<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/76659ee1-b797-4e08-b491-f4418efd7b41/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">Para simpli\ufb01car la notación, tomamos m=1 y M=2. </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">En esta situación, la empresa 1 actúa primer<span class="blank _0"></span>o, y luego la empresa 2. Para encontrar el equilibrio, </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">resolvemos el pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oblema desde atrás hacia adelante. Esto es, resolvemos la optimización de la </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">empresa 1 (downstr<span class="blank _0"></span>eam), obteniendo un precio optimo que depende de p2. Luego, r<span class="blank _0"></span>esolvemos el </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">problema de optimización de la empr<span class="blank _0"></span>esa 1 (upstream), tomando en cuenta los r<span class="blank _0"></span>esultados de la </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">primera optimización. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">El problema de optimización de la empr<span class="blank _0"></span>esa 1 es: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">La condición de primer orden esta dada por: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">La empresa 2 anticipa la decision de la empr<span class="blank _0"></span>esa 1, por lo que incluye este resultado en su </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ya ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">optimizacion. <span class="blank _0"></span>Así, el problema que enfr<span class="blank _0"></span>enta esta \ufb01rma es: </div><div class="t m1 x3 h3 yb ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls2"><span class="fc1 sc0">Max</span></div><div class="t m2 x4 h4 yc ff2 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t m3 x5 h5 yd ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m4 x6 h6 ye ff3 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls3"><span class="fc1 sc0">IT</span></div><div class="t m5 x7 h7 yf ff2 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m6 x8 h8 y10 ff2 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m7 x9 h9 y11 ff2 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls4"><span class="fc1 sc0">IT</span></div><div class="t m8 xa ha y12 ff2 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m9 xb hb y13 ff2 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls5"><span class="fc1 sc0">CT</span></div><div class="t ma xc hc y14 ff2 fsa fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t mb xd hd y15 ff2 fsb fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t mc xe he y16 ff2 fsc fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t md xf hf y17 ff2 fsd fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Q</span></div><div class="t me x10 h10 y18 ff2 fse fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t mf x11 h11 y19 ff2 fsf fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">C</span></div><div class="t m10 x12 h12 y1a ff2 fs10 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m11 x13 h13 y1b ff4 fs11 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Q</span></div><div class="t m12 x14 h14 y1c ff5 fs12 fc1 sc0 ls6"><span class="fc1 sc0">=P</span></div><div class="t m13 x15 h15 y1d ff2 fs13 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m14 x16 h16 y1e ff2 fs14 fc1 sc0 ls7"><span class="fc1 sc0">a-</span></div><div class="t m15 x17 h17 y1f ff2 fs15 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t m16 x18 h18 y20 ff2 fs16 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m17 x19 h19 y21 ff6 fs17 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m18 x1a h1a y22 ff2 fs18 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m19 x1b h1b y23 ff7 fs19 fc1 sc0 ls8 ws0"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 sc0">l</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m1a x1c h1c y24 ff2 fs1a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m1b x1d h1d y25 ff2 fs1b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t m1c x1e h1e y26 ff2 fs1c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m1d x1f h1f y27 ff8 fs1d fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m1e x20 h20 y28 ff2 fs1e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m1f x21 h21 y29 ff9 fs1f fc1 sc0 ls9"><span class="fc1 sc0">ap</span></div><div class="t m20 x22 h22 y2a ff2 fs20 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m21 x23 h23 y2b ff2 fs21 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m22 x24 h24 y2c ff2 fs22 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t m23 x25 h25 y2d ff2 fs23 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m24 x26 h26 y2e ff2 fs24 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">'</span></div><div class="t m25 xc h27 y2f ff2 fs25 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m26 x27 h28 y30 ffa fs26 fc1 sc0 lsa"><span class="fc1 sc0">ah</span></div><div class="t m27 x28 h29 y31 ff2 fs27 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">+</span></div><div class="t m28 x10 h2a y32 ffb fs28 fc1 sc0 lsb ws1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pi</span><span class="fc1 sc0">pa</span></div><div class="t m29 x29 h2b y33 ff2 fs29 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">.</span></div><div class="t m2a x2a h2c y34 ffc fs2a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">[</span></div><div class="t m2b x4 h2d y35 ff2 fs2b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t m2c x5 h2e y36 ff2 fs2c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m2d x2b h2f y37 ffd fs2d fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">]</span></div><div class="t m2e x2c h30 y38 ff2 fs2e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">:</span></div><div class="t m2f x8 h31 y39 ffe fs2f fc1 sc0 lsc"><span class="fc1 sc0">01T</span></div><div class="t m30 x9 h32 y3a ff2 fs30 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m31 x2d h33 y3b ff2 fs31 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m32 x2e h34 y3c ff2 fs32 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span></div><div class="t m33 x2f h35 y3d fff fs33 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u21d0</span></div><div class="t m34 xf h36 y3e ff2 fs34 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m35 x30 h37 y3f ff2 fs35 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m36 x31 h38 y40 ff10 fs36 fc1 sc0 lsd"><span class="fc1 sc0">ZP</span></div><div class="t m37 x32 h39 y41 ff2 fs37 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m38 x33 h3a y42 ff2 fs38 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">+</span></div><div class="t m39 x34 h3b y43 ff11 fs39 fc1 sc0 lse"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t m3a x35 h3c y44 ff2 fs3a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m3b x36 h3d y45 ff2 fs3b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">O</span></div><div class="t m3c x37 h3e y46 fff fs3c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\udb8b\udc1b</span></div><div class="t m3d x1a h3f y47 ff12 fs3d fc1 sc0 lsf"><span class="fc1 sc0">PF</span></div><div class="t m3e x38 h40 y48 ff13 fs3e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t m3f x39 h41 y49 ff14 fs3f fc1 sc0 ls10"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t m40 x3a h42 y4a ff15 fs40 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m41 x3b h43 y4b ff2 fs41 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m42 x3c h44 y4c ff16 fs42 fc1 sc0 ls11 ws2"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span><span class="fc1 sc0">pr</span></div><div class="t m43 x3d h45 y4d ff2 fs43 fc1 sc0 ls12"><span class="fc1 sc0">OP</span></div><div class="t m44 x3e h46 y4e ff2 fs44 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m45 x3f h47 y4f ff2 fs45 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">2</span></div><div class="t m46 x2b h48 y50 ff17 fs46 fc1 sc0 ls13"><span class="fc1 sc0">M</span><span class="ff18"><span class="fc1 sc0">¥</span></span></div><div class="t m47 x40 h49 y51 ff19 fs47 fc1 sc0 ls14"><span class="fc1 sc0">Tu</span></div><div class="t m48 x41 h4a y52 ff2 fs48 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m49 x42 h4b y53 ff1a fs49 fc1 sc0 ls15"><span class="fc1 sc0">IT</span></div><div class="t m4a x43 h4c y54 ff2 fs4a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m4b x44 h4d y55 ff2 fs4b fc1 sc0 ls16"><span class="fc1 sc0">CT</span></div><div class="t m4c x45 h4e y56 ff2 fs4c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m4d x46 h4f y57 ff1b fs4d fc1 sc0 ls17"><span class="fc1 sc0">RQ</span></div><div class="t m4e x31 h50 y58 ff2 fs4e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m4f x47 h51 y59 ff1c fs4f fc1 sc0 ls18"><span class="fc1 sc0">CQ</span></div><div class="t m50 x48 h52 y5a ff2 fs50 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m51 x49 h53 y5b ff1d fs51 fc1 sc0 ls19"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t m52 x16 h54 y5c ff2 fs52 fc1 sc0 ls1a"><span class="fc1 sc0">a-</span></div><div class="t m53 x4a h55 y5d ff1e fs53 fc1 sc0 ls1b"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pi</span></div><div class="t m54 x4b h56 y5e ff1f fs54 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m55 x1a h57 y5f ff2 fs55 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m56 x4c h58 y60 ff20 fs56 fc1 sc0 ls1c"><span class="fc1 sc0">Cla</span></div><div class="t m57 x4d h59 y61 ff2 fs57 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m58 x4e h5a y62 ff2 fs58 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t m59 x4f h5b y63 ff2 fs59 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m5a x50 h5c y64 ff21 fs5a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m5b x41 h5d y65 ff2 fs5b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m5c x51 h5e y66 ff22 fs5c fc1 sc0 ls1d ws3"><span class="fc1 sc0">ap</span><span class="fc1 sc0">z</span></div><div class="t m5d x52 h5f y67 ff2 fs5d fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m5e x2f h60 y68 ff23 fs5e fc1 sc0 ls1e ws4"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pi</span><span class="fc1 sc0">pe</span></div><div class="t m5f x46 h61 y69 ff2 fs5f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m60 x28 h62 y6a ff2 fs60 fc1 sc0 ls1f"><span class="fc1 sc0">alt</span></div><div class="t m61 x29 h63 y6b ff24 fs61 fc1 sc0 ls20"><span class="fc1 sc0">CP</span></div><div class="t m62 x34 h64 y6c ff2 fs62 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m63 x53 h65 y6d ff2 fs63 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m64 x15 h66 y6e ff25 fs64 fc1 sc0 ls21 ws5"><span class="fc1 sc0">hP</span><span class="blank _0"></span><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m65 x37 h67 y6f ff2 fs65 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m66 x54 h68 y70 ff2 fs66 fc1 sc0 ls22"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span></div><div class="t m67 x55 h69 y71 ff26 fs67 fc1 sc0 ls23"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t m68 x56 h6a y72 ff27 fs68 fc1 sc0 ls24"><span class="fc1 sc0">pa</span></div><div class="t m69 x1c h6b y73 ff2 fs69 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m6a x57 h6c y74 ff2 fs6a fc1 sc0 ls25"><span class="fc1 sc0">ac</span></div><div class="t m6b x58 h6d y75 ff2 fs6b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">+</span></div><div class="t m6c x59 h6e y76 ff2 fs6c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m6d x5a h6f y77 ff28 fs6d fc1 sc0 ls0 ws6"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span><span class="fc1 sc0">ar</span></div><div class="t m6e x5b h70 y78 ff2 fs6e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">2</span></div><div class="c x53 y79 w1 h71"><div class="t m0 x0 h72 y7a ff29 fs6f fc2 sc0 ls1 ws8">m=D=1 <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc1 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc1 sc0"> </span><span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc1 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h72 y7b ff29 fs6f fc2 sc0 ls1 ws7">M=U=2</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y7c w0 h73" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/76659ee1-b797-4e08-b491-f4418efd7b41/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y7d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">La condición de primer orden esta dada por: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y7e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8"><span class="fc1 sc0">L</span><span class="fc1 sc0">ueg</span><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span><span class="fc1 sc0">, p</span><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span><span class="fc1 sc0">d</span><span class="fc1 sc0">em</span><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span><span class="fc1 sc0">s</span><span class="fc1 sc0"> t</span><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span><span class="fc1 sc0">m</span><span class="fc1 sc0">ar es</span><span class="fc1 sc0">t</span><span class="fc1 sc0">e r</span><span class="fc1 sc0">es</span><span class="fc1 sc0">ult</span><span class="fc1 sc0">ad</span><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span><span class="fc1 sc0"> y</span><span class="fc1 sc0"> r</span><span class="blank _0"></span><span class="fc1 sc0">eem</span><span class="fc1 sc0">p</span><span class="fc1 sc0">lazarlo</span><span class="fc1 sc0"> en p</span><span class="fc1 sc0">1: </span></div><div class="t m0 x5c h2 y7f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">Para que estos resultados tengan sentido, se debe cumplir que: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y80 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">La cantidad producida en equilibrio de Nash es: </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y81 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">Simplemente reemplazamos los r<span class="blank _0"></span>esultados anteriores en las r<span class="blank _0"></span>espectivas funciones de utilidad: </div><div class="t m6f x41 h74 y82 ff2 fs70 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m70 x23 h75 y83 ff2a fs71 fc1 sc0 ls27 ws9"><span class="fc1 sc0">ap</span><span class="fc1 sc0">z</span></div><div class="t m65 x5d h67 y84 ff2 fs65 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m71 x45 h76 y85 ff2 fs72 fc1 sc0 ls28"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span></div><div class="t m67 xe h69 y86 ff26 fs67 fc1 sc0 ls23"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t m72 x5e h70 y87 ff2 fs6e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">z</span></div><div class="t m73 x10 h6a y88 ff27 fs68 fc1 sc0 ls29"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t m69 x47 h6b y89 ff2 fs69 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m74 x33 h77 y8a ff2b fs73 fc1 sc0 ls2a"><span class="fc1 sc0">9C</span></div><div class="t m6b x53 h6d y8b ff2 fs6b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">+</span></div><div class="t m75 x5f h6e y8c ff2 fs6c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">c</span></div><div class="t m76 x16 h78 y8d ff2c fs74 fc1 sc0 ls2b"><span class="fc1 sc0">atpr</span></div><div class="t m77 x60 h79 y8e ff2 fs75 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">2</span></div><div class="t m78 x41 h7a y8f ff2 fs76 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m79 x23 h7b y90 ff2d fs77 fc1 sc0 ls2c"><span class="fc1 sc0">ap</span></div><div class="t m7a x24 h7c y91 ff2 fs78 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m7b x61 h7d y92 ff2 fs79 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m7c x62 h7e y93 ff2e fs7a fc1 sc0 ls2d wsa"><span class="fc1 sc0">9P</span><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m7d x45 h7f y94 ff2 fs7b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m7e x63 h80 y95 ff2 fs7c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">_</span></div><div class="t m7f x64 h81 y96 ff2f fs7d fc1 sc0 ls2e"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t m80 x65 h82 y97 ff2 fs7e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">'</span></div><div class="t m81 x66 h83 y98 ff2 fs7f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">z</span></div><div class="t m82 x13 h84 y99 ff2 fs80 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m83 x67 h85 y9a ff2 fs81 fc1 sc0 ls2f"><span class="fc1 sc0">ac</span></div><div class="t m84 x68 h86 y9b ff2 fs82 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">t</span></div><div class="t m85 x69 h87 y9c ff17 fs83 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">%</span></div><div class="t m86 x6a h88 y9d ff2 fs84 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">+</span></div><div class="t m87 x6b h89 y9e ff2 fs85 fc1 sc0 ls30 wsb"><span class="fc1 sc0">CP</span><span class="fc1 sc0">L</span></div><div class="t m88 x6c h8a y9f ff2 fs86 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">2</span></div><div class="t m89 x5e h8b ya0 ff30 fs87 fc1 sc0 ls31"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t m8a x6d h8c ya1 ff2 fs88 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">'</span></div><div class="t m8b x6e h8d ya2 ff2 fs89 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m8c x6f h8e ya3 ff2 fs8a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m8d x70 h8f ya4 ff17 fs8b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">}</span></div><div class="t m8e x2f h90 ya5 ff2 fs8c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m8f x71 h91 ya6 ff2 fs8d fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m90 x10 h92 ya7 ff2 fs8e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m91 x72 h93 ya8 ff17 fs8f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">{</span></div><div class="t m92 x73 h94 ya9 ff2 fs90 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">+</span></div><div class="t m93 x74 h95 yaa ff31 fs91 fc1 sc0 ls32 wsc"><span class="fc1 sc0">CP</span><span class="fc1 sc0">Z</span></div><div class="t m94 x5f h96 yab ff2 fs92 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">2</span></div><div class="t m95 x75 h97 yac ff32 fs93 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">[</span></div><div class="t m96 x76 h98 yad ff33 fs94 fc1 sc0 ls33"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t m97 x77 h99 yae ff34 fs95 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">]</span></div><div class="t m98 x78 h9a yaf ff2 fs96 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">:</span></div><div class="t m99 x79 h9b yb0 ff35 fs97 fc1 sc0 ls34 wsd"><span class="fc1 sc0">Ot</span><span class="fc1 sc0">t</span><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m9a x20 h9c yb1 ff36 fs98 fc1 sc0 ls35"><span class="fc1 sc0">op</span></div><div class="t m9b x7a h9d yb2 ff2 fs99 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m9c x22 h9e yb3 ff2 fs9a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m9d x6f h9f yb4 ff2 fs9b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">0</span></div><div class="t m9e x44 ha0 yb5 fff fs9c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u21d0</span></div><div class="t m9f x27 ha1 yb6 ff17 fs9d fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Í</span></div><div class="t ma0 xf ha2 yb7 ff2 fs9e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t ma1 x10 ha3 yb8 ff37 fs9f fc1 sc0 ls36"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t ma2 x47 ha4 yb9 ff2 fsa0 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">+</span></div><div class="t ma3 x7b ha5 yba ff17 fsa1 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">§</span></div><div class="t ma4 x53 ha6 ybb ff2 fsa2 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t ma5 x15 ha7 ybc ff2 fsa3 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span></div><div class="t ma6 x7c ha8 ybd fff fsa4 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\udb8b\udc1b</span></div><div class="t ma7 x5b ha9 ybe ff38 fsa5 fc1 sc0 ls37"><span class="fc1 sc0">pét</span></div><div class="t ma8 x7d haa ybf ff2 fsa6 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t ma9 x7e hab yc0 ff2 fsa7 fc1 sc0 ls38 wse"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t maa x4e hac yc1 ff2 fsa8 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">2</span></div><div class="t mab x78 had yc2 ff39 fsa9 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t mac x7f hae yc3 ff2 fsaa fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t mad x80 haf yc4 ff2 fsab fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">#</span></div><div class="t mae x3d hb0 yc5 ff3a fsac fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t maf x81 hb1 yc6 ff3b fsad fc1 sc0 ls39"><span class="fc1 sc0">PE</span></div><div class="t mb0 x82 hb2 yc7 ff3c fsae fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t mb1 x51 hb3 yc8 ff2 fsaf fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t mb2 x25 hb4 yc9 ff3d fsb0 fc1 sc0 ls3a wsf"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span><span class="fc1 sc0">pít</span></div><div class="t mb3 x2f hb5 yca ff2 fsb1 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t mb4 x83 hb6 ycb ff2 fsb2 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t mb5 x66 hb7 ycc ff17 fsb3 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Y</span></div><div class="t mb6 x84 hb8 ycd ff2 fsb4 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">+</span></div><div class="t mb7 x85 hb9 yce ff17 fsb5 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Í</span></div><div class="t mb8 x86 hba ycf ff17 fsb6 fc1 sc0 ls3b"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span></div><div class="t mb9 x87 hbb yd0 ff2 fsb7 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">'</span></div><div class="t mba x17 hbc yd1 ff2 fsb8 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t mbb x5b hbd yd2 ff2 fsb9 fc1 sc0 ls3c"><span class="fc1 sc0">3.</span></div><div class="t mbc x88 hbe yd3 ff2 fsba fc1 sc0 ls3d ws10"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span><span class="fc1 sc0">c</span></div><div class="t mbd x3b hbf yd4 ff3e fsbb fc1 sc0 ls3e"><span class="fc1 sc0">=p</span></div><div class="t mbe x89 hc0 yd5 ff2 fsbc fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t mbf x1f hc1 yd6 ff2 fsbd fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">#</span></div><div class="t mc0 x8a hc2 yd7 ff2 fsbe fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">W</span></div><div class="t mc1 x8 hc3 yd8 ff3f fsbf fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Q</span></div><div class="t mc2 x81 hc4 yd9 ff2 fsc0 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">*</span></div><div class="t mc3 x8b hc5 yda ff40 fsc1 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t mc4 x22 hc6 ydb ff41 fsc2 fc1 sc0 ls3f"><span class="fc1 sc0">PY</span></div><div class="t mc5 x8c hc7 ydc ff42 fsc3 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t mc6 x8d hc8 ydd ff2 fsc4 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t mc7 x2f hc9 yde ff2 fsc5 fc1 sc0 ls40"><span class="fc1 sc0">a-</span></div><div class="t mc8 x8e hca ydf ff43 fsc6 fc1 sc0 ls41"><span class="fc1 sc0">PF</span></div><div class="t mc9 x63 hcb ye0 ff2 fsc7 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t mca x8f hcc ye1 ff2 fsc8 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t mcb x84 hcd ye2 ff2 fsc9 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t mcc x48 hce ye3 ff2 fsca fc1 sc0 ls42"><span class="fc1 sc0">3.</span></div><div class="t mcd x53 hcf ye4 ff2 fscb fc1 sc0 ls43 ws11"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span><span class="fc1 sc0">c</span></div><div class="t mce x35 hd0 ye5 ff2 fscc fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">y</span></div><div class="t mcf x37 hd1 ye6 ff2 fscd fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t md0 x90 hd2 ye7 ff2 fsce fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">"</span></div><div class="t md1 x91 hd3 ye8 ff18 fscf fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">¡</span></div><div class="t md2 x1b hd4 ye9 ff2 fsd0 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">C</span></div><div class="t md3 x7e hd5 yea ff2 fsd1 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t md4 x1d hd6 yeb ff44 fsd2 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Q</span></div><div class="t md5 x92 hd7 yec ff2 fsd3 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">*</span></div><div class="t md6 x93 hd8 yed ff2 fsd4 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u2022</span></div><div class="t md7 x94 hd9 yee ff45 fsd5 fc1 sc0 ls44"><span class="fc1 sc0">pa</span></div><div class="t md8 x6 hda yef ff2 fsd6 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t md9 x79 hdb yf0 ff2 fsd7 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">C</span></div><div class="t mda x7a hdc yf1 ff2 fsd8 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">></span></div><div class="t mdb x82 hdd yf2 ff2 fsd9 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span></div><div class="t mdc x8d hde yf3 fff fsda fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\udb8b\udc1b</span></div><div class="t mdd x95 hdf yf4 ff2 fsdb fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">"</span></div><div class="t mde x27 he0 yf5 ff17 fsdc fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">I</span></div><div class="t mdf x96 he1 yf6 ff2 fsdd fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t me0 x97 he2 yf7 ff2 fsde fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">C</span></div><div class="t me1 x8f he3 yf8 ff2 fsdf fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">></span></div><div class="t me2 x12 he4 yf9 ff2 fse0 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span></div><div class="t me3 x48 he5 yfa fff fse1 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\udb8b\udc1b</span></div><div class="t me4 x98 he6 yfb ff2 fse2 fc1 sc0 ls45"><span class="fc1 sc0">a-</span></div><div class="t me5 x99 he7 yfc ff2 fse3 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">C</span></div><div class="t me6 x9a he8 yfd ff2 fse4 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">></span></div><div class="t me7 x90 he9 yfe ff2 fse5 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span></div><div class="t me8 x9b hea yff fff fse6 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u21d0</span></div><div class="t me9 x7e heb y100 ff2 fse7 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t mea x9c hec y101 ff2 fse8 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">></span></div><div class="t meb x89 hed y102 ff2 fse9 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">C</span></div><div class="t mec x9d hee y103 ff2 fsea fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">.</span></div><div class="t med x2a hef y104 ff2 fseb fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u2022</span></div><div class="t mee x94 hf0 y105 ff2 fsec fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t mef x9e hf1 y106 ff2 fsed fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t mf0 x9f hf2 y107 ff2 fsee fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t mf1 x7f hf3 y108 ff2 fsef fc1 sc0 ls46"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t mf2 xa0 hf4 y109 ff2 fsf0 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">></span></div><div class="t mf3 x82 hf5 y10a ff2 fsf1 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span></div><div class="t mf4 x43 hf6 y10b fff fsf2 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u21d0</span></div><div class="t mf5 x95 hf7 y10c ff2 fsf3 fc1 sc0 ls47 ws12"><span class="fc1 sc0">ba</span><span class="fc1 sc0">ta</span></div><div class="t mf6 x30 hf8 y10d ff2 fsf4 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">_</span></div><div class="t mf7 x66 hf9 y10e ff2 fsf5 fc1 sc0 ls48 ws13"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span><span class="fc1 sc0">c</span></div><div class="t mf8 x8e hfa y10f ff2 fsf6 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">y</span></div><div class="t mf9 xa1 hfb y110 ff2 fsf7 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t mfa x85 hfc y111 ff2 fsf8 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">></span></div><div class="t mfb xa2 hfd y112 ff2 fsf9 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">O</span></div><div class="t mfc x36 hfe y113 fff fsfa fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u21d0</span></div><div class="t mfd x69 hff y114 ff2 fsfb fc1 sc0 ls49 ws14"><span class="fc1 sc0">34</span><span class="fc1 sc0">T</span></div><div class="t mfe x6a h100 y115 ff2 fsfc fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">C</span></div><div class="t mff xa3 h101 y116 ff2 fsfd fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m100 x8a h102 y117 ff2 fsfe fc1 sc0 ls4a"><span class="fc1 sc0">Za</span></div><div class="t m101 xa4 h103 y118 ff2 fsff fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m102 x7e h104 y119 ff2 fs100 fc1 sc0 ls4b"><span class="fc1 sc0">2C</span></div><div class="t m103 x57 h105 y11a ff2 fs101 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">></span></div><div class="t m104 x1f h106 y11b ff2 fs102 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">O</span></div><div class="t m105 xa5 h107 y11c fff fs103 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u21d0</span></div><div class="t m106 xa6 h108 y11d ff2 fs104 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m107 xa7 h109 y11e ff2 fs105 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">></span></div><div class="t m108 xa8 h10a y11f ff2 fs106 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">C</span></div><div class="t m109 xa9 h10b y120 ff2 fs107 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">.</span></div><div class="t m10a x93 h10c y121 ff2 fs108 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m10b x5 h10d y122 ff46 fs109 fc1 sc0 ls4c"><span class="fc1 sc0">ITF</span></div><div class="t m10c xaa h10e y123 ff2 fs10a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m10d x8 h10f y124 ff47 fs10b fc1 sc0 ls4d"><span class="fc1 sc0">Thlpítipí</span></div><div class="t m10e x25 h110 y125 ff2 fs10c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">;</span></div><div class="t m10f x61 h111 y126 ff48 fs10d fc1 sc0 ls4e"><span class="fc1 sc0">oí</span></div><div class="t m110 x62 h112 y127 ff49 fs10e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m111 x5e h113 y128 ff2 fs10f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m112 x6d h114 y129 ff4a fs110 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t m113 x83 h115 y12a ff4b fs111 fc1 sc0 ls4f"><span class="fc1 sc0">pi</span></div><div class="t m114 x64 h116 y12b ff2 fs112 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m115 x65 h117 y12c ff4c fs113 fc1 sc0 ls50"><span class="fc1 sc0">PE</span></div><div class="t m116 x29 h118 y12d ff4d fs114 fc1 sc0 ls51"><span class="fc1 sc0">)Q*</span></div><div class="t m117 x53 h119 y12e ff2 fs115 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m118 x68 h11a y12f ff2 fs116 fc1 sc0 ls52 ws15"><span class="fc1 sc0">ba</span><span class="fc1 sc0">t</span><span class="fc1 sc0">e</span></div><div class="t m119 x54 h11b y130 ff2 fs117 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">_</span></div><div class="t m11a x88 h11c y131 ff4e fs118 fc1 sc0 ls53 ws16"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span><span class="fc1 sc0">z</span><span class="blank _0"></span><span class="fc1 sc0">c</span></div><div class="t m11b xab h11d y132 ff4f fs119 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t m11c x9c h11e y133 ff50 fs11a fc1 sc0 ls26 ws17"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span><span class="blank _0"></span><span class="fc1 sc0">gc</span></div><div class="t m11d xac h11f y134 ff2 fs11b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">y</span></div><div class="t m11e x7f h120 y135 ff2 fs11c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m11f xa0 h121 y136 ff2 fs11d fc1 sc0 ls54"><span class="fc1 sc0">a-</span></div><div class="t m120 xad h122 y137 ff2 fs11e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">C</span></div><div class="t m121 xae h123 y138 ff2 fs11f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m122 x26 h124 y139 ff17 fs120 fc1 sc0 ls55"><span class="fc1 sc0">ajo</span></div><div class="t m123 xaf h125 y13a ff17 fs121 fc1 sc0 ls56"><span class="fc1 sc0">=p</span></div><div class="t m124 x65 h126 y13b ff17 fs122 fc1 sc0 ls57"><span class="fc1 sc0">;)</span></div><div class="t m125 xb0 h127 y13c ff2 fs123 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">'</span></div><div class="t m126 x14 h128 y13d ff2 fs124 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m127 xb1 h129 y13e ff51 fs125 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">#</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y13f w0 h12a" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/76659ee1-b797-4e08-b491-f4418efd7b41/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y140 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">El excedente del consumidor corresponde al ar<span class="blank _0"></span>ea que se encuentra bajo la curva de demanda y por </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y141 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">encima del precio que pagan los consumidor<span class="blank _0"></span>es.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y142 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">Ahora debemos resolver el siguiente pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oblema: </div><div class="t m128 x2a h12b y143 ff2 fs126 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m129 x94 h12c y144 ff52 fs127 fc1 sc0 ls59"><span class="fc1 sc0">ITÍ</span></div><div class="t m12a xb2 h12d y145 ff2 fs128 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m12b x40 h12e y146 ff53 fs129 fc1 sc0 ls5a ws18"><span class="fc1 sc0">Ta</span><span class="blank"> </span><span class="fc1 sc0">l</span></div><div class="t m12c x6e h12f y147 ff54 fs12a fc1 sc0 ls5b"><span class="fc1 sc0">PÍ</span></div><div class="t m12d xb3 h130 y148 ff2 fs12b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">;</span></div><div class="t m12e xb4 h131 y149 ff55 fs12c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Q</span></div><div class="t m12f xb5 h132 y14a ff2 fs12d fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">*</span></div><div class="t m130 x44 h133 y14b ff56 fs12e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m131 xb6 h134 y14c ff2 fs12f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m132 xb7 h135 y14d ff57 fs130 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t m133 xd h136 y14e ff58 fs131 fc1 sc0 ls5c"><span class="fc1 sc0">PE</span></div><div class="t m134 x28 h137 y14f ff2 fs132 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m135 x10 h138 y150 ff59 fs133 fc1 sc0 ls5d"><span class="fc1 sc0">C)</span></div><div class="t m136 x47 h139 y151 ff5a fs134 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Q</span></div><div class="t m137 x33 h13a y152 ff2 fs135 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">*</span></div><div class="t m138 x73 h13b y153 ff2 fs136 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m139 x49 h13c y154 ff2 fs137 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m13a x36 h13d y155 ff17 fs138 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">{</span></div><div class="t m13b x87 h13e y156 ff2 fs139 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">C</span></div><div class="t m13c x99 h13f y157 ff2 fs13a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m13d x4b h140 y158 ff2 fs13b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">c</span></div><div class="t m13e x1b h141 y159 ff2 fs13c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m13f xb8 h142 y15a ff2 fs13d fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">+</span></div><div class="t m140 x3a h143 y15b ff2 fs13e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m141 xb9 h144 y15c ff2 fs13f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">4</span></div><div class="t m142 x2b h145 y15d ff5b fs140 fc1 sc0 ls5e"><span class="fc1 sc0">K</span><span class="ff5c"><span class="fc1 sc0">¥</span></span></div><div class="t m143 xba h146 y15e ff2 fs141 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m144 x21 h147 y15f ff2 fs142 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m145 x6e h148 y160 ff2 fs143 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m146 xad h149 y161 ff2 fs144 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m147 x70 h14a y162 ff2 fs145 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">2</span></div><div class="t m148 xae h14b y163 ff2 fs146 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">4</span></div><div class="t m149 xb7 h14c y164 ff2 fs147 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t m14a xbb h14d y165 ff2 fs148 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m14b x71 h14e y166 ff2 fs149 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">s</span></div><div class="t m14c x45 h14f y167 ff2 fs14a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m14d x71 h150 y168 ff2 fs14b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m14e xf h151 y169 ff2 fs14c fc1 sc0 ls5f"><span class="fc1 sc0">EL</span></div><div class="t m14f xbc h152 y16a ff2 fs14d fc1 sc0 ls60"><span class="fc1 sc0">PF</span></div><div class="t m150 xbd h153 y16b ff2 fs14e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m151 x85 h154 y16c ff2 fs14f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Q</span></div><div class="t m152 xa2 h155 y16d ff2 fs150 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m153 x35 h156 y16e ff5d fs151 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t m154 x5f h157 y16f ff2 fs152 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m155 xbe h158 y170 ff2 fs153 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">_</span></div><div class="t m156 x16 h159 y171 ff2 fs154 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">p</span></div><div class="t m157 xbf h15a y172 ff2 fs155 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m158 xc0 h15b y173 ff5e fs156 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m159 xb1 h15c y174 ff2 fs157 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m15a x87 h15d y175 ff5f fs158 fc1 sc0 ls61"><span class="fc1 sc0">DQ</span></div><div class="t m15b xbd h15e y176 ff60 fs159 fc1 sc0 ls62 ws19"><span class="fc1 sc0">Ql</span><span class="fc1 sc0">t</span></div><div class="t m15c x2a h15f y177 ff2 fs15a fc1 sc0 ls63"><span class="fc1 sc0">e-</span></div><div class="t m15d x4 h160 y178 ff2 fs15b fc1 sc0 ls64"><span class="fc1 sc0">c.</span></div><div class="t m15e xc1 h161 y179 ff2 fs15c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m15f xc2 h162 y17a ff61 fs15d fc1 sc0 ls65"><span class="fc1 sc0">la</span></div><div class="t m160 xa0 h163 y17b ff2 fs15e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m161 x8b h164 y17c ff2 fs15f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t m162 x6f h165 y17d ff62 fs160 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">Q</span></div><div class="t m163 x8d h166 y17e ff2 fs161 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">*</span></div><div class="t m164 x95 h167 y17f ff2 fs162 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m165 x46 h168 y180 ff17 fs163 fc1 sc0 ls58 ws1a"><span class="fc1 sc0">Ef</span><span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m166 x8f h169 y181 ff2 fs164 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m167 xc3 h16a y182 ff2 fs165 fc1 sc0 ls66"><span class="fc1 sc0">sa</span></div><div class="t m168 x48 h16b y183 ff2 fs166 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">"</span></div><div class="t m169 x49 h16c y184 ff17 fs167 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">]</span></div><div class="t m16a x68 h16d y185 ff17 fs168 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">/</span></div><div class="t m16b xbf h16e y186 ff2 fs169 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m16c x99 h16f y187 ff17 fs16a fc1 sc0 ls67"><span class="fc1 sc0">;]</span></div><div class="t m16d x6b h170 y188 ff2 fs16b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m16e x56 h171 y189 ff18 fs16c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">¿</span></div><div class="t m16f xc4 h172 y18a ff17 fs16d fc1 sc0 ls68"><span class="fc1 sc0">(E)</span></div><div class="t m170 xa5 h173 y18b ff17 fs16e fc1 sc0 ls69"><span class="fc1 sc0">la</span></div><div class="t m171 xc5 h174 y18c ff17 fs16f fc1 sc0 ls6a"><span class="fc1 sc0">:-)</span></div><div class="t m172 x34 h175 y18d ff2 fs170 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">4</span></div><div class="t m173 x76 h176 y18e ff63 fs171 fc1 sc0 ls6b"><span class="fc1 sc0">EC</span></div><div class="t m174 x6 h177 y18f ff2 fs172 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m175 x8 h178 y190 ff64 fs173 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t m176 xc6 h179 y191 ff2 fs174 fc1 sc0 ls6c ws1b"><span class="fc1 sc0">at</span><span class="fc1 sc0">c</span></div><div class="t m177 x2d h17a y192 ff65 fs175 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m178 x51 h17b y193 ff2 fs176 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">'</span></div><div class="t m179 xc7 h17c y194 ff66 fs177 fc1 sc0 ls6d"><span class="fc1 sc0">32</span></div><div class="t m17a x5 h17d y195 ff67 fs178 fc1 sc0 ls6e ws1c"><span class="fc1 sc0">MA</span><span class="fc1 sc0">X</span></div><div class="t m17b x40 h17e y196 ff68 fs179 fc1 sc0 ls6f ws1d"><span class="fc1 sc0">IT</span><span class="blank _0"></span><span class="fc1 sc0">C</span></div><div class="t m17c xae h17f y197 ff2 fs17a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m17d x42 h180 y198 ff69 fs17b fc1 sc0 ls70"><span class="fc1 sc0">IT</span></div><div class="t m17e x2e h181 y199 ff2 fs17c fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m17f x70 h182 y19a ff2 fs17d fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">+</span></div><div class="t m180 xc8 h183 y19b ff6a fs17e fc1 sc0 ls71"><span class="fc1 sc0">Te</span></div><div class="t m181 x27 h184 y19c ff2 fs17f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m182 x46 h185 y19d ff6b fs180 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t m183 xc9 h186 y19e ff6c fs181 fc1 sc0 ls72"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pi</span></div><div class="t m184 xca h187 y19f ff2 fs182 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m185 x31 h188 y1a0 ff6d fs183 fc1 sc0 ls73"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pc</span></div><div class="t m186 xbd h189 y1a1 ff6e fs184 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m187 xc3 h18a y1a2 ff6f fs185 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t m188 x7b h18b y1a3 ff2 fs186 fc1 sc0 ls74"><span class="fc1 sc0">a-</span></div><div class="t m189 xa2 h18c y1a4 ff2 fs187 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t m18a xcb h18d y1a5 ff2 fs188 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m18b xb1 h18e y1a6 ff70 fs189 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m18c x36 h18f y1a7 ff2 fs18a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">t</span></div><div class="t m18d xac h190 y1a8 ff71 fs18b fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t m18e x99 h191 y1a9 ff72 fs18c fc1 sc0 ls75"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pa</span></div><div class="t m18f x4b h192 y1aa ff2 fs18d fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m190 x90 h193 y1ab ff73 fs18e fc1 sc0 ls76"><span class="fc1 sc0">C)</span></div><div class="t m191 xcc h194 y1ac ff74 fs18f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">(</span></div><div class="t m192 x9b h195 y1ad ff2 fs190 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m193 xcd h196 y1ae ff2 fs191 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m194 xce h197 y1af ff2 fs192 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t m195 xcf h198 y1b0 ff2 fs193 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m196 x1c h199 y1b1 ff75 fs194 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">)</span></div><div class="t m197 xae h19a y1b2 ff2 fs195 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m198 x23 h19b y1b3 ff76 fs196 fc1 sc0 ls77"><span class="fc1 sc0">ap</span></div><div class="t m199 x8d h19c y1b4 ff2 fs197 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m19a x26 h19d y1b5 ff2 fs198 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m19b x2f h19e y1b6 ff77 fs199 fc1 sc0 ls78"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pi</span></div><div class="t m19c x27 h19f y1b7 ff2 fs19a fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m19d xd h1a0 y1b8 ff78 fs19b fc1 sc0 ls79 ws1e"><span class="fc1 sc0">ap</span><span class="fc1 sc0">zt</span></div><div class="t m19e x66 h1a1 y1b9 ff79 fs19c fc1 sc0 ls7a"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pipa</span></div><div class="t m19f x7b h1a2 y1ba ff7a fs19d fc1 sc0 ls7b ws1f"><span class="fc1 sc0">ta</span><span class="fc1 sc0">p</span><span class="fc1 sc0">a</span></div><div class="t m1a0 x15 h1a3 y1bb ff2 fs19e fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m1a1 x16 h1a4 y1bc ff2 fs19f fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">P</span></div><div class="t m1a2 xac h1a5 y1bd ff2 fs1a0 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m1a3 x69 h1a6 y1be ff7b fs1a1 fc1 sc0 ls7c"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pz</span></div><div class="t m1a4 x9a h1a7 y1bf ff2 fs1a2 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m1a5 xd0 h1a8 y1c0 ff7c fs1a3 fc1 sc0 ls7d ws20"><span class="fc1 sc0">ac</span><span class="fc1 sc0">t</span><span class="fc1 sc0">cp</span></div><div class="t m1a6 xcf h1a9 y1c1 ff2 fs1a4 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m1a7 x6e h1aa y1c2 ff2 fs1a5 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">=</span></div><div class="t m1a8 xb3 h1ab y1c3 ff7d fs1a6 fc1 sc0 ls7e"><span class="fc1 sc0">ap</span></div><div class="t m1a9 x43 h1ac y1c4 ff2 fs1a7 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m1aa x52 h1ad y1c5 ff2 fs1a8 fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m1ab x2f h1ae y1c6 ff7e fs1a9 fc1 sc0 ls7f"><span class="fc1 sc0">Pi</span></div><div class="t m1ac x5e h1af y1c7 ff2 fs1aa fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">-</span></div><div class="t m1ad xaf h1b0 y1c8 ff2 fs1ab fc1 sc0 ls80"><span class="fc1 sc0">ac</span></div><div class="t m1ae x64 h1b1 y1c9 ff2 fs1ac fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">+</span></div><div class="t m1af x65 h1b2 y1ca ff7f fs1ad fc1 sc0 ls81"><span class="fc1 sc0">CP</span></div><div class="t m1b0 x84 h1b3 y1cb ff2 fs1ae fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">,</span></div><div class="t m1b1 xb0 h1b4 y1cc ff2 fs1af fc1 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc1 sc0">.</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y1cd w2 h1b5" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/76659ee1-b797-4e08-b491-f4418efd7b41/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y1ce ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">La condición de primer orden esta dada por: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y1cf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8"><span class="fc1 sc0">S</span><span class="fc1 sc0">i c</span><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span><span class="fc1 sc0">m</span><span class="fc1 sc0">p</span><span class="fc1 sc0">aram</span><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span><span class="fc1 sc0">s</span><span class="fc1 sc0"> lo</span><span class="fc1 sc0">s</span><span class="fc1 sc0"> p</span><span class="fc1 sc0">r</span><span class="fc1 sc0">ec</span><span class="fc1 sc0">io</span><span class="fc1 sc0">s</span><span class="fc1 sc0"> en am</span><span class="fc1 sc0">b</span><span class="fc1 sc0">as</span><span class="fc1 sc0"> s</span><span class="fc1 sc0">it</span><span class="fc1 sc0">uac</span><span class="fc1 sc0">io</span><span class="fc1 sc0">nes</span><span class="fc1 sc0"> t</span><span class="fc1 sc0">enem</span><span class="fc1 sc0">o</span><span class="fc1 sc0">s</span><span class="fc1 sc0"> q</span><span class="fc1 sc0">ue:</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y1d0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">Las ganancias del cartel se obtienen: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y1d1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">Primero, obtenemos la cantidad de equilibrio en esta situación: </div><div class="t m0 xd1 h2 y1d2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">Antes obtuvimos que: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y1d3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">Por lo tanto, el excedente del consumidor esta dado por: </div><div class="t m1b2 x71 h1b6 y1d4 ff80 fs1b0 fc1 sc0 ls84">D-</div><div class="t m1b3 x97 h1b7 y1d5 ff17 fs1b1 fc1 sc0 ls1">[</div><div class="t m1a8 x31 h1ab y1d6 ff7d fs1a6 fc1 sc0 ls7e">ap</div><div class="t m1b4 x32 h1ac y1d7 ff2 fs1a7 fc1 sc0 ls1">,</div><div class="t m1b5 xc3 h1ad y1d8 ff2 fs1a8 fc1 sc0 ls1">-</div><div class="t m1b6 xd2 h1ae y1d9 ff7e fs1a9 fc1 sc0 ls7f">Pi</div><div class="t m1b7 xcb h1af y1da ff2 fs1aa fc1 sc0 ls1">-</div><div class="t m1b8 x5f h1b2 y1db ff7f fs1ad fc1 sc0 ls85 ws21">acxcp</div><div class="t m1b0 x6a h1b3 y1dc ff2 fs1ae fc1 sc0 ls1">,</div><div class="t m1b9 xd0 h1b8 y1dd ff17 fs1b2 fc1 sc0 ls1">]</div><div class="t m1ba x8a h1b9 y1de ff2 fs1b3 fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m1bb xd3 h1ba y1df ff2 fs1b4 fc1 sc0 ls1">o</div><div class="t m1bc x71 h1bb y1e0 ff81 fs1b5 fc1 sc0 ls86">OP</div><div class="t m1bd x83 h1bc y1e1 ff2 fs1b6 fc1 sc0 ls1">,</div><div class="t m1be xd4 h1bd y1e2 ff82 fs1b7 fc1 sc0 ls1">[</div><div class="t m1bf xd5 h1be y1e3 ff2 fs1b8 fc1 sc0 ls1">P</div><div class="t m1c0 xd6 h1bf y1e4 ff2 fs1b9 fc1 sc0 ls1">,</div><div class="t m1c1 x5 h1c0 y1e5 ff83 fs1ba fc1 sc0 ls1">]</div><div class="t m1c2 x9f h1c1 y1e6 ff2 fs1bb fc1 sc0 ls1">:</div><div class="t m1c3 x80 h1c2 y1e7 ff84 fs1bc fc1 sc0 ls87 ws22">OIT<span class="blank _0"></span>C</div><div class="t m1c4 xad h1c3 y1e8 ff2 fs1bd fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m1c5 x2e h1c4 y1e9 ff2 fs1be fc1 sc0 ls1">o</div><div class="t m1c6 x61 h1c5 y1ea fff fs1bf fc1 sc0 ls1">\udb8b\udc1b</div><div class="t m1c7 x5e h1c6 y1eb ff2 fs1c0 fc1 sc0 ls88">a-</div><div class="t m1c8 x28 h1c7 y1ec ff85 fs1c1 fc1 sc0 ls89">ZP</div><div class="t m1c9 xd7 h1c8 y1ed ff2 fs1c2 fc1 sc0 ls1">,</div><div class="t m1ca x65 h1c9 y1ee ff2 fs1c3 fc1 sc0 ls8a">tc</div><div class="t m1cb xb0 h1ca y1ef ff2 fs1c4 fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m1cc x14 h1cb y1f0 ff2 fs1c5 fc1 sc0 ls1">o</div><div class="t m1cd x36 h1cc y1f1 fff fs1c6 fc1 sc0 ls1">\udb8b\udc1b</div><div class="t m1ce x99 h1cd y1f2 ff86 fs1c7 fc1 sc0 ls8b">PÍ</div><div class="t m1cf x4b h1ce y1f3 ff2 fs1c8 fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m1d0 xd8 h1cf y1f4 ff2 fs1c9 fc1 sc0 ls8c ws23">atc</div><div class="t m1d1 xd9 h1d0 y1f5 ff87 fs1ca fc1 sc0 ls8d">OP</div><div class="t m1d2 x7a h1d1 y1f6 ff2 fs1cb fc1 sc0 ls1">,</div><div class="t m1d3 x38 h1d2 y1f7 ff2 fs1cc fc1 sc0 ls1">2</div><div class="t m1d4 xda h1d3 y1f8 ff88 fs1cd fc1 sc0 ls82 ws24">PÍCPY</div><div class="t m1d5 x3e h1d4 y1f9 fff fs1ce fc1 sc0 ls1">\u21d0</div><div class="t m1d6 xb h1d5 y1fa ff2 fs1cf fc1 sc0 ls8e ws25">atc</div><div class="t m1d7 x95 h1d6 y1fb ff89 fs1d0 fc1 sc0 ls1"><</div><div class="t m1d8 xd h1d7 y1fc ff2 fs1d1 fc1 sc0 ls8f ws26">bata</div><div class="t m1d9 x84 h1d8 y1fd fff fs1d2 fc1 sc0 ls1">\udb8b\udc1b</div><div class="t m1da x53 h1d9 y1fe ff2 fs1d3 fc1 sc0 ls90 ws27">24h<span class="blank"> </span>2</div><div class="t m1db x99 h1da y1ff ff2 fs1d4 fc1 sc0 ls1">C</div><div class="t m1dc xd0 h1db y200 ff2 fs1d5 fc1 sc0 ls1"><</div><div class="t m1dd x1b h1dc y201 ff8a fs1d6 fc1 sc0 ls91">3h</div><div class="t m1de xdb h1dd y202 ff2 fs1d7 fc1 sc0 ls92">tc</div><div class="t m1df x70 h1de y203 ff2 fs1d8 fc1 sc0 ls1">2</div><div class="t m1e0 xdc h1df y204 ff2 fs1d9 fc1 sc0 ls1">4</div><div class="t m1e1 xb7 h1e0 y205 ff8b fs1da fc1 sc0 ls1">\u21b3</div><div class="t m1e2 xdd h1e1 y206 ff2 fs1db fc1 sc0 ls1">4</div><div class="t m1e3 x3a h1e2 y207 ff2 fs1dc fc1 sc0 ls1">4</div><div class="t m1e4 xda h1e3 y208 fff fs1dd fc1 sc0 ls1">\udb8b\udc1b</div><div class="t m1e5 x2c h1e4 y209 ff8c fs1de fc1 sc0 ls93">pipí</div><div class="t m1e6 xde h1e5 y20a ff2 fs1df fc1 sc0 ls1">.</div><div class="t m1e7 xe h1e6 y20b ff8d fs1e0 fc1 sc0 ls1">P</div><div class="t m1e8 xf h1e7 y20c ff2 fs1e1 fc1 sc0 ls1">,</div><div class="t m1e9 x96 h1e8 y20d ff2 fs1e2 fc1 sc0 ls1">#</div><div class="t m1ea xcb h1e9 y20e fff fs1e3 fc1 sc0 ls1">\u21d0</div><div class="t m1eb x16 h1ea y20f ff2 fs1e4 fc1 sc0 ls94 ws28">zatzc</div><div class="t m1ec x8a h1eb y210 ff2 fs1e5 fc1 sc0 ls1"><</div><div class="t m1ed xb8 h1ec y211 ff2 fs1e6 fc1 sc0 ls95">3.</div><div class="t m1ee x3a h1ed y212 ff2 fs1e7 fc1 sc0 ls96 ws29">arc</div><div class="t m1ef x9d h1ee y213 fff fs1e8 fc1 sc0 ls1">\u21d0</div><div class="t m1f0 xa6 h1ef y214 ff2 fs1e9 fc1 sc0 ls1"><</div><div class="t m1f1 xdf h1f0 y215 ff2 fs1ea fc1 sc0 ls1"><</div><div class="t m1f2 xe0 h1f1 y216 ff2 fs1eb fc1 sc0 ls1">a</div><div class="t m1f3 x5 h1f2 y217 ff8e fs1ec fc1 sc0 ls1">Q</div><div class="t m1f4 xe1 h1f3 y218 ff2 fs1ed fc1 sc0 ls1">'</div><div class="t m1f5 x79 h1f4 y219 ff2 fs1ee fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m1f6 x7a h1f5 y21a ff8f fs1ef fc1 sc0 ls97">la</div><div class="t m1f7 x22 h1f6 y21b ff2 fs1f0 fc1 sc0 ls1">-</div><div class="t m1f8 xb3 h1f7 y21c ff90 fs1f1 fc1 sc0 ls98">Pi</div><div class="t m1f9 xb5 h1f8 y21d ff91 fs1f2 fc1 sc0 ls1">)</div><div class="t m1fa x61 h1f9 y21e ff2 fs1f3 fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m1fb xe2 h1fa y21f ff2 fs1f4 fc1 sc0 ls1">a</div><div class="t m1fc xe h1fb y220 ff2 fs1f5 fc1 sc0 ls1">-</div><div class="t m1fd x97 h1fc y221 ff2 fs1f6 fc1 sc0 ls1">"</div><div class="t m1fe xe3 h1fd y222 ff92 fs1f7 fc1 sc0 ls1">E</div><div class="t m1ff x13 h1fe y223 ff2 fs1f8 fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m200 xa2 h1ff y224 ff2 fs1f9 fc1 sc0 ls1">"</div><div class="t m201 x35 h200 y225 ff17 fs1fa fc1 sc0 ls1">I</div><div class="t m202 xbf h201 y226 ff2 fs1fb fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m203 x17 h202 y227 ff93 fs1fc fc1 sc0 ls99">QC</div><div class="t m204 x93 h203 y228 ff94 fs1fd fc1 sc0 ls9a">A-</div><div class="t m205 xda h204 y229 ff2 fs1fe fc1 sc0 ls1">*</div><div class="t m206 xe4 h205 y22a ff2 fs1ff fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m207 xba h206 y22b ff17 fs200 fc1 sc0 ls83 ws2a">ITLPÍ</div><div class="t m208 xa h207 y22c ff95 fs201 fc1 sc0 ls1">¡</div><div class="t m209 x2e h208 y22d ff96 fs202 fc1 sc0 ls9b">E)</div><div class="t m20a xe5 h209 y22e ff2 fs203 fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m5c xe2 h20a y22f ff97 fs204 fc1 sc0 ls1">(</div><div class="t m20b x71 h20b y230 ff98 fs205 fc1 sc0 ls9c">pi</div><div class="t m20c x63 h20c y231 ff2 fs206 fc1 sc0 ls1">-</div><div class="t m20d xd7 h20d y232 ff99 fs207 fc1 sc0 ls9d">c)</div><div class="t m20e x72 h20e y233 ff9a fs208 fc1 sc0 ls1">Q</div><div class="t m20f xe6 h20f y234 ff2 fs209 fc1 sc0 ls1">'</div><div class="t m210 x14 h210 y235 ff2 fs20a fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m211 x36 h211 y236 ff2 fs20b fc1 sc0 ls9e ws2b">atc</div><div class="t m212 x18 h212 y237 ff2 fs20c fc1 sc0 ls1">-</div><div class="t m213 xd0 h213 y238 ff2 fs20d fc1 sc0 ls1">c</div><div class="t m214 x6c h214 y239 ff2 fs20e fc1 sc0 ls1">a</div><div class="t m215 xcd h215 y23a ff17 fs20f fc1 sc0 ls1">;</div><div class="t m216 x1d h216 y23b ff2 fs210 fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m217 xe7 h217 y23c ff17 fs211 fc1 sc0 ls1">(</div><div class="t m218 x9d h218 y23d ff2 fs212 fc1 sc0 ls1">a</div><div class="t m219 xe8 h219 y23e ff2 fs213 fc1 sc0 ls1">2</div><div class="t m21a xe9 h21a y23f ff2 fs214 fc1 sc0 ls1">,</div><div class="t m21b xea h21b y240 ff2 fs215 fc1 sc0 ls1">2</div><div class="t m21c x65 h21c y241 ff9b fs216 fc1 sc0 ls1">µ</div><div class="t m21d x7b h21d y242 ff9c fs217 fc1 sc0 ls9f">Pí</div><div class="t m21e x52 h21e y243 ff9d fs218 fc1 sc0 lsa0">EL</div><div class="t m15e x45 h161 y244 ff2 fs15c fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m21f xf h21f y245 ff9e fs219 fc1 sc0 ls65">la</div><div class="t m160 x10 h163 y246 ff2 fs15e fc1 sc0 ls1">-</div><div class="t m220 xe3 h220 y247 ff9f fs21a fc1 sc0 lsa1 ws2c">PYY<span class="blank _0"></span>Q</div><div class="t m221 x34 h221 y248 ff2 fs21b fc1 sc0 ls1">*</div><div class="t m222 x53 h222 y249 ffa0 fs21c fc1 sc0 ls1">\u2192</div><div class="t m223 xbf h223 y24a ffa1 fs21d fc1 sc0 lsa2">QC</div><div class="t m224 x11 h224 y24b ff2 fs21e fc1 sc0 ls1">2</div><div class="t m225 x2f h225 y24c ff2 fs21f fc1 sc0 ls1">a</div><div class="t m226 x11 h226 y24d ff2 fs220 fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m227 x85 h227 y24e ffa2 fs221 fc1 sc0 ls1">(</div><div class="t m228 x67 h228 y24f ff2 fs222 fc1 sc0 ls1">"</div><div class="t m229 xcb h229 y250 ffa3 fs223 fc1 sc0 lsa3">E)</div><div class="t m22a x16 h22a y251 ffa4 fs224 fc1 sc0 ls1">(</div><div class="t m22b xc0 h22b y252 ff2 fs225 fc1 sc0 ls1">"</div><div class="t m22c x4a h22c y253 ffa5 fs226 fc1 sc0 lsa4">E)</div><div class="t m22d x6b h22d y254 ff2 fs227 fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m22e x56 h22e y255 ffa6 fs228 fc1 sc0 ls1">(</div><div class="t m22f xa4 h22f y256 ff2 fs229 fc1 sc0 lsa5">a-</div><div class="t m230 x4e h230 y257 ffa7 fs22a fc1 sc0 lsa6">c)</div><div class="t m231 xeb h231 y258 ff2 fs22b fc1 sc0 ls1">2</div><div class="t m232 x78 h232 y259 ffa8 fs22c fc1 sc0 lsa7">ECC</div><div class="t m233 x8b h233 y25a ff2 fs22d fc1 sc0 ls1">=</div><div class="t m234 xb3 h234 y25b ffa9 fs22e fc1 sc0 ls1">(</div><div class="t m235 xec h235 y25c ff2 fs22f fc1 sc0 ls1">a</div><div class="t m236 xc8 h236 y25d ff2 fs230 fc1 sc0 ls1">-</div><div class="t m237 xe5 h237 y25e ffaa fs231 fc1 sc0 ls1">P</div><div class="t m238 xed h238 y25f ff2 fs232 fc1 sc0 ls1">,</div><div class="t m239 x95 h239 y260 ff2 fs233 fc1 sc0 ls1">'</div><div class="t m23a xb7 h23a y261 ffab fs234 fc1 sc0 ls1">/</div><div class="t m23b x46 h23b y262 ffac fs235 fc1 sc0 lsa8">QC</div><div class="t m23c xee h23c y263 ff2 fs236 fc1 sc0 ls1">2</div><div class="t m23d x3b h23d y264 ffad fs237 fc1 sc0 ls1">8</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y265 w3 h23e" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/76659ee1-b797-4e08-b491-f4418efd7b41/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y266 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">Comparando los excedentes de ambas situaciones se tiene que: </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y267 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">Esto ocurre por<span class="blank _0"></span>que la integración vertical de ambas \ufb01rmas resuelve el pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oblema de doble </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y268 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">marginación. <span class="blank _0"></span>Antes, la empr<span class="blank _0"></span>esa 2 cobraba un precio de (a+c)/2 > c por el insumo. Con una </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y269 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">cadena de produccion centralizada, deja de existir un mar<span class="blank _0"></span>gen de ganancia sobre el insumo, </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y26a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">permitiendo a la empresa 1 cobrar un pr<span class="blank _0"></span>ecio menor<span class="blank _1"></span>.</div><div class="t m22e xb3 h22e y26b ffa6 fs228 fc1 sc0 ls1">(</div><div class="t m22f xb h22f y26c ff2 fs229 fc1 sc0 lsa5">a-</div><div class="t m23e x52 h23f y26d ff2 fs238 fc1 sc0 ls1">C</div><div class="t m23f x2f h240 y26e ffae fs239 fc1 sc0 ls1">)</div><div class="t m240 xef h231 y26f ff2 fs22b fc1 sc0 ls1">'</div><div class="t m241 xf0 h241 y270 ffaf fs23a fc1 sc0 ls1">(</div><div class="t m176 xca h179 y271 ff2 fs174 fc1 sc0 ls6c ws1b">atc</div><div class="t m177 x72 h17a y272 ff65 fs175 fc1 sc0 ls1">)</div><div class="t m242 x84 h242 y273 ff2 fs23b fc1 sc0 ls1">'</div><div class="t m23d xb5 h23d y274 ffad fs237 fc1 sc0 ls1">8</div><div class="t m243 xd h243 y275 ffb0 fs23c fc1 sc0 ls1">></div><div class="t m244 xf1 h17c y276 ff66 fs177 fc1 sc0 lsa9">zz</div><div class="t m245 xa2 h244 y277 fff fs23d fc1 sc0 ls1">\udb8b\udc1b</div><div class="t m246 xbe h245 y278 ffb1 fs23e fc1 sc0 lsaa">EC</div><div class="t m247 x37 h246 y279 ff2 fs23f fc1 sc0 ls1">'</div><div class="t m248 x4b h247 y27a ffb2 fs240 fc1 sc0 ls1">></div><div class="t m249 xa3 h248 y27b ffb3 fs241 fc1 sc0 lsab">EC</div><div class="t m24a x42 h249 y27c ff17 fs242 fc1 sc0 lsac">E.</div><div class="t m24b xf0 h24a y27d ff17 fs243 fc1 sc0 lsad">EE</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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