POSTER ENGLISH VERSION (final) - Ximena Monserrat Zapata Rodriguez

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INVESTIGATION ABOUT PRESENCE OF OPPORTUNISTIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI ISOLATED ON CELL PHONES
LÓPEZ-VILLAGRÁN DM, ROSSO-ROJAS MS; ZAMARRIPA-DÍAZ AY; ZAPATA RODRÍGUEZ XM; TOVAR-OVIEDO J; MARTÍNEZ GUTIÉRREZ F.
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP., San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México.
MATERIALS, METHODS AND RESULTS
A) Survey on cell phone cleaning.
CONCLUSIONS
The microorganisms isolated from cell phones coincide with those classified by the WHO as a health emergency in the world, which is why they constitute a risk for developing infectious diseases in immunosuppressed people.
Cell phone users need to implement disinfection measures to avoid fungal and bacterial infections as much as posible.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA:
Amanah A, Apriyanto DR, Fitriani H. Isolation of surveillance pathogenic fungal microbial contaminant on mobile phone. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(20):3393–6.​
Lemus-Espinoza D, Lemus R, Maniscalchi Badaoui MT, Bónoli S. CONTAMINACIÓN BACTERIANA Y FÚNGICA EN EQUIPOS DE TELEFONÍA MÓVIL EN BARCELONA, ESTADO ANZOÁTEGUI, VENEZUELA. Saber (Cumana). 2015;27(4):547–53.​
Morubagal RR, Shivappa SG, Mahale RP, Neelambike SM. Study of bacterial flora associated with mobile phones of healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers. Iran J Microbiol. 2017;9(3):143–51.​
Muñoz Escobedo JJ, Varela Castillo L, Chávez Romero PB, Becerra Sánchez A, Moreno García MA. Bacterias patógenas aisladas de teléfonos celulares del personal y alumnos de la Clínica Multidisciplinaria (CLIMUZAC) de la unidad Académica de Odontología de la UAZ. Arch venez farmacol ter. 2012;31(2):23–31.​
Olsen M, Campos M, Lohning A, Jones P, Legget J, Bannach-Brown A, et al. Mobile phones represent a pathway for microbial transmission: A scoping review. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;35(101704):101704.​
INTRODUCTION
Since the commercialization of cell phones in 1979, they have gradually become an essential element for people of all ages and places in the world, being an effective vehicle for transporting various aerobic mesophilic organisms in which pathogens can be included for man, as well as filamentous fungi and yeasts.
OBJECTIVES
General objective
Apply the knowledge of the course on Microscopic Agents and the human being in solving problems related to human health, considering cell phones as a carrier of microorganisms.
Specific Objectives
Search for AM, filamentous fungi and yeasts in cell phones of university community.
Identify in cell phones the presence of microorganisms of clinical importance in human life.
DISCUSSION
The bacterial strains isolated from cell phones in the present investigation coincide with those reported by Muñoz E., et. al., to and Lemus E., et. al., who report that those with the greatest presence are those of the gender Staphylococcus sp., which, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can cause infections in immunosuppressed patients.
Escherichia coli is an indicator of fecal contamination.
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma viride and the yeasts of the genus Candida are mentioned in the article published by Lemus E., et. to the. as microorganisms present in cell phones.
 
	Microorganismo encontrado	% de celulares
	Otros estafilococos	26.6
	Staphylococcus aureus	63.3
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	26.6
	Escherichia coli	10
	Otras enterobacterias	43.3
	Trichoderma viride	3.3
	 Alternaria sp.	3.3 
	Candida sp.	13.3
Candida sp.
Alternaria sp.
Trichoderma viride
SPECIFIC CONCLUSION
With the tools acquired in the theoretical-practical course of Microscopic Agents and the Human Being, it was possible to identify various microorganisms present in cell phones, which applies the knowledge to analyze other types of samples that are suspected of being of clinical interest, as well as contribute in solving problems related to General Microbiology.
B) The sampling was carried out by swep with the use of a sterile swab impregnated with trypticase soy broth (CTS) passing it throughout the cell and subsequently the swab was resuspended in a tube with 2 mL of CTS.
C) For the quantification of microorganisms (AM, filamentous fungi and yeasts) the sample of the tube was seeded by mat with a calibrated loop of 0.01 mL in trypticase soy and potato destroxa agar and incubated at 35 ° C for 48 h and 25 ° C for 6 days respectively.
D) To search for microorganisms of clinical interest, the surplus of the CTS with the cell phone samples was incubated for 24 h and they were sown in selective and differential media: Mc Conkey , Salt and mannitol, Eosin-methylene blue, Cetrimide and Biggy agar and were incubated at 35 ° C for 24-48 h
E) Identification tests: Based on the development of the tests obtained in the crops, the colonies were subjected to Gram stain tests, oxidase, catalase, and coagulase. A macro and microscopic characterization of fungi was carried out.
1
Cuantificación de UFC y UFP en celulares
0	200	400	600	800	1000	1200	1400	1800	2200	2800	3600	3800	5800	6000	7600	13	5	4	2	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	1	0	Total UFC	11	4	2	1	2	0	2	2	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	Número total de UFC y UFP
Cantidad de teléfonos
DO YOU CLEAN YOUR CELL PHONE?
Número de encuestados = 30
DO YOU CLEAN YOUR CELL PHONE?	
NO	YES (daily, once, twice at week/month)	0.433	0.56699999999999995	
RESULTS
A)
C) CUANTIFICATION OF CFU AND PFU IN CELL PHONES
DO YOU CLEAN YOUR CELL PHONE?
number of respondents= 30
DO YOU CLEAN YOUR CELL PHONE?	
NO	YES (daily, once, twice at week/month)	0.	433	0.56699999999999995	
Quantification of CFU and PFU in cell phones
0	200	400	600	800	1000	1200	1400	1800	2200	2800	3600	3800	5800	6000	7600	13	5	4	2	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	1	0	Total UFC	11	4	2	1	2	0	2	2	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	Total number of CFU and PFU
Number of cell phones
Catalase +
Manitol +
Manitol -
Coagulase +
Gram+ cocci
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Coagulase -
Staphylococcus epidemidis
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Gram - Bacilli
Oxidase +
Oxidase -
Growth in Cetrimide Agar
Fluorescein production
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Lactose fermenters
Non-fermenting lactose
Genres: Klebsiella, Proteus and Escherichia
Genres: Yersinia, Shigella and Salmonella
Escherichia coli
Development of metallic green luster in EMB Agar
	Microorganism found	% of cell phones
	Staphylococcus sp.	26.6
	Staphylococcus aureus	63.3
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	26.6
	E. coli	10
	Other Enterobacteriaceae	43.3
More sensitive indetification methods for bacteria
Traditional biochemical tests
API 20E
RESULTS
D)
PRESENCE OF VIRUS IN CELL PHONES
The 2019 SARS-CoV-2 outbreak responsible for COVID-19 epidemic has presented an unprecedented high velocity of virus spread. While the SS + RNA enveloped virus can be destroyed by handwashing with appropriate disinfectants, 
mobile phones once touched can re-contaminate the user and pose a biothreat risk for infection spread globally. 
They can contribute to crossing all borders especially as they are omnipresentin modern transport, and human-to-human social contact scenarios. Mobile phones can also contribute to the contamination and genesis of additional secondary fomites (door knobs, airport self-check in stations, bus polls, ATM monitors, lift buttons, etc)
PARASITES ON CELL PHONES
You can get Giardia Lamblia by touching surfaces contaminated with feces from an infected person (such as changing tables or bathroom fixtures). By taking the cell phone to these types of sites, it becomes a source of subsequent infection for the owner of the phone, since it is something that is generally carried to the face or that is held in the hands and later can be taken to the mouth and either directly, or in contact with our food for ingestion.
Candida sp.
Trichoderma viride
Alternaria sp.
	Microorganism found	% of cells phones
	Trichoderma viride	3.3
	 Alternaria sp.	3.3 
	Candida sp.	13.3
INVESTIGATION ABOUT PRESENCE OF OPPORTUNISTIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI ISOLATED ON CELL PHONES
LÓPEZ-VILLAGRÁN DM, ROSSO-ROJAS MS; ZAMARRIPA-DÍAZ AY; ZAPATA RODRÍGUEZ XM; TOVAR-OVIEDO J; MARTÍNEZ GUTIÉRREZ F.
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP., San Luis Potosí,S.L.P., México.
MATERIALS, METHODS AND RESULTS
A) Survey on cell phone cleaning.
CONCLUSIONS
The microorganisms isolated from cell phones coincide with those classified by the WHO as a health emergency in the world, which is why they constitute a risk for developing infectious diseases in immunosuppressed people.
Cell phone users need to implement disinfection measures to avoid fungal and bacterial infections as much as posible.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA:
Amanah A, Apriyanto DR, Fitriani H. Isolation of surveillance pathogenic fungal microbial contaminant on mobile phone. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(20):3393–6.​
Lemus-Espinoza D, Lemus R, Maniscalchi Badaoui MT, Bónoli S. CONTAMINACIÓN BACTERIANA Y FÚNGICA EN EQUIPOS DE TELEFONÍA MÓVIL EN BARCELONA, ESTADO ANZOÁTEGUI, VENEZUELA. Saber (Cumana). 2015;27(4):547–53.​
Morubagal RR, Shivappa SG, Mahale RP, Neelambike SM. Study of bacterial flora associated with mobile phones of healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers. Iran J Microbiol. 2017;9(3):143–51.​
Muñoz Escobedo JJ, Varela Castillo L, Chávez Romero PB, Becerra Sánchez A, Moreno García MA. Bacterias patógenas aisladas de teléfonos celulares del personal y alumnos de la Clínica Multidisciplinaria (CLIMUZAC) de la unidad Académica de Odontología de la UAZ. Arch venez farmacol ter. 2012;31(2):23–31.​
Olsen M, Campos M, Lohning A, Jones P, Legget J, Bannach-Brown A, et al. Mobile phones represent a pathway for microbial transmission: A scoping review. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;35(101704):101704.​
INTRODUCTION
Since the commercialization of cell phones in 1979, they have gradually become an essential element for people of all ages and places in the world, being an effective vehicle for transporting various aerobic mesophilic organisms in which pathogens can be included for man, as well as filamentous fungi and yeasts.
OBJECTIVES
General objective
Apply the knowledge of the course on Microscopic Agents and the human being in solving problems related to human health, considering cell phones as a carrier of microorganisms.
Specific Objectives
Search for AM, filamentous fungi and yeasts in cell phones of university community.
Identify in cell phones the presence of microorganisms of clinical importance in human life.
DISCUSSION
The bacterial strains isolated from cell phones in the present investigation coincide with those reported by Muñoz E., et. al., to and Lemus E., et. al., who report that those with the greatest presence are those of the gender Staphylococcus sp., which, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can cause infections in immunosuppressed patients.
Escherichia coli is an indicator of fecal contamination.
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma viride and the yeasts of the genus Candida are mentioned in the article published by Lemus E., et. to the. as microorganisms present in cell phones.
 
	Microorganismo encontrado	% de celulares
	Otros estafilococos	26.6
	Staphylococcus aureus	63.3
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	26.6
	Escherichia coli	10
	Otras enterobacterias	43.3
	Trichoderma viride	3.3
	 Alternaria sp.	3.3 
	Candida sp.	13.3
Candida sp.
Alternaria sp.
Trichoderma viride
SPECIFIC CONCLUSION
With the tools acquired in the theoretical-practical course of Microscopic Agents and the Human Being, it was possible to identify various microorganisms present in cell phones, which applies the knowledge to analyze other types of samples that are suspected of being of clinical interest, as well as contribute in solving problems related to General Microbiology.
B) The sampling was carried out by swep with the use of a sterile swab impregnated with trypticase soy broth (CTS) passing it throughout the cell and subsequently the swab was resuspended in a tube with 2 mL of CTS.
C) For the quantification of microorganisms (AM, filamentous fungi and yeasts) the sample of the tube was seeded by mat with a calibrated loop of 0.01 mL in trypticase soy and potato destroxa agar and incubated at 35 ° C for 48 h and 25 ° C for 6 days respectively.
D) To search for microorganisms of clinical interest, the surplus of the CTS with the cell phone samples was incubated for 24 h and they were sown in selective and differential media: Mc Conkey , Salt and mannitol, Eosin-methylene blue, Cetrimide and Biggy agar and were incubated at 35 ° C for 24-48 h
E) Identification tests: Based on the development of the tests obtained in the crops, the colonies were subjected to Gram stain tests, oxidase, catalase, and coagulase. A macro and microscopic characterization of fungi was carried out.
5
Cuantificación de UFC y UFP en celulares
0	200	400	600	800	1000	1200	1400	1800	2200	2800	3600	3800	5800	6000	7600	13	5	4	2	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	1	0	Total UFC	11	4	2	1	2	0	2	2	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	Número total de UFC y UFP
Cantidad de teléfonos
DO YOU CLEAN YOUR CELL PHONE?
Número de encuestados = 30
DO YOU CLEAN YOUR CELL PHONE?	
NO	YES (daily, once, twice at week/month)	0.433	0.56699999999999995