actividad 1 matter 2 - Sebastián Ruiz Chong

Vista previa del material en texto

Matter and Enery II 
 
506 
 
Actividad 1 
 
Sebastian Ruiz Chong 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14/08/2022 
Satyendra Nath Bose Biography 
 
Satyendra Nath Bose was born into a middle-class family on January 1, 1894 in 
British India’s capital city, Calcutta, Bengal Presidency. Today the city is known as 
Kolkata. 
Satyendra’s father was Surendranath Bose, an accountant in the East Indian 
Railway Company. Surendranath had a great interest in mathematics & science and 
in 1903 founded a small pharmaceutical and chemical company. Satyendra’s mother 
was Amodini Devi, a lawyer’s daughter. Satyendra was the couple’s eldest child and 
their only son; in the years following Satyendra’s birth, his parents had six daughters. 
At age five, Satyendra enrolled at his local elementary school. Later, after his family 
moved to Calcutta’s Goabagan neighborhood, he became a pupil at the New Indian 
School. 
His father encouraged Satyendra’s mathematical skills. Each morning, before 
leaving for work, he would write arithmetic problems on the floor for his son to solve. 
Satyendra always solved these before his father returned home. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In 1907, at age 13, Satyendra began high school at the Hindu School. He was quickly 
recognized as an outstanding pupil, especially in mathematics and the sciences. His 
mathematics teacher believed he had the potential to become a great 
mathematician. 
By 1909, age 15, Satyendra Bose had completed high school. He began a Bachelor 
of Science degree at Calcutta’s Presidency College, which is located next to the 
Hindu School. He majored in Applied Mathematics, and again he proved to be an 
outstanding student, graduating in 1913 at the top of his class, with first class honors. 
Bose decided he wanted to remain in academia. He enrolled for a master’s degree 
in Applied Mathematics at the University of Calcutta. In 1915, age 21, he graduated 
at the top of his class. He also learned enough scientific German and French to read 
works published in these languages. 
In 1921, Bose joined the physics department at the University of Dhaka, which had 
then been recently formed, and went on to establish new departments, laboratories 
and libraries in which he could teach advanced courses. He wrote a paper in 1924 
in which he derived Planck's quantum radiation law without referencing classical 
physics, which he was able to do by counting states with identical properties. The 
paper would later prove seminal in creating the field of quantum statistics. Bose sent 
the paper to Einstein in Germany, and the scientist recognized its importance, 
translated it into German and submitted it on Bose's behalf to the prestigious 
scientific journal Zeitschrift für Physik. The publication led to recognition, and Bose 
was granted a leave of absence to work in Europe for two years at X-ray and 
crystallography laboratories, where he worked alongside Einstein and Marie Curie, 
among others. 
Einstein had adopted Bose's idea and extended it to atoms, which led to the 
prediction of the existence of phenomena that became known as the Bose-Einstein 
Condensate, a dense collection of bosons particles with integer spin that were 
named for Bose. 
https://www.biography.com/scientist/marie-curie
Capillarity 
capillarity, rise or depression of a liquid in a small passage such as a tube of small 
cross-sectional area, like the spaces between the fibers of a towel or the openings 
in a porous material. Capillarity is not limited to the vertical direction. 
Liquids that rise in small-bore tubes inserted into the liquid are said to wet the tube, 
whereas liquids that are depressed within thin tubes below the surface of the 
surrounding liquid do not wet the tube. Water is a liquid that wets glass capillary 
tubes; mercury is one that does not. When wetting does not occur, capillarity does 
not occur. 
Capillarity is the result of surface, or interfacial, forces. The rise of water in a thin 
tube inserted in water is caused by forces of attraction between the molecules of 
water and the glass walls and among the molecules of water themselves. These 
attractive forces just balance the force of gravity of the column of water that has risen 
to a characteristic height. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
https://www.britannica.com/science/liquid-state-of-matter
https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/porous
https://www.britannica.com/science/mercury-chemical-element
https://www.britannica.com/science/force-physics
https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/characteristic
Surface Tension 
The cohesive forces between molecules in a liquid are shared with all neighboring 
molecules. Those on the surface have no neighboring molecules above and, thus, 
exhibit stronger attractive forces upon their nearest neighbors on and below the 
surface. Surface tension could be defined as the property of the surface of a liquid 
that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of the water 
molecules. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Water molecules want to cling to each other. At the surface, however, there are fewer 
water molecules to cling to since there is air above. This results in a stronger bond 
between those molecules that do meet one another, and a layer of strongly bonded 
water. This surface layer is held by surface tension, it creates a considerable barrier 
between the atmosphere and the water. In fact, other than mercury, water has the 
greatest surface tension of any liquid. 
 
https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/atmosphere-and-water-cycle
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
References 
Famous Scientists. (2018, August 16). S. N. Bose - Biography, Facts and Pictures. Retrieved 
August 14, 2022, from https://www.famousscientists.org/s-n-bose/ 
B. (2019, August 21). Satyendra Nath Bose. Biography. Retrieved August 14, 2022, from 
https://www.biography.com/scientist/satyendra-nath-bose 
capillarity | physics. (2016, September 16). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved August 14, 
2022, from https://www.britannica.com/science/capillarity 
Water Science School. (2019, October 22). Surface Tension and Water | U.S. Geological 
Survey. Retrieved August 14, 2022, from https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-
science-school/science/surface-tension-and-water 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
https://www.famousscientists.org/s-n-bose/
https://www.biography.com/scientist/satyendra-nath-bose
https://www.britannica.com/science/capillarity
https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/surface-tension-and-water
https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/surface-tension-and-water