What are the signs and symptoms of infiltration and phlebitis, and what should be done in case they occur during intravenous therapy?

The signs and symptoms of infiltration include discomfort, inflammation, burning, tightness, cold skin, paleness, and slow flow rate. If infiltration occurs, the infusion should be stopped, the catheter should be removed, the limb should be elevated, the pulse and capillary refill should be checked, and a new peripheral route should be established in the other arm or above the site of infiltration.
The signs and symptoms of phlebitis include warmth, redness, inflammation, fever, and general discomfort. If phlebitis occurs, the infusion should be stopped, the catheter should be removed, the catheter tip should be sent for culture, and warm compresses should be applied before establishing a new route.
Aseptic technique should be maintained for catheter care. Non-sterile single-use or sterile gloves should be used. If non-sterile gloves are used, the access site cannot be touched after application of the antiseptic.
Antiseptic solution should be applied. Chlorhexidine 2% is recommended, but 70% alcohol can be used as an alternative. The antiseptic should be allowed to dry before any manipulation is performed.
The completeness of the procedure should be recorded in the patient's chart, including the procedure performed, the patient's response, the assessment of the insertion site, the assessment of the permeability, and the care provided.