 
 
Literature Cited 
 
Bassett, T.J., Zueli, K.B. 2000. Environmental discourses and the Ivorian Savanna. Ann. 
Assoc. Am. Geogr. 90 (1): 67-95. 
 
Cochran, W.W., Mouritsen, H., Wikelski, M. 2004 Apr 16. Migrating songbirds recalibrate 
their magnetic compass daily from twilight cues. Science 304: 405-408. 
 
Evans, S and Smith, J. 2000. Ecotourism in tropical rainforests: an environmental 
management option for threatened resources? In: Forest Tourism and 
Recreation: Case Studies in Environmental Management (Font, X., Tribe, J., 
eds.). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp. 127-142. 
 
Field, I.C., Bradshaw, C.J.A., Burton, H.R. Sumner, M.D., Hindell, M.A. 2005. Resource 
partitioning through oceanic segregation of foraging juvenile southern elephant 
seals (Mirounga leonina). Oecologia 142: 127-133. 
 
Moore, D. 2002. Fungal control of pests. In: Encyclopedia of Pest Management 
(Pimental, D., ed.). Marcel Dekker, NY, pp. 320-324. 
 
Moser, S. C., Dilling, L. Making climate hot. Environment 2004; 46(10): 32- . In: Academic 
Search Premier [database on the Internet]. Camrose (AB): Augustana Faculty 
Library; [cited 2005 Jan 6]. Available from 
http://www.library.augustana.ca/databases 
 
[NCBI] National Center for Biotechnology Information. Bovine genome resources. [Internet]. [date 
unknown; cited 2004 Dec 22]. Available from 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/cow/ 
 
Roberts, C., Varty, B., Lucas, V. 2004. Writing for the Biological Sciences, 10th ed. 
Addison-Wesley, Toronto, ON, pp. 73-76. 
 
 
 
Source Literature Cited Citations in Text 
Article in an 
Internet only 
journal 
(See p. 82) 
Sarkar, T., Zhao, W., Sarkar, N.H. 1995. Expression of jun 
oncogene in rodent and human breast tumors. J 
Biology [internet] 1995 [cited 2004 Dec 22]; 1(1): 
[about 8 screens]. Available from 
http://www.epress.com/ w3jbio/vol1/sarkar/sarkar.html 
(Sarkar et al., 1995) 
[NCBI] National Center for Biotechnology Information. Bovine 
genome resources. [Internet]. [date unknown; cited 
2004 Dec 22]. Available from 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/cow/ 
Web site 
No author (NCBI) 
No date 
(See p. 82) 
Report available on 
research institution 
or government 
[WHO] World Health Organization. The world health report: 
changing history. [Internet]; 2004 [cited 2005 Jan 4]. 
170 p. Available from http://www.who.int/whr/ 
2004/en/report04_en.pdf 
(WHO, 2004) 
Web site 
(See p. 81) 
 
Smart, I.M. 2005. Ecological sampling techniques: species-
area relationships and species diversity. BIO 251 
Laboratory Handout. Augustana Faculty, University of 
Alberta, Camrose, AB. 
Laboratory report 
or handout 
(See p. 81) 
 
(Smart, 2005) 
Copyright © 2007, Augustana Faculty Library, University of Alberta 
C:\DOCUME~1\pneff\LOCALS~1\Temp\XPgrpwise\pechenik_qg_november2007.doc 
Sarkar, T., Zhao, W., Sarkar, N.H. 1995. Expression of jun oncogene in rodent and human breast 
tumors. J Biology [internet] 1995 [cited 2004 Dec 22]; 1(1): [about 8 screens]. Available from 
http://www.epress.com/ w3jbio/vol1/sarkar/sarkar.html 
 
Smart, I.M. 2005. Ecological sampling techniques: species-area relationships and species diversity. 
BIO 251 Laboratory Handout. Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, AB. 
 
Wagner, F.H. 1980. Wildlife of the Deserts. H.N. Abrams, NY, 231 pp. 
 
[WHO] World Health Organization. The world health report: changing history. [Internet]; 2004 [cited 
2005 Jan 4]. 170 p. Available from http://www.who.int/whr/ 2004/en/report04_en.pdf 
 
Wykoff, W.R. 2002. Measuring and modeling surface area of ponderosa pine needles. 
Can. J. For. Res. 32: 1-8. 
 
 
Prepared by the Reference Librarians at the Augustana Library. 
Please forward any comments or suggestions regarding this Pechenik guide to: libref@augustana.ca 
Last update: November 26, 2007
 
 
 
Copyright © 2007, Augustana Faculty Library, University of Alberta 
C:\DOCUME~1\pneff\LOCALS~1\Temp\XPgrpwise\pechenik_qg_november2007.doc 
mailto:libref@augustana.ca