The objective of this communication is to propose some elements of interpretation of the historical phenomenon of Italian fascism trough the lenses of the semiotics of culture, in particular in relation to the processes of metadescription of the Italian identity after the First World War and in the first years of the fascist government. From the point of view of the semiotics of culture, the affirmation of fascism could be interpreted as the outcome of an explosive moment in Italian history, the First World War, an anti-entropic moment of possible social revolution whose multiplicity is radically reduced by the new metadescription of Italian identity proposed by fascism.