What is the structure of a typical vertebra?

A typical vertebra is composed of two parts: a body, in front, and a vertebral arch, behind.
The body of a vertebra is a short and wide bone located in its anterior part with the function of supporting weight, so it is considered a static part.
The vertebral arch is a bony arch located in the posterior part of the vertebra attached to the vertebral body, with the function of protecting the spinal cord, which it surrounds.
When the vertebrae articulate with each other, the successive vertebral orifices form the vertebral canal or spinal canal through which the spinal cord passes.
In each vertebral arch, 7 bony protrusions originate: one spinous process, two transverse processes, and four articular processes.