Reported speech delmas - Pablo Garnica

Vista previa del material en texto

Reported Speech:
Cuando queremos comunicar o informar de lo que otra persona ha dicho, hay dos
maneras de hacerlo: utilizando el estilo directo o el estilo indirecto.
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos
el estilo directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas (“…”)
y deberá ser palabra por palabra.
Ejemplos:
 “I am going to London next week,” she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
 “Do you have a pen I could borrow,” he asked.(“¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme?,”
él preguntó.)
 Alice said, “I love to dance.”(Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
 Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?”(Chris preguntó, “¿Te
gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#I%20am%20going%20to%20London%20next%20week,%20she%20said.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Do%20you%20have%20a%20pen%20I%20could%20borrow?,she%20asked.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Alice%20said,%20I%20love%20to%20dance.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#%20Chris%20asked,%20Would%20you%20like%20to%20have%20dinner%20with%20me%20tomorrow%20night?
Verb to be = Past – Did (Hacia).
Auxiliar = Did – Past simple = Did you go?
Past perfect = (3ª columna).
Aux = HAD. I had gone to house.
She _had worked___ (Work) in a big house
Past perfect. Contin. (Had) Auxiliar – Been – Verb ing.
We had been -> (Estado) working a lot.
Verb to be = Has – Have (present) -> Had (Past)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita
ser palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo
verbal cambia. A continuación tienes una explicación de los cambios que sufren los
tiempos verbales.
A veces se usa “” = Que
en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona. Por
otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar “” o “”.
I see you” – he said.
He said me that he saw me.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Present Simple Past Simple
 “He is American,” she said. She said that he was American.
 “I am happy to see you,” Mary said. Mary said she was happy to see me.
 He asked, “Are you busy tonight?” He asked me I was busy that night.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
 “Dan is living in San Francisco,” she
said.
 She said that Dan was living in San
Francisco.
 He said, “I’m making dinner.” 
 He Said or told me he was
making dinner.
 “Why are you working so hard?” they
asked.
 They asked me why I was working so
hard.
Past Simple Past Perfect Simple
 “We went to the movies last night,” he
said.
 He told me they had gone to the
movies the night before.
 Greg said, “I didn’t go to
work yesterday.”
 Greg said he hadn’t gone to work the
day before.
 “Did you buy a new car?” she asked. She asked me I had bought a new car.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#He%20is%20American,%20she%20said
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#She%20said%20he%20was%20American.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#I%20am%20happy%20to%20see%20you,%20Mary%20said.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Mary%20said%20that%20she%20was%20happy%20to%20see%20me.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#%20He%20asked,%20Are%20you%20busy%20tonight?
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#%20He%20asked%20me%20if%20I%20was%20busy%20that%20night.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Dan%20is%20living%20in%20San%20Francisco,%20she%20said.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#She%20said%20Dan%20was%20living%20in%20San%20Francisco.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#He%20said,%20I'm%20making%20dinner.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#He%20told%20me%20that%20he%20was%20making%20dinner.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Why%20are%20you%20working%20so%20hard?%20they%20asked
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#They%20asked%20me%20why%20I%20was%20working%20so%20hard.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#We%20went%20to%20the%20movies%20last%20night,%20he%20said.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#He%20told%20me%20they%20had%20gone%20to%20the%20movies%20the%20night%20before.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Greg%20said,%20I%20didn't%20go%20to%20work%20yesterday.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Greg%20said%20that%20he%20hadn't%20gone%20to%20work%20the%20day%20before.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Did%20you%20buy%20a%20new%20car?%20she%20asked
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#She%20asked%20me%20if%20I%20had%20bought%20a%20new%20car.
 “I was working late last night,” Vicki said. 
 Vicki told me she’d been working late the
night before.
 They said, “we weren’t waiting long.” They said they hadn’t been waiting long.
 He asked, “were you sleeping when I
called?”
 He asked I’d been sleeping when he
called.
They Ran for the house - He said
He said that they had run for the house
We break the window - i said
i said that we broke the window
He is painting the wall - She said
She said that he was painting the wall
We helped to the people - They said
They said that we had helped to the people
(Saw(
Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple
 Heather said, “I’ve already eaten.” Heather told me she’d already eaten.
 “We haven’t been to China,” they said. They said they hadn’t been to China.
 “Have you worked here before?” I asked. I asked her she’d worked there before.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
 “I’ve been studying English for two
years,” he said.
 He said he’d been studying English for
two years.
 Steve said, “we’ve been dating for over a
year now.”
 Steve told me they’d been dating for
over a year.
 “Have you been waiting long?” they
asked. They asked I’d been waiting long.
Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple (NO CHANGE)
 “I’d been to Chicago before for work,” he
said.
 He said he’d been to Chicago before for
work.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#I%20was%20working%20late%20last%20night,%20Vicki%20said
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Vicki%20told%20me%20she'd%20been%20working%20late%20the%20night%20before.https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#They%20said,%20we%20weren't%20waiting%20long.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#They%20said%20that%20they%20hadn't%20been%20waiting%20long.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#%20He%20asked,%20were%20you%20sleeping%20when%20I%20called?
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#He%20asked%20if%20I'd%20been%20sleeping%20when%20he%20called.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#%20Heather%20said,%20I've%20already%20eaten.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Heather%20told%20me%20that%20she'd%20already%20eaten.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#We%20haven't%20been%20to%20China,%20they%20said.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#They%20said%20they%20hadn't%20been%20to%20China.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Have%20you%20worked%20here%20before?%20I%20asked.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#I%20asked%20her%20whether%20she'd%20worked%20there%20before.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#I've%20been%20studying%20English%20for%20two%20years,%20he%20said.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#He%20said%20he'd%20been%20studying%20English%20for%20two%20years.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Steve%20said,%20we've%20been%20dating%20for%20over%20a%20year%20now.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Steve%20told%20me%20that%20they'd%20been%20dating%20for%20over%20a%20year.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Have%20you%20been%20waiting%20long?%20they%20asked.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#They%20asked%20whether%20I'd%20been%20waiting%20long.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#I'd%20been%20to%20Chicago%20before%20for%20work,%20he%20said.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#He%20said%20that%20he'd%20been%20to%20Chicago%20before%20for%20work.
Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous (NO CHANGE)
 She said, “I’d been dancing for years
before the accident.”
 She said she’d been dancing for years
before the accident.
Nota: Cuando hablamos de algo que no ha cambiado (que sigue siendo cierto) o de algo
en el futuro, no es necesario cambiar el tiempo verbal.
Ejemplos:
 “I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
 Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
 “We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo
next week.
 “I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
El tiempo verbal cambia en el estilo indirecto también con algunos de los verbos modales.
Nota: Con “would”, “could”, “should”, “might” y “ought to”, el tiempo no cambia.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Will Would
 “I’ll go to the movies tomorrow,” John said. 
 John said he would go to the movies the next
day.
 “Will you help me move?” she asked. She asked me I would help her move.
Can Could
 Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.” Debra said Allen could work the next day.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#%20She%20said,%20I'd%20been%20dancing%20for%20years%20before%20the%20accident.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#She%20said%20she'd%20been%20dancing%20for%20years%20before%20the%20accident.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#I'm%2030%20years%20old,%20she%20said.%20%20She%20said%20she%20is%2030%20years%20old.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Dave%20said,%20Kelly%20is%20sick.%20Dave%20said%20Kelly%20is%20sick.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#We%20are%20going%20to%20Tokyo%20next%20week,%20they%20said.%20They%20said%20they%20are%20going%20to%20Tokyo%20next%20week.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#I'll%20cut%20my%20hair%20tomorrow,%20Nina%20said.%20Nina%20said%20she%20is%20cutting%20her%20hair%20tomorrow.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#I'll%20go%20to%20the%20movies%20tomorrow,%20John%20said.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#John%20said%20he%20would%20go%20to%20the%20movies%20the%20next%20day.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Will%20you%20help%20me%20move?%20she%20asked.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#She%20asked%20me%20if%20I%20would%20help%20her%20move.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Debra%20said,%20Allen%20can%20work%20tomorrow.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Debra%20said%20Allen%20could%20work%20the%20next%20day.
 “Can you open the window, please?”, he
asked. He asked me I could open the window.
Must Had to
 “You must wear your seat belt,” mom said. My mom said I had to wear my seat belt.
 She said, “You must work tomorrow.” She said I had to work the next day.
Shall Should
 “Shall we go to the beach today?” Tom asked. 
 Tom asked if we should go to the beach that
day.
 “What shall we do tonight?” she asked. She asked me what we should do that night.
May Might/Could
 Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.” 
 Jane said she might not be in class the next
day.
 “May I use the bathroom, please?”, the boy
asked. The boy asked he could use the bathroom.
Nota: A continuación tienes una tabla donde puedes observar los cambios que sufren las
expresiones de tiempo cuando usamos el estilo indirecto.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
today that day
tonight that night
this week/month/year that week/month/year
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Can%20you%20open%20the%20window,%20please?,%20he%20asked.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#He%20asked%20me%20if%20I%20could%20open%20the%20window.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#You%20must%20wear%20your%20seat%20belt,%20mom%20said.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#My%20mom%20said%20I%20had%20to%20wear%20my%20seat%20belt.https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#%20She%20said,%20You%20must%20work%20tomorrow.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#She%20said%20I%20had%20to%20work%20the%20next%20day.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Shall%20we%20go%20to%20the%20beach%20today?%20Tom%20asked.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Tom%20asked%20if%20we%20should%20go%20to%20the%20beach%20that%20day.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#%20What%20shall%20we%20do%20tonight?%20she%20asked.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#She%20asked%20me%20what%20we%20should%20do%20that%20night.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Jane%20said,%20I%20may%20not%20be%20in%20class%20tomorrow
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#Jane%20said%20she%20might%20not%20be%20in%20class%20the%20next%20day.
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#May%20I%20use%20the%20bathroom,%20please?,%20the%20boy%20asked
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/direct-and-reported-speech/direct-and-reported-speech#The%20boy%20asked%20if%20he%20could%20use%20the%20bathroom
tomorrow the next day
next week/month/year thefollowing week/month/year
yesterday the day before or the previousday
last week/month/year
the week/month
year before or the
previous week/month/year
now then/at that moment
Otros cambios
here there
I work a lot of in house - she said.
She said that She worked a lot of in house.
She saw a movie in my house - they said.
They said that she had seen a movie in my house.
We broke a window - you said.
You said that we had broken a window.
Marcus and john are going to park - We said.
We said that Marcus and John were going to park.
The children are crying - My mom said.
My mom said that the children were crying.
You have a good ideas - Veronica said.
Veronica said that I had a good ideas
I am hungry = She said.
She said that she was hungry
You are good = he said
He said that he/you was/were good.
They are working in the factory = we said
She is a good teacher = my father said.
My father said that she was a good teacher.
Sample
"I'm hungry," Tom said.
 or 
Q1 of 10
Sarah asked, "Are you busy tonight?
Q2 of 10
"I am working in a hospital," she said.
Q3 of 10
"We made a great dinner last night," he said.
Q4 of 10
"They were living in Chicago when their son was born," she said.
Q5 of 10
"I have been to India three times," Melissa said.
Q6 of 10
"We have been waiting for the tickets for three hours," they said.
Q7 of 10
He asked, "Had you ever been to New York before?"
Q8 of 10
"I am from Australia," Pam said.
Q9 of 10
"You must drive slowly here," the police officer told me.
Q10 of 10
station / please / me / take / the / to / train