<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/a71610bc-9541-4390-b073-4fd5f240c6e7/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">INSTITUCION DE ENSEÑANZAS E INVESTIGACION EN CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CAMPUS VERACRUZ</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y4 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">PROGRAMA DE MAESTRÍA EN AGROECOSISTEMAS TROPICALES</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y5 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CTH-604 AGRONOMÍA</div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y6 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">REPORTE DE PRÁCTICA </div><div class="t m0 x7 h4 y7 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Gonzalo Ammiel Gómez Salgado</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x8 y8 w2 h5" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/a71610bc-9541-4390-b073-4fd5f240c6e7/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y9 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">LA PREPARACION DEL SUELO Y SUS IMPLEMENTOS AGRICOLAS</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 ya ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Gonzalo Ammiel <span class="ff2 ws1">Gómez-Salgado</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 yb ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">INTRODUCCION</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 yc ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">La<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>necesidad<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>preparar<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>el<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>suelo,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>nace<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>cu<span class="blank _3"> </span>ando<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>el<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>hombre<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>decide<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>adaptar<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>las</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 yd ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">condiciones<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>este<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>los<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>requerimientos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>una<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>planta<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>con<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>el<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>fin<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>cultivarla<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>para<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>su</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 ye ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">alimentación.<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _6"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>Según<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff2"> <span class="blank _6"> </span>FAO<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>(2002)</span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>en<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>la<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>agricultura<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>Convencional<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>l<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>suelo</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 yf ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">frecuentemente <span class="blank _3"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _4"> </span>considerado <span class="blank _3"> </span>como<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>un<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>sustrato<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>que<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>proporciona<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>apoyo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>físico,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>agua<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y10 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">nutrientes<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>las<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>plantas.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>La<span class="blank _4"> </span> p<span class="blank _3"> </span>reparación<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>del<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>suelo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>también<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>conocida<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>como<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>labranza,</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y11 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">busca<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>crear<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>condiciones<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>favorables<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>para<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>el<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>buen<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>desarrollo<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>los<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>cultivos,<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>s<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>decir,</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y12 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">crear<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>condiciones<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>para<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>recibir<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>semilla,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>garantizar<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>una<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>buena<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>y<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>rápida<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>germinación,</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y13 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">facilitar<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>el<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>buen<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>so<span class="blank _3"> </span>stén<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>la<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>planta<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>y<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>producir<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>buenas<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>cosechas,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>mejorando<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>las</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y14 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">condiciones<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>óptimas<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>y<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>necesarias<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>para<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>llevar<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>a<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>cabo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>siembra.<span class="blank _4"> </span><span class="ff2"> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Millán<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>(1983)</span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>señaló</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y15 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">que<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>preparación<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>tierra<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>una<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>las<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>prácticas<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>agronómicas<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>más<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>importantes,</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y16 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">que<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>inciden<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>sobre<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>el<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>comportamiento<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>y<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>rendimiento<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>los<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>materiales<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>sembrados.<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>La</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y17 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">preparación<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>precipitada,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>momentos<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>antes<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>l<span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>siembra,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>sin<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>tener<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>en<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>cuenta<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y18 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">exigencia<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>del<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>cultivo,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>conlleva:<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>falta<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>uniformidad<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>en<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>rofundidad<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>siembra,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>una</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y19 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">germinación<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>no<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>uniforme,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>deficiente<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>control<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>la<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>vegetación<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>indeseable<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>y<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>una</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y1a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Incidencia temprana de plagas.</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y1b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">El<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>objetivo<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>la<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>práctica<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>es<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>conocer<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>los<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>principales<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>implementos<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>utilizados<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y1c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">labranza,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>analizando<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>los<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>componentes<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>cada<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>uno,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>labor<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>función<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>que<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>realizan<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y1d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">el suelo y costos por este servicio.</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y1e ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">MATERIALES Y METODOS</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y1f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Esta<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>práctica<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>llevó<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>cabo<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>dentro<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>las</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y20 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">instalaciones<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>del<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>COLPOS<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Veracruz<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>ubicado<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>en</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y21 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Carretera<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Xalapa-Veracruz<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>km<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>88.5,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Tepetates,</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y22 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">municipio<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> Manlio<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Fabio<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Altamirano,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Veracruz.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xc h7 y9 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">El<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>municipio<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>encuentra<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Entre<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>los<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>paralelos<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>18°<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>58\u2019<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>y<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>19<span class="blank _3"> </span>°<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>12\u2019<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>de<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>latitud<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>norte;<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>los</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y23 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">meridianos<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>96°<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>16\u2019<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>y<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>96°<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>27\u2019<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>longitud<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>oeste;<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>altitud<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>entre<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>20<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>y<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>100<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>m,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Su<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>clima<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y24 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cálido-seco-regular<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>con<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>una<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>temperatura<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>promedio<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>25.2º<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>C.;<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>su<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>precipitación<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>pluvial</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y25 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">media<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>anual<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>909<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>milímetros.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Su<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>suelo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>tipo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>vertisol,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>se<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>caracteriza<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>por<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>ser</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y26 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">duro,<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>presenta<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>grietas<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>anchas<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>y<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>profundas<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>en<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>sequía<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>con<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>tonalidades<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>negras,<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>es</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y27 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">susceptible<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>a<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>la<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>erosión.<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>El<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>52%<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>del<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>territorio<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>municipal<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>es<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>dedicado<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>a<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>actividades</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y28 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">agrícolas<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>y<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>forestales,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>un<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>35%<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>a<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>ganadería,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>un<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>10%<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>son<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>cauces<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>río,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>caminos<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>e</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y29 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">inaprovechables y un 3% es urbano. / INEGI. Marco Geoestadístico, 2000.</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y2a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Se<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>realizó<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>una<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>visita<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>al<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>almacén<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>maquinaria<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>agrícola<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>que<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>se<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>encuentra<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>junto<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>a<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y2b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">borreguera<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>dentro<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>las<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>instalaciones<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>del<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>campus<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Veracruz<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>con<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>la<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>finalidad<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y2c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">identificar<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>cuales<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>son<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>las<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>labores<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>principales<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>preparación<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>del<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>suelo,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>con<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y2d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">implementos<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>se<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>realizan,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>cuáles<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>son<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>sus<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>componentes<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>y<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>cuál<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>la<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>función<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>estos</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y2e ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">componentes<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>en<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>el<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>suelo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>agrícola.<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Además,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>se<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>realizó<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>una<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>actividad<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>donde<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>el<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>alumno</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y2f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pudo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>manejar<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>el<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>tractor<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>para<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>tener<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>una<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>experiencia<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>vivencial<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>lúdica<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>sobre<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>las<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>labores</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y30 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>labranza.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Se<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>tomo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>evidencia<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>fotográfica<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>cada<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>una<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>los<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>implementos<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>agrícolas</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y31 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">con la cámara de un celular motorola g8 plus</div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y32 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">RESULTADOS Y DISCUSION</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y33 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Guevara (2000) <span class="ff3">expresa que el propósito de la labranza es preparar el suelo para el </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y34 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cultivo. Tradicionalmente esta preparación se real<span class="blank _c"></span>iza empleando un arado, que penetra </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y35 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">en el suelo y voltea la tierra, arrancando o eliminan<span class="blank _c"></span>do las \u201cmalas hierbas\u201d que crecen en</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y36 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">el terreno, removiendo y aflojando las capas superfici<span class="blank _c"></span>ales del suelo y dejando un lecho </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y37 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">con la humedad suficiente para que germinen l<span class="blank _c"></span>as semillas sembradas.</div><div class="t m0 xe h6 y38 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Tipos de labranza</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y39 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">Primaria</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y3a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Son todas aquellas labores que se realizan por deba<span class="blank _c"></span>jo de los 20 cm del suelo y tienen </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y3b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">por objetivo voltear, invertir o romper el suelo, para facilitar el movim<span class="blank _c"></span>iento o paso de </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y3c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">agua y aire e incorporar materia orgánica</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y3d ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">Secundaria<span class="ff3 ws0"> </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xf y3e w3 h8" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/a71610bc-9541-4390-b073-4fd5f240c6e7/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 xc h7 y9 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Son todas aquellas labores realizadas para disgr<span class="blank _c"></span>egar la tierra volteada por el arado, con</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y23 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">el fin de producir que el suelo se afloje para una me<span class="blank _c"></span>jor siembra</div><div class="t m0 x10 h6 y3f ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Maquinaria agrícola</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y40 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">Tractor</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y41 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">El<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>tipo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>tractor<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>que<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>vimos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>en<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>práctica<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>fue<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>el<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>modelo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>4235<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>marca<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Jhon<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Derre</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y42 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">del<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>ño<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>1974<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>(Figura<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>1)<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>con<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>un<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>peso<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>casi<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>5<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>toneladas<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>este<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>tractor<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>funciona<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>con</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y43 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Diesel <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> a<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>fecha<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>sigue <span class="blank _3"> </span>funcionando<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>, <span class="blank _3"> </span>es<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>importante <span class="blank _3"> </span>recalcar<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span> a<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la <span class="blank _3"> </span>mayoría<span class="blank _3"> </span> d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>los</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y44 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tractores<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>se<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>les<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>llenan<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>con<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>agua<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>las<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>llantas<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>p<span class="blank _c"></span>ara<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>mejorar<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>la<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>adherencia<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>al<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>suelo</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y45 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">agrícola. </div><div class="t m0 x11 h9 y46 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Figura 1 tractor utilizado en la práctica modelo 4235, imagen ilustrativa.</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y47 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Podríamos<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>decir<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>que<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>los<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>tractores<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>son<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>maquinas<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>autopropulsadas<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>y<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>construidas<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y48 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">realizar<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>labores<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>agrícolas<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>en<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>dive<span class="blank _3"> </span>rsos<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>tipos<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>suelos<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>y<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>condiciones,<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>estas<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>maquinas</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y49 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">son <span class="blank _3"> </span>utilizadas <span class="blank _3"> </span>para <span class="blank _3"> </span>operar <span class="blank _3"> </span>implementos <span class="blank _3"> </span>integrales <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>él, <span class="blank _3"> </span>algunos <span class="blank _3"> </span>se <span class="blank _3"> </span>acoplan <span class="blank _3"> </span>al<span class="blank _3"> </span> enganche</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y4a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>tres<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>puntos<span class="blank _4"> </span> d<span class="blank _3"> </span>el<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>tractor<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>otros<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>son<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>tiro;<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>decir<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>solo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>se<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>enganchan<span class="blank _4"> </span> a<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> barra<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y4b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tiro.<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Existen<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>diversos<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>tipos<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>implementos<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>para<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>el<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>tractor<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>como<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>son,<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>ch<span class="blank _3"> </span>apeadora,</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y4c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">subsuelo,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>niveladora,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>zanjadora<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>etc.<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>El<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>siguiente<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>cuadro<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>muestra<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>cu<span class="blank _3"> </span>ales<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>son<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>los</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y4d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">principales implementos utilizados en las labores de preparación del suelo, <span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="ff4">Véase Cuadro</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y4e ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0">1</div><div class="t m0 x12 h9 y4f ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Trabajo<span class="blank"> </span>Objetivo<span class="blank _d"> </span><span class="ff4 ws3">Implementos</span></div><div class="t m0 x13 ha y50 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Operación </div><div class="t m0 x13 ha y51 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">preliminar</div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y50 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Limpieza del terreno para su </div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y51 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">posterior arado.</div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y52 ff6 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0b7<span class="ff4 ls0 ws3">Chapeadora</span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y53 ff6 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0b7<span class="ff4 ls0 ws3">Segadora</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xf y54 w3 hb" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/a71610bc-9541-4390-b073-4fd5f240c6e7/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x13 ha y55 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Labranza </div><div class="t m0 x13 ha y56 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">primaria</div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y55 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Aflojar la tierra, volteado y </div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y56 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">aireación.</div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y57 ff6 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0b7<span class="ff4 ls0 ws3">Subsuelo</span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y58 ff6 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0b7<span class="ff4 ls0 ws0">Arado de </span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h9 y59 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">discos</div><div class="t m0 x13 ha y5a ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Labranza </div><div class="t m0 x13 ha y5b ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">secundaria</div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y5a ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Preparar una cama superficial</div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y5b ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">fina para la germinación de </div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y5c ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">semillas </div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y5d ff6 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0b7<span class="ff4 ls0 ws0">Rastra de </span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h9 y5e ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">discos</div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y5f ff6 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0b7<span class="ff4 ls0 ws3">Niveladoras</span></div><div class="t m0 x13 ha y60 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Operación </div><div class="t m0 x13 ha y61 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">del cultivo</div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y60 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Aflojar el suelo, distancia </div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y61 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">entre plantas, aporque y </div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y62 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">romper costras, así como </div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y63 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">surcos para riego</div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y64 ff6 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0b7<span class="ff4 ls0 ws3">Surcador</span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y65 ff6 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0b7<span class="ff4 ls0 ws3">Enlomador</span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y66 ff6 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0b7<span class="ff4 ls0 ws3">Zanjeador</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y67 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cuadro 1 principales implementos utilizados en la preparación del s<span class="blank _3"> </span>uelo.</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y68 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">El arado </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y69 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">este <span class="blank _3"> </span>implemento<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>es<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>utilizado <span class="blank _3"> </span>para<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>preparación <span class="blank _3"> </span>del<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>suelo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>conocido <span class="blank _3"> </span>como<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>barbecho<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>,re</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y6a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">realiza en específico sobre tierras arcillosas o que han estad<span class="blank _c"></span>o sin cultivar, se utiliza para</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y6b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">el <span class="blank _4"> </span>volteo <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>tierra,<span class="blank _3"> </span> eliminación<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>maleas<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>prevención <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>problemas<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> plagas<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>en<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>el</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y6c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">suelo,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>profundidad<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>trabajo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>25<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>a<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>35<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>cm,<span class="blank _4"> </span><span class="ff1 fs4 ls2"> </span>El<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>arado<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>lleva,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>además<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>una<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>ru<span class="blank _3"> </span>eda</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y6d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">guía<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>o<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>rueda<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>timón<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>que<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>va<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>por<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>el<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>surco<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>dejado<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>por<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>el<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>último<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>cuerpo<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>del<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>arado.<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Esta</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y6e ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">rueda<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>mantiene<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>dirección<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>del<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>arado<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>permite<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>controlar<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>profundidad<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>aradura</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y6f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">como se ve en la figura 2. </div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y70 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Figura 2 arado de discos, utilizado en la practica.</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y71 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">El costo<span class="blank _3"> </span> por <span class="blank _3"> </span>hectárea <span class="blank _3"> </span>de realizar <span class="blank _3"> </span>esta <span class="blank _3"> </span>labor ronda<span class="blank _3"> </span> los $<span class="blank _3"> </span> 1700 <span class="blank _3"> </span>pesos porque<span class="blank _3"> </span> es <span class="blank _3"> </span>una <span class="blank _3"> </span>labor</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y72 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">primaria<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>en<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>l<span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>preparación<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>del<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>suelo,<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>el<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>suelo<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>se<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>encuentra<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>más<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>compactado<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>y<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>es</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x17 y73 w4 hc" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/a71610bc-9541-4390-b073-4fd5f240c6e7/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 xc h7 y9 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">necesario<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>ejercer<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>mayor<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>cantidad<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>energía<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>po<span class="blank _3"> </span>r<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>ende<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>mayor<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>gasto<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>en<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>diésel<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>,<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>es</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y23 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">importante<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>mencionar<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>que<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>previo<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>esta<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>labor<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>es<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>necesario<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>haber<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>realizado<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>un</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y24 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">desmonte<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>que<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>consiste<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>en<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>retirar<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>arboles<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>ramas<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>gran<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>dimensión<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>para<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>no</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y25 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">obstaculizar el <span class="blank _3"> </span>paso de<span class="blank _3"> </span>l tractor, <span class="blank _3"> </span>esta<span class="blank _3"> </span> labor <span class="blank _3"> </span> ronda <span class="blank _3"> </span>los <span class="blank _3"> </span>1200 pesos/ <span class="blank _3"> </span>ha. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Aproximadamente</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y26 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">utilizando<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>solo<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>la<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>chapeadora<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>y<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>aumenta<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>si<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>hay<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>que<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>meter<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>jornales<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>para<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>el<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>retiro<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y27 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ramas o árboles.</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y74 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">El rastreo </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y75 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">El<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>rastreo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es <span class="blank _4"> </span>el <span class="blank _3"> </span>rompimiento,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>hasta <span class="blank _4"> </span>25 <span class="blank _3"> </span>cm<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>profundidad,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>los <span class="blank _3"> </span>terrones<span class="blank _4"> </span> grandes<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>q<span class="blank _3"> </span>ue</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y76 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">quedan después del<span class="blank _3"> </span> barbecho. A <span class="blank _3"> </span>veces incluye el <span class="blank _3"> </span>picado y<span class="blank _3"> </span> enterrado de<span class="blank _3"> </span> los residuos <span class="blank _3"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y77 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">las<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>cosechas<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>anteriores<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>los<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>abonos.<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>El<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>rastreo<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>hace<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>con<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>la<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>rastra<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y78 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">discos,como<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>en<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>la<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>figura<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>3<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>se<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>muestra,<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>existen<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>varios<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>tipos<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>rastras:<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>pesadas<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>y</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y79 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">livianas,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>por<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>lo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>que<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>profundidad<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>calidad<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>labor<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>está<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>ligada<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>al<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>tipo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>implemento</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y7a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">recordemos<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>que<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>se<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>utiliza<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>ara<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>labores<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>secundarias<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>el<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>costo<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>esta<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>labor<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>ronda<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>los</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y7b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">$1500 peos / ha.</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y7c ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Figura 3 rastra de discos esta no se utilizo por que estaban mal colocados los discos.</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y7d ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">EL nivelado</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y7e ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Para<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>aprovechar<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>el<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>agua<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>en<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>necesario<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>tener<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>una<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>buena<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>pendiente<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Para<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>ello<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>es</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y7f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">necesario <span class="blank _3"> </span>que<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>el<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>suelo, <span class="blank _3"> </span>después<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>haber <span class="blank _3"> </span>sido<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>barbechado <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>rastreado,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>quede <span class="blank _3"> </span>lo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>mejor</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y80 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">nivelado <span class="blank _3"> </span>posible <span class="blank _3"> </span>antes <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> se<span class="blank _3"> </span>mbrar. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Esta <span class="blank _3"> </span>labor<span class="blank _3"> </span> se<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>hace <span class="blank _3"> </span>con<span class="blank _3"> </span> la<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _3"> </span>niveladoras. <span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Con<span class="blank _3"> </span> ella<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>se</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y81 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">consigue<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>que<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>haya<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>buena<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>pendiente<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>y<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>una<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>cama<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>siembra<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>pareja<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>que<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>evite</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xc h7 y9 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">acumulación<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>agua<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>en<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>al<span class="blank _3"> </span>gunos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>sectores<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>déficit<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>en<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>otros.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>En<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>un<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>terreno<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>nivelado<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>se</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y23 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">facilita<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>el<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>riego<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>los<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>trabajos<span class="blank _4"> </span> d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>mantenimiento <span class="blank _4"> </span>del<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>cul<span class="blank _3"> </span>tivo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>como <span class="blank _4"> </span>el<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>control<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>malezas.</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y24 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Aunque<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>no<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>hablamos<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>mucho<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>esta<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>labor<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>ya<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>que<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>el<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>terreno<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>en<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>el<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>cual<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>se<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>re<span class="blank _3"> </span>alizó<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>la</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y25 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">práctica no requería este trabajo , el costo de esta labor ronda los 1300 pes<span class="blank _c"></span>os /ha</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y82 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">El surcado</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y83 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cada<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>cuerpo<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>surcador<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>posee<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>una<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>punta<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>que<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>abre<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>el<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>suelo<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>y<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>os<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>alas<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>opuestas</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y84 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">parecidas<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>a<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>las<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>vertederas<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>un<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>arado<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>que<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>echan<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>tierra<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>hacia<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>El<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>surcado<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>es<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>una</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y75 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">operación<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>que<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>consi<span class="blank _3"> </span>ste<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>en<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>formar<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>bordos<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>paralelos<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>hileras<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>sobre<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>la<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>cama<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y76 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">siembra,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>con<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>el<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>surcado<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>se<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>facilitan<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>labores<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>posteriores<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>como<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>distribución<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>del<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>agua</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y77 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">sobre <span class="blank _4"> </span>el <span class="blank _3"> </span>terreno,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>el<span class="blank _3"> </span> dre<span class="blank _3"> </span>naje, <span class="blank _3"> </span>el<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>control<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>malezas<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>cosecha.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Esta <span class="blank _3"> </span>labor<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>es<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>realizada</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y78 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">con<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>las<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>surcadoras. <span class="blank _3"> </span>El<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>costo <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>esta<span class="blank _4"> </span> labor<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>$1200 <span class="blank _3"> </span>peos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>/ <span class="blank _3"> </span>h<span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>aproximadamente<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>es</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y79 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">importante <span class="blank _3"> </span>recalcar<span class="blank _3"> </span> que<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span> el<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>surcado <span class="blank _3"> </span>debe<span class="blank _3"> </span> realizarse<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>perpendicular <span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span> d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>pendiente <span class="blank _3"> </span>con</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y7a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">el fin de evitar la erosión eólica e hídrica.</div><div class="t m0 x18 h6 y85 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">CONCLUSION</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y16 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> En esta práctica se adquirieron conocimientos básicos sobre cuá<span class="blank _c"></span>les son los principales</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y17 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">trabajos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>preparación<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>del<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>suelo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>agrícola,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>es<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>necesario<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>que<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>estas<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>labores<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>s<span class="blank _c"></span>e<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>realicen</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y18 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>manera<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>adecuad<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>a<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>fin<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>evitar<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>,<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>problemas<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>en<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>estancamiento<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>agua,<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>plagas<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>,</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y19 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">compactación<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>del<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>terreno,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>o<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>atraso<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>en<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>la<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>fecha<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>si<span class="blank _3"> </span>embra,<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>existen<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>diversos</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y1a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">implementos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>para<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>realizar<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>estas<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>labor<span class="blank _c"></span>es,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>pero<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>no<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>todos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>son<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>útiles<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>adecuados<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>ya<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>que</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y86 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">influye<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>factores<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>como<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>dimensión <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>superficie <span class="blank _4"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>sembrar,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>el<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>capital<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>del<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>agricultor,</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y87 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">el <span class="blank _3"> </span>estado <span class="blank _3"> </span>del<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>suelo, <span class="blank _3"> </span>inclusive <span class="blank _3"> </span>hasta <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>propia <span class="blank _3"> </span>orografía, <span class="blank _3"> </span>con<span class="blank _3"> </span> la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>revolución <span class="blank _3"> </span>verde<span class="blank _3"> </span> este<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>tipo</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y88 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>maquinaria<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>incremento<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>exponencialmente<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>su<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>uso<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>y<span class="blank _a"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>con<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>ello<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>trajo<span class="blank _2"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>impactos</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y38 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">negativos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>al<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>suelo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>agrícola,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>uno<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>ellos<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>erosión,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>la<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>tierra<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>es<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>un<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>recurso<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>natural<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>muy</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y89 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">frágil que necesita ser cuidado para nuestras futuras gener<span class="blank _c"></span>ación.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xc y0 w5 hd" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/a71610bc-9541-4390-b073-4fd5f240c6e7/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x19 ha y8a ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">LITERATURA CITADA</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y8b ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Castellanos,<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>M.<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>2012.<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Manual<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>P<span class="blank _3"> </span>reparación<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Suelos<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>con<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Tracción<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Animal.<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Programa<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y8c ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Manejo<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Integrado<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Plagas<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>en<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>América<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Central.<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Carrera<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Ciencia<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>y<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Producción</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y8d ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Agropecuaria. Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, El Zamorano, Honduras. 1 03p.</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y8e ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Blanco,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>G.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>2007.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Maquinaria<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>equipo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>para<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Laboreo <span class="blank _3"> </span>M<span class="blank _3"> </span>ínimo <span class="blank _4"> </span>y <span class="blank _3"> </span>Convencional.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Vida<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Rural.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>ISSN</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y8f ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1133-8738.<span class="blank _10"> </span> <span class="blank _10"> </span>N<span class="fs5 v1">o </span>53.<span class="blank _10"> </span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>Pág.<span class="blank _10"> </span> <span class="blank _10"> </span>68-73.Consultado:<span class="blank _10"> </span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>26/2/2018.Disponible</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y90 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">en: <span class="fc1 ws3">https://dialnet.unirioja.es/serviet/articulo</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y91 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">FAO,2000.Organización<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>las<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Naciones<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Unidas<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>para<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>la<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Agricul<span class="blank _c"></span>tura<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>y<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>la<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Alimentación.<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Los</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y92 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">principale <span class="blank _3"> </span>sistemas de <span class="blank _3"> </span>labranza.<span class="blank _3"> </span> Manual <span class="blank _3"> </span>de prácticas<span class="blank _3"> </span> integradas<span class="blank _3"> </span> de <span class="blank _3"> </span>manejo <span class="blank _3"> </span>y conservación</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y13 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de<span class="blank _12"> </span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>suelo<span class="blank _12"> </span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>8.<span class="blank _12"> </span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>Roma<span class="blank _c"></span>.<span class="blank _12"> </span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>Consultado:<span class="blank _12"> </span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>13/10/2015.<span class="blank _12"> </span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>Disponible<span class="blank _12"> </span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>en:</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y93 ff4 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">https://books.google.coao/books?id<span class="blank _13"></span> <span class="blank _14"> </span> .<span class="blank _15"></span> <span class="blank _15"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y94 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Guevara,<span class="blank _e"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>E.,<span class="blank _e"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>V.,<span class="blank _e"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>2000.<span class="blank _e"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>Labranza<span class="blank _16"> </span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>del<span class="blank _16"> </span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>suelo.Consultado:<span class="blank _e"> </span> <span class="blank _16"> </span>4/2/2013.Disponible<span class="blank _e"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>en:</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y95 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">http//:www.agronlin.tripod.com/suelo/id2.htm</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y96 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> Jhonn deere datos de tractortes <span class="fc2">John Deere 4235 Tractor Specifications<span class="blank _3"> </span> (tractor-data.com)</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y97 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fernández<span class="blank _4"> </span> J. <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> F.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Morales,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>2014.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Determinación<span class="blank _3"> </span> del<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>costo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>labranza<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> s<span class="blank _3"> </span>iembra <span class="blank _4"> </span>en las<span class="blank _4"> </span> Pampas.</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y98 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Universidad Nacional de las Pampas. Argentina.</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y99 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">López,<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>A.<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>2014.<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Comparación<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>costo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>entre<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>laboreo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Tradicional,<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>laboreo<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Mínimo<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>y<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Siembra</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y9a ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Directa.Consultado:<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>7/2/2018.Disponible<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>en:<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>www.pirosa.es/noticias-agrarias/Muñoz,<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>J., </div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y9b ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">K. Oleschko, M.</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y9c ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Millán,<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>A.<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>1983.<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Importancia<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>preparación<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>tierras<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>en<span class="blank _8"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>la<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>producción<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>de<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>maíz.<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>Y<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>sorgo.</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y9d ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">FONAIAP<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>D<span class="blank _3"> </span>ivulga<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>><span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>Colección<span class="blank _b"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>><span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>numero<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>11.Cons<span class="blank _3"> </span>ultado:<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>11/10/2015.Disponible<span class="blank _9"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>en:</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y9e ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">sian.inia.gob.ve/repositorio/revistas-técnicas.</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y9f ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ruiz-Espinoza,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>F.,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>C.<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Vázquez-<span class="blank _3"> </span>Vázquez,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>J.<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>García-Hernández,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>E.<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Salazar-Sosa,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>I.<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Orona-</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 ya0 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Castillo,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>R.<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>Zúñiga-Tarango,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>B.<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>Murillo-Amador,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>E.<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Jerez-Mompies,<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>y<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>F.<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>Beltrán-</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 ya1 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Morales <span class="blank _3"> </span>2009. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Comparación<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>del <span class="blank _3"> </span>costo<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>energético <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>dos <span class="blank _3"> </span>manejos <span class="blank _3"> </span>del<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>suelo <span class="blank _3"> </span>para<span class="blank _3"> </span> albahaca.</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 ya2 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Terra <span class="blank _3"> </span>Latinoamericana.<span class="blank _3"> </span> vol.27 no.4 Chapingo.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>México.Consultado:<span class="blank _3"> </span> 12/3/2018.Disponible</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 ya3 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">en: www.scielo.org.mx/scielo </div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:230.200000px;bottom:364.200000px;width:282.000000px;height:13.800000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:105.700000px;bottom:433.600000px;width:171.400000px;height:13.800000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:123.300000px;bottom:503.900000px;width:196.100000px;height:14.900000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xc ya4 w5 he" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/a71610bc-9541-4390-b073-4fd5f240c6e7/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 xc h9 ya5 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Santana,<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>M.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>y <span class="blank _3"> </span>J<span class="blank _3"> </span>.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Fuentes<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>1998<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>Preparación<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>sustentable<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>del <span class="blank _4"> </span>suelo. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Revista <span class="blank _4"> </span>Cañaveral. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Cuba, <span class="blank _4"> </span>4(4).</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 ya6 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">7-8 pp.</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 ya7 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Gómez-Calderón,<span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>N,<span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Villagra-Mendoza,<span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>K,<span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>&<span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Solorzano-Quintana,M.<span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>2018.<span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>La<span class="blank"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>labranza</div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 ya8 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mecanizada<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>y<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>su<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>impacto<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>en<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>la<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>conservación<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>del<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>suelo<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>(revisión<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>literaria).<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="ff7 ws3">Revista</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h9 ya9 ff7 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Tecnología en Marcha<span class="ff4">, </span><span class="ws3">31</span><span class="ff4">(1), 167-177. <span class="fc3 ws3">https://dx.doi.org/10.18845/tm.v31i1.3506</span></span></div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:299.000000px;bottom:633.600000px;width:205.800000px;height:14.900000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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