What were the contributions of Spencer, Lombroso, and jurists to the formation of criminology?

Spencer, Lombroso, and jurists were the main contributors to the formation of criminology.
The positivist paradigm was the main contribution of Spencer, Lombroso, and jurists to the formation of criminology.
The etiological paradigm, which is the search for the pathological origins of deviant or criminal behavior, was the main contribution of Spencer, Lombroso, and jurists to the formation of criminology.
The ideas of Spencer, Lombroso, and jurists were rejected by the German penal law, which continued to develop theoretical ideas that allowed the current degree of evolution of penal dogmatics.