0866_c00

Vista previa del material en texto

The CRC HANDBOOK of
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
SECOND EDITION
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
The Mechanical Engineering Handbook Series
Series Editor
Frank Kreith
Consulting Engineer
Published Titles
Air Pollution Control Technology Handbook
Karl B. Schnelle, Jr. and Charles A. Brown
Computational Intelligence in Manufacturing Handbook
Jun Wang and Andrew Kusiak
Fuel Cell Technology Handbook
Gregor Hoogers
Handbook of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
Jan F. Kreider
Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook
Chang Ho Oh
Inverse Engineering Handbook
Keith A. Woodbury
Opto-Mechatronic Systems Handbook: Techniques and Applications
Hyungsuck Cho
The CRC Handbook of Mechanical Engineering, Second Edition
Frank Kreith and D. Yogi Goswami
The CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering
Frank Kreith
The Handbook of Fluid Dynamics
Richard W. Johnson
The MEMS Handbook
Mohamed Gad-el-Hak
Biomedical Technology and Devices Handbook
James Moore and George Zouridakis
Forthcoming Titles
Multi-Phase Flow Handbook
Clayton T. Crowe
Shock and Vibration Handbook
Clarence W. de Silva
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
CRC PR ESS
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
Edited by
Frank Kreith
and
D. Yogi Goswami
The CRC HANDBOOK of
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
SECOND EDITION
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
 
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with
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International Standard Book Number 0-8493-0866-6
Library of Congress Card Number 2004051970
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Printed on acid-free paper
 
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
 
The CRC handbook of mechanical engineering / edited by Frank Kreith, Yogi Goswami. –
2nd ed.
p. cm. — (Mechanical engineering handbook series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-0866-6 (alk. paper)
1. Mechanical engineering—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Kreith, Frank. II. Goswami, D.
Yogi. III. Series.
TJ151.C73 2004
621.3—dc22 2004051970
 
0866_C00.fm Page iv Tuesday, August 10, 2004 5:04 PM
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
 
Preface
 
The purpose of the second edition of the 
 
CRC Handbook of Mechanical Engineering 
 
is to continue
providing practicing engineers in industry, government, and academia with up-to-date information on
the most important topics of modern mechanical engineering. The book covers traditional topics such
as thermodynamics, solid and fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer, materials, controls, energy con-
version, manufacturing and design, robotics, environmental engineering, economics and project man-
agement, patent law, and transportation. These topics were covered in the first edition, but they have
been updated, new references have been added, and efforts have been made to provide information on
computer technology related to the topics at the end of each chapter.
But in the 10 years since the first edition of this handbook was published, changes have taken place
in engineering and technology and additional topics that were not treated in the first edition have come
to the fore. To bring the new edition up-to-date, chapters on topics such as nanotechnology, MEMS,
electronic packaging, global climate change, electric and hybrid vehicles, and bioengineering have been
added. Moreover, the editorial supervision for the second edition has been broadened by the addition
of Yogi Goswami as co-editor. 
In a work of the size of the second edition of this handbook, it is unavoidable that certain errors or
omissions may have occurred. Therefore, the editors appreciate the readers calling any of these short-
comings to their attention and every effort will be made to correct them. We also welcome continuous
feedback from readers about topics that may have been omitted and should be considered for inclusion
in future editions of this work.
The editors would like to thank all the contributors, as well as the CRC staff, especially Helena Redshaw,
Jessica Vakili, Cindy Carelli, and Susan Fox, for their assistance in the preparation of this handbook.
 
Frank Kreith
 
FKreith@aol.com
 
D. Yogi Goswami
 
Goswami@ufl.edu
 
0866_C00.fm Page v Tuesday, August 10, 2004 5:04 PM
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
 
Editors
 
Dr. Frank Kreith
 
 is Professor Emeritus of Engineering at the University of Colorado, Boulder. From
1998 to 2001 he served as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers [ASME] International Legislative
Fellow for Energy and Environment at the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) where he
provided assistance on energy, transportation, and environmental protection to legislators in all 50 state
governments. Prior to joining NCSL in 1988, Dr. Kreith was the Chief of Thermal Research at the Solar
Energy Research Institute (SERI), currently the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. During his tenure
at SERI, he participated in the Presidential Domestic Energy Review, served as an advisor to the Governor
of Colorado, and was the editor of the 
 
ASME Journal of Solar
 
 
 
Energy Engineering
 
. In 1993, he received
the first General Achievement Award from SERI.
From 1951 to 1977, Dr. Kreith taught at the University of California, Lehigh University, and the
University of Colorado. He is the author of over 100 peer-reviewed articles and the author of textbooks
on heat transfer, solar energy, and transportation. He is the recipient of the Charles Greeley Abbot Award
from ASES and the Max Jakob Award from ASME-AIChE. In 1992, he received the Ralph Coats Roe
Medal from ASME for providing technical information to legislators about energy conservation and
environmental protection, and in 1997 the Washington Award for “unselfish and preeminent service in
advancing human progress.” In 1998, Dr. Kreith was awarded the ASME medal for research, publications,
and public service. 
Dr. Kreith has served as a consultant and advisor all over the world. His assignments include consul-
tancies to Vice Presidents Rockefeller and Gore, the U.S. Department of Energy, NATO, the U.S. Agency
for International Development, and the United Nations. He is a registered professional engineer, a Life
Fellow of ASME and aFellow ASES and the American Association for the Advancement of Science
[AAAS]. 
 
D. Yogi Goswami, Ph.D., P.E., 
 
is a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering and Director of
the Solar Energy and Energy Conversion Laboratory at the University of Florida, Gainesville. Dr. Goswami
is internationally known for his research in fundamental and applied areas of renewable energy. He has
published as an author or editor 7 books, 12 book chapters, 4 conference proceedings, and more than
100 refereed technical papers. He also holds 5 U.S. patents and 1 worldwide patent. In 2001 he received
the University of Florida’s award of Research Foundation Professor.
Dr. Goswami is the Editor-in-Chief of 
 
Advances in Solar Energy: An Annual Review of the Developments
in Solar Energy,
 
 published by the American Solar Energy Society (ASES). He is also the Editor-in-Chief
of the 
 
Solar Energy
 
 journal, published by the International Solar Energy Society (ISES) and a past associate
editor of the ASME 
 
Journal of Solar Engineering
 
. Dr. Goswami has chaired a number of task forces to
advise the U.S. Congress and the federal administration on energy policy. He has also made oral presen-
tations on behalf of ISES to the United Nations charrette on world sustainable energy. 
 
0866_C00.fm Page vii Tuesday, August 10, 2004 5:04 PM
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
 
Dr. Goswami is a recognized leader in professional scientific and technical societies. He is the President
of ISES and a member of the Board of Governors of the ASME International. He has also served as Senior
Vice President of ASME-International (2000–2003), President of the International Association for Solar
Energy Education (IASEE, 2000–2002), and a member of the Board of Directors of ISES (2000–2002).
He has also served as a Vice President for Energy Resources Board of ASME-International (1989–1993),
Vice President of IASEE (1998–2000), and a member of the Board of Directors of ASES (1996–2000).
Dr. Goswami is a recipient of the John Yellott Award for Solar Energy from ASME and the Charles
Greely Abbott award of the ASES, and more than 20 other awards from engineering and scientific societies.
He is a registered professional engineer and a fellow of ASME International and ASES.
 
0866_C00.fm Page viii Tuesday, August 10, 2004 5:04 PM
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
 
Contributor List
 
Elsayed M. Afify
 
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina 
 
Talyan Altan
 
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
 
William F. Ames
 
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia 
 
David C. Anderson
 
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
 
Vincent W. Antonetti
 
Consultant
Poughkeepsie, NY
 
Nagaraj K. Arakere
 
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
 
Anthony F. Armor
 
 Electric Power Research 
Institute
Palo Alto, California 
 
Roger E. A. Arndt
 
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
 
Barbara Atkinson
 
Lawrence Berkeley National 
Laboratory
Berkeley, California
 
Richard Bajura
 
West Virginia University
Morgantown, West Virginia
 
William W. Bathie
 
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa 
 
Kenneth J. Bell
 
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, Oklahoma
 
Dale E. Berg
 
Sandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, New Mexico 
 
Stanley A. Berger
 
University of California
Berkeley, California 
 
Arthur K. Bergles
 
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Troy, New York 
 
Desikan Bharathan
 
National Renewable Energy 
Laboratory
Golden, Colorado
 
Bharat Bhushan
 
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
 
Stephen M. Birn
 
Moog Inc., Aircraft Group
Torrance, California
 
Kenneth B. Black
 
University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Massachusetts
 
Carl J. Bliem (Deceased)
 
CJB Consulting
 
Robert F. Boehm
 
University of Nevada
Las Vegas, Nevada 
 
E. Richard Booser
 
Consultant
Vero Beach, Florida
 
Michael L. Brown
 
Harley-Davidson
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 
Matthew Buczek
 
General Electric R & D Center
Schenectady, New York
 
George Cain
 
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
 
Massimo Capobianchi
 
Gonzaga University
Spokane, Washington
 
Van P. Carey
 
University of California
Berkeley, California
 
Tien-Chien Chang
 
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana 
 
0866_C00.fm Page ix Tuesday, August 10, 2004 5:04 PM
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
 
John C. Chen
 
Lehigh University
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 
 
Liang-Yu Chen
 
Ohio Aerospace Institute
NASA Glenn Research Center
Cleveland, Ohio 
 
Stuart W. Churchill
 
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 
Wendy Clark
 
National Renewable Energy 
Laboratory
Golden, Colorado
 
Robert Clear
 
Lawrence Berkeley National 
Laboratory
Berkeley, California
 
Hugh W. Coleman
 
University of Alabama
Huntsville, Alabama
 
H.E. Cook
 
University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign
Urbana, Illinois 
 
Nevis E. Cook, Jr.
 
Colorado School of Mines
Golden, Colorado
 
Jeff R. Crandall
 
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
 
Malcolm J. Crocker
 
Auburn University
Auburn, Alabama
 
Philip C. Crouse
 
Philip C. Crouse and Associates
Dallas, Texas 
 
Peter S. Curtiss
 
Curtiss Engineering
Boulder, Colorado
 
Mark R. Cutkosky
 
Stanford University
Stanford, California
 
Andrea Denver
 
Lawrence Berkeley National 
Laboratory
Berkeley, California
 
Kenneth R. Diller
 
University of Texas
Austin, Texas 
 
John Fildes
 
Northwestern University
Evanston, Illinois
 
John Firor
 
National Center for Atmospheric 
Research
Boulder, Colorado 
 
William F. Fischer, III
 
Lanxide Corporation
Newark, Delaware
 
John M. Fitzgerald
 
University of Texas
Fort Worth, Texas
 
Jean-Pierre Fleurial
 
California Institute of 
Technology
Duarte, California
 
Dan M. Frangopol
 
University of Colorado
Denver, Colorado
 
Steven I. Freedman
 
Gas Research Institute
Deerfield, Illinois
 
Mohamed Gad-el-Hak
 
Virginia Commonwealth 
University
Richmond, Virginia 
 
Sumit Ghosh
 
Stevens Institute of Technology
Hoboken, New Jersey 
 
Bhuvenesh C. Goswami
 
Clemson University
Clemson, South Carolina
 
D. Yogi Goswami
 
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
 
Hank Grant
 
University of Oklahoma
Norman, Oklahoma
 
Victor A. Greenhut
 
Rutgers University
East Brunswick, New Jersey
 
Gregory W. Hall
 
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
 
Ronald R. Hewitt Cohen
 
Colorado School of Mines
Golden, Colorado
 
K.G.T. Hollands
 
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
 
Trevor D. Howes
 
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut
 
0866_C00.fm Page x Tuesday, August 10, 2004 5:04 PM
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
 
Shou-Heng Huang
 
Raytheon Appliance Tech Center
Coralville, Iowa
 
Iqbal Husain
 
University of Akron
Akron, Ohio
 
James D. Idol
 
Rutgers University
Piscataway, New Jersey
 
Tissa Illangasekare
 
Colorado School of Mines
Golden, Colorado
 
Herbert A. Ingley
 
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
 
Thomas R. Irvine, Jr. 
(Deceased)
 
State University of New York, 
Stony Brook
Stony Brook, New York 
 
B. Johan Ivarsson
 
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia 
 
William D. Jackson
 
HMJ Corporation
Kensington, Maryland
 
Chand K. Jotshi
 
AT&TL, Inc.
Gainesville, Florida
 
Richard L. Kautz
 
National Institute of Standards & 
Technology
Boulder, Colorado 
 
Carl J. Kempf
 
NSK Ltd.
Gunma, Japan
 
Francis E. Kennedy
 
Dartmouth College
Hanover, New Hampshire 
 
John Kern
 
Siemens Power Corporation
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 
Jungho Kim
 
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland
 
Nam Ho Kim
 
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
 
David E. Klett
 
North Carolina A&T State 
University
Greensboro, North Carolina
 
Yoram Koren
 
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
 
Steven H. KosmatkaPortland Cement Institute
Skokie, Oregon 
 
Jan F. Kreider
 
Kreider & Associates
Boulder, Colorado
 
Frank Kreith
 
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado
 
Ajay Kumar
 
NASA Langley Research Center
Hampton, Virginia
 
Ashok V. Kumar
 
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
 
Kam Lau
 
Automated Precision, Inc.
Rockville, Maryland
 
Zalman Lavan 
(Deceased)
 
Illinois Institute of Technology
Evanston, Illinois
 
Andrew C. Lee
 
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
 
Kok-Meng Lee
 
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
 
Richard L. Lehman
 
Rutgers University
Piscataway, New Jersey
 
John Leonard II
 
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
 
Frank L. Lewis
 
University of Texas at Arlington
Arlington, Texas
 
Alex Lezuo
Siemens Power Generation
Erlangen, Germany
Steven Y. Liang
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Noam Lior
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Kai Liu
University of Texas
Fort Worth, Texas
0866_C00.fm Page xi Tuesday, August 10, 2004 5:04 PM
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
Tien-I. Liu
California State University
Sacramento, California
Sergey Edward 
Lyshevski
Rochester Institute of 
Technology
Rochester, New York
Marc J. Madou
University of California
Irvine, California
Roop L. Mahajan
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado
Ioan Marinescu
Kansas State University
Manahattan, Kansas
Alan T. McDonald
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
James E. McMahon
Lawrence Berkeley National 
Laboratory
Berkeley, California
Mehran Mehregany
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
Michael Merker
American Society of Mechanical 
Engineers
New York, New York
Michael D. Meyer
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Anthony F. Mills
University of California
Los Angeles, California 
Gregory L. Mines
Idaho National Engineering 
Laboratory
Idaho Falls, Idaho
Michael F. Modest
The Pennsylvania State 
University
University Park, Pennsylvania 
Robert J. Moffat
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Michael J. Moran
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
Takeo Nakagawa
Fine Tech Corporation
Tokyo, Japan
Ronald M. Nelson
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
Paul Norton
National Renewable Energy 
Laboratory
Golden, Colorado 
Andrew D. Oliver
Sandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, New Mexico 
Ralph P. Overend
National Renewable Energy 
Laboratory
Golden, Colorado
Roberto Pagano 
(Deceased)
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
Chan S. Park
Auburn University
Auburn, Alabama
John A. Pearce
University of Texas
Austin, Texas 
Ira Pence
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
George A. Peters
Peters & Peters
Santa Monica, California
Walter D. Pilkey
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
David W. Plummer
Sandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, New Mexico 
John W. Priest
University of Texas
Dallas, Texas 
Ari Rabl
Ecole des Mines de Paris
Paris, France
George Raithby
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Srihari Rajgopal
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
0866_C00.fm Page xii Tuesday, August 10, 2004 5:04 PM
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
K.P. Rajurkar
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Lincoln, Nebraska
Mysore L. Ramalingam
UES, Inc.
Dayton, Ohio
Marshall J. Reed
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, D.C.
Kitt C. Reinhardt
Air Force Research Laboratory
Kirtland AFB, New Mexico
Rolf D. Reitz
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin 
Joel L. Renner
Idaho National Engineering 
Laboratory
Idaho Falls, Idaho
Robert Reuther
U.S. Department of Energy
Morgantown, West Virginia
Alan Ridilla
General Electric R & D Center
Schenectady, New York
Giorgio Rizzoni
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
Ryan Roloff
Honeywell, Engines, Systems 
and Services
Tempe, Arizona
Bela I. Sandor
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin 
Robert E. Schafrik
National Research Council
Washington, D.C.
Paul Schonfeld
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland
Ramesh K. Shah
Rochester Institute of 
Technology
Rochester, New York
Thomas E. Shannon
University of Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
Thomas B. Sheridan
Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts 
Sherif A. Sherif
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
Paul W. Shuldiner
University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Massachusetts
Scott Smith
University of North Carolina
Charlotte, North Carolina
W. Glenn Steele, Jr.
Mississippi State University
Mississippi State, Mississippi
G.T. Stevens, Jr.
Univeristy of Texas, Arlington
Arlington, Texas
William B. Stine
California State Polytechnic 
University
Pasadena, California
Daniel J. Strange
Alfred University
Tucson, Arizona
Nam P. Suh
Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology
Amherst, Massachusetts
N.V. Suryanarayana
Michigan Technological 
University
Houghton, Michigan 
Larry W. Swanson
GE EER
Irvine, California
Yashitsuga Taketomi
NSK Ltd.
Gunma, Japan
J.M.A. Tanchoco
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Donald D. Tippett
University of Alabama in 
Huntsville
Huntsville, Alabama
Jessica Todd
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado
M. Tomizuka
University of California
Berkeley, California
Y.L. Tong
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
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© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
James S. Tulenko
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida 
Blake P. Tullis
Utah State University
Logan, Utah
J. Paul Tullis
Tullis Engineering Consultants
Logan, Utah
Jonathan W. Valvano
University of Texas
Austin, Texas 
Ian D. Walker
Clemson University
Clemson, South Carolina 
Chris Wang
IBM
Tampa, Florida
Shan K. Wang
Consultant
Alhambra, California
W.M.Wang
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Lincoln, Nebraska
Weiping Wang
General Electric R & D Center
Schenectady, New York
John Webster
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut
Walter T. Welford 
(Deceased)
Imperial College of London
London, England
Frank M. White
University of Rhode Island
Narragansett, Rhode Island
Donald F. Wilcock
(Deceased)
Tribolock, Inc.
Roland Winston
University of California
Merced, California
C. Channy Wong
Sandia National Laboratory
Albuquerque, New Mexico 
Stephen Wood
Florida Institute of Technology
Melbourne, Florida
Lynn L. Wright
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Toskiaki Yamaguchi
NSK Ltd.
Gunma, Japan
Su-Hsia Yang
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Darrin J. Young
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio 
Thomas H. Young
Merchant & Gould, P.C.
Denver, Colorado
Federica Zangrando
National Renewable Energy 
Laboratory
Golden, Colorado
Paolo Zannetti
The EnviroComp Institute
Fremont, California
Chen Zhou
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Hong Zhou
University of California
Irvine, California
Christian A. Zorman
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
Phillip J. Zulueta
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, California
0866_C00.fm Page xiv Tuesday, August 10, 2004 5:04 PM
© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Mechanics of Solids Bela I. Sandor
1.1 Introduction Bela I. Sandor
1.2 Statics Bela I. Sandor and Ryan Roloff 
1.3 Dynamics Stephen M. Birn and Bela I. Sandor
1.4 Vibrations Bela I. Sandor and Stephen M. Birn
1.5 Mechanics of Materials Bela I. Sandor, Stephen M. Birn, 
and Michael L. Brown
1.6 Structural Integrity and Durability Bela I. Sandor
1.7 Comprehensive Example of Using Mechanics of Solids 
Methods Bela I. Sandor
Chapter 2 Engineering Thermodynamics Michael J. Moran
2.1 Fundamentals Michael J. Moran 
2.2 Control Volume Applications Michael J. Moran
2.3 Property Relations and Data Michael J. Moran
2.4 Combustion Michael J. Moran
2.5 Exergy Analysis Michael J. Moran
2.6 Vapor and Gas Power Cycles Michael J. Moran
2.7 Guidelines for Improving Thermodynamic Effectiveness
Michael J. Moran 
Chapter 3 Fluid Mechanics Frank Kreith
3.1 Fluid Statics Stanley A. Berger 
3.2 Equations of Motion and Potential Flow Stanley A. Berger3.3 Similitude: Dimensional Analysis and Data Correlation
Stuart W. Churchill
3.4 Hydraulics of Pipe Systems J. Paul Tullis and Blake P. Tullis 
3.5 Open Channel Flow Frank M. White
3.6 External Incompressible Flows Alan T. McDonald 
3.7 Compressible Flow Ajay Kumar and Jessica Todd 
3.8 Multiphase Flow John C. Chen
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© 2005 by CRC Press LLC
3.9 New-Newtonian Flows Thomas F. Irvine Jr. and 
Massimo Capobianchi
3.10 Tribology, Lubrication, and Bearing Design Francis E. 
Kennedy, E. Richard Booser, and Donald F. Wilcock 
3.11 Pumps and Fans Robert F. Boehm 
3.12 Liquid Atomization and Spraying Rolf D. Reitz
3.13 Flow Measurement Jungho Kim, Alan T. McDonald, and 
Sherif A. Sherif
3.14 Pressure Measurement Jungho Kim
3.15 Micro/Nanotribology Bharat Bhushan 
Chapter 4 Heat and Mass Transfer Frank Kreith
4.1 Conduction Heat Transfer Robert F. Boehm 
4.2 Convection Heat Transfer George D. Raithby, 
K.G. Terry Hollands, and N.V. Suryanarayana
4.3 Radiation Michael F. Modest
4.4 Phase-Change Van P. Carey, John C. Chen, and Noam Lior
4.5 Heat Exchangers Ramesh K. Shah and Kenneth J. Bell
4.6 Temperature and Heat Transfer Measurements
Robert J. Moffat and Jungho Kim 
4.7 Mass Transfer Anthony F. Mills
4.8 Applications Arthur E. Bergles, Anthony F. Mills, 
Larry W. Swanson, and Vincent W. Antonetti 
4.9 Non-Newtonian Fluids — Heat Transfer
Thomas F. Irvine, Jr. and Massimo Capobianchi
4.10 Bioheat Transfer Kenneth R. Diller, Jonathan W. Valvano, 
and John A. Pearce
Chapter 5 Electrical Engineering Giorgio Rizzoni
5.1 Introduction Giorgio Rizzoni
5.2 Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Giorgio Rizzoni 
5.3 Resistive Network Analysis Giorgio Rizzoni
5.4 AC Network Analysis Giorgio Rizzoni
5.5 AC Power Giorgio Rizzoni
5.6 Frequency Response, Filters, and Transient Analysis
Giorgio Rizzoni
5.7 Electronics Giorgio Rizzoni
5.8 Power Electronics Giorgio Rizzoni
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5.9 Operational Amplifiers Giorgio Rizzoni
5.10 Digital Circuits Giorgio Rizzoni 
5.11 Measurements and Instrumentation Giorgio Rizzoni
5.12 Electromechanical Systems Giorgio Rizzoni
Chapter 6 Mechanical System Controls Jan F. Kreider
6.1 Human–Machine Interaction Thomas B. Sheridan
6.2 The Need for Control of Mechanical Systems
Peter S. Curtiss 
6.3 Control System Analysis Peter S. Curtiss
6.4 Control System Design and Application Peter S. Curtiss 
6.5 Advanced Control Topics Peter S. Curtiss, Jan Kreider, 
Ronald M. Nelson, and Shou-Heng Huang
6.6 Control of Distributed Generation Technologies
Peter S. Curtiss and Jan F. Kreider
Chapter 7 Energy Resouces D. Yogi Goswami
7.1 Introduction D. Yogi Goswami
7.2 Types of Derived Energy D. Yogi Goswami
7.3 Fossil Fuels Robert Reuther, Richard Bajura, and 
Philip C. Crouse 
7.4 Biomass Energy Ralph P. Overend and Lynn L. Wright
7.5 Nuclear Resources James S. Tulenko
7.6 Solar Energy Resources D. Yogi Goswami
7.7 Wind Energy Resources Dale E. Berg
7.8 Geothermal Energy Joel L. Renner and Marshall J. Reed
Chapter 8 Energy Conversion D. Yogi Goswami
8.1 Steam Power Plant John Kern
8.2 Gas Turbines Steven I. Freedman
8.3 Internal Combustion Engines David E. Klett and 
Elsayed M. Afify 
8.4 Hydraulic Turbines Roger E.A. Arndt
8.5 Stirling Engines William B. Stine
8.6 Advanced Fossil Fuel Power Systems Anthony F. Armor
8.7 Energy Storage Chand K. Jotshi and D. Yogi Goswami 
8.8 Nuclear Power Roberto Pagano and James S. Tulenko 
8.9 Nuclear Fusion Thomas E. Shannon
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8.10 Solar Thermal Energy Conversion D. Yogi Goswami
8.11 Wind Energy Conversion Dale E. Berg
8.12 Energy Conversion of the Geothermal Resource
Carl J. Bliem and Gregory L. Mines
8.13 Direct Energy Conversion Kitt C. Reinhardt, 
D. Yogi Goswami, Mysore L. Ramalingam, Jean-Pierre Fleurial, 
and William D. Jackson
8.14 Ocean Energy Technology Desikan Bharathan and 
Federica Zangrando
8.15 Combined-Cycle Power Plants Alex Lezuo 
Chapter 9 Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
Herbert A. Ingley and Shan K. Wang
9.1 Introduction Shan K. Wang
9.2 Psychrometrics Shan K. Wang
9.3 Air-Conditioning Processes and Cycles Shan K. Wang
9.4 Refrigerants and Refrigeration Cycles Shan K. Wang
9.5 Outdoor Design Conditions and Indoor Design Criteria
Shan K. Wang 
9.6 Principles of Load Calculations Ari Rabl and 
Peter S. Curtiss 
9.7 Air Handling Units and Packaged Units Shan K. Wang
9.8 Refrigeration Components and Evaporative Coolers
Shan K. Wang 
9.9 Water Systems Herbert A. Ingley and Shan K. Wang
9.10 Heating Systems Shan K. Wang 
9.11 Refrigeration Systems Herbert A. Ingley and Shan K. Wang 
9.12 Thermal Storage Systems Shan K. Wang
9.13 Air System Basics Shan K. Wang
9.14 Absorption System Shan K. Wang
9.15 Air-Conditioning Systems and Selection Shan K. Wang 
9.16 Desiccant Dehumidification and Air-Conditioning
Zalman Lavan
Chapter 10 Transportation Frank Kreith
10.1 Transportation Planning Michael D. Meyer 
10.2 Design of Transportation Facilities John Leonard II and 
Michael D. Meyer
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10.3 Operations and Environmental Impacts Michael D. Meyer, 
Paul W. Shuldiner, and Kenneth B. Black
10.4 Transportation Systems Paul Schonfeld
10.5 Alternative Fuels for Motor Vehicles Paul Norton and 
Wendy Clark
10.6 Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Iqbal Husain
10.7 Intelligent Transportation Systems Sumit Ghosh
Chapter 11 Engineering Design Ashok V. Kumar
11.1 Introduction Ashok V. Kumar
11.2 Elements of the Design Process Nam P. Suh
11.3 Design Tools Ashok V. Kumar
11.4 Structural Design Criteria Nagaraj K. Arakere
11.5 Design Optimization Nam Ho Kim
Chapter 12 Materials Bhuvenesh C. Goswami
12.1 Metals Victor A. Greenhut 
12.2 Polymers James D. Idol and Richard L. Lehman 
12.3 Adhesives Richard L. Lehman
12.4 Wood Daniel J. Strange
12.5 Portland Cement Concrete Steven H. Kosmatka
12.6 Composites Bhuvenesh C. Goswami, Weiping Wang, 
R. Allan Ridilla, Mathew B. Buczek, Richard L. Lehman, and 
Daniel J. Strange 
12.7 Ceramics and Glass Richard L. Lehman, Daniel J. Strange, 
and William F. Fischer, III
Chapter 13 Modern Manufacturing Scott Smith
13.1 Introduction Scott Smith
13.2 Unit Manufacturing and Assembly Processes Robert E. 
Schafrik, Steven Y. Liang, Trevor D. Howes, John Webster, 
Ioan Marinescu, Scott Smith, K. P. Rajurkar, W. M. Wang, 
Talyan Altan, Weiping Wang, Alan Ridilla, Matthew Buczek, 
S. H. Cho, Ira Pence, Toskiaki Yamaguchi, Yashitsugu 
Taketomi, and Carl J. Kempf
13.3 Essential Elements in Manufacturing Processes and 
Equipment John Fildes, Yoram Koren, M. Tomizuka, and 
Kam Lau
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13.4 Design and Analysis Tools in Manufacturing David C. 
Anderson, Tien-Chien Chang, Hank Grant, Tien-I. Liu, 
J. M. A. Tanchoco, Andrew C. Lee, and Su-Hsia Yang 
13.5 Rapid Prototyping Takeo Nakagawa
13.6 Underlying Paradigms in Manufacturing Systems and 
Enterprise Management for the 21st Century H. E. Cook 
and Chris Wang
13.7 Electronics Manufacturing: Processes, Optimization, 
and Control Roop L. Mahajan
Chapter 14 Robotics Frank Lewis
14.1 Introduction Frank Lewis 
14.2 Commercial Robot Manipulators John M. Fitzgerald
14.3 Robot Configurations Ian D. Walker
14.4 End Effectors and Tooling Mark R. Cutkosky and 
Peter McCormick
14.5 Sensors and Actuators Kok-Meng Lee
14.6 Robot Programming Languages — Robot Systems
Stephen Wood 
14.7 Robot Dynamics and Control Frank L. Lewis
14.8 Planning and Intelligent Control Chen Zhou
14.9 Design of Robotic Systems Kok-Meng Lee
14.10 Robot Manufacturing Applications John W. Priest and 
G. T. Stevens, Jr.
14.11 Industrial Material Handling and Process Applications 
of Robots John M. Fitzgerald 
14.12 Mobile, Flexible-Link, and Parallel-Link Robots Kai Liu 
Chapter 15 MEMS Technology Mohamed Gad-el-Hak15.1 Introduction Mohamed Gad-el-Hak
15.2 MEMS Technology and Its Applications
Mohamed Gad-el-Hak
15.3 Microscale Manufacturing Processes Marc J. Madou and 
Hong Zhou
15.4 MEMS Packaging Liang-Yu Chen and Phillip J. Zulueta
15.5 Reliability and MEMS Srihari Rajgopal, Christian A. Zorman, 
Darrin J. Young, and Mehran Mehregany
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15.6 Fluid Flow in Microdevices Mohamed Gad-el-Hak 
15.7 Solid Mechanics of Microdevices Fernando Bitsie, C. Channy 
Wong, Andrew D. Oliver, and David W. Plummer
Chapter 16 Environmental Engineering
Ari Rabl and Jan F. Kreider
16.1 Introduction Ari Rabl and Jan F. Kreider 
16.2 Benchmarks and Reference Conditions Ari Rabl, Nevis 
Cook, Ronald R. Hewitt Cohen, and Tissa Illangasekare
16.3 Sources of Pollution and Regulations Jan F. Kreider, Nevis 
Cook, Tissa Illangasekare, and Ronald R. Hewitt Cohen
16.4 Regulations and Emission Standards Nevis Cook, 
Ronald R. Hewitt Cohen, and Jan F. Kreider
16.5 Mitigation of Water and Air Pollution Jan F. Kreider, 
Nevis Cook, and Ronald R. Hewitt Cohen
16.6 Environmental Modeling Paolo Zannetti, Tissa 
Illangasekare, Ronald R. Hewitt Cohen, Nevis Cook, Ari Rabl, 
and Peter S. Curtiss
16.7 Global Climate Change John Firor
Chapter 17 Engineering Economics and Project Management
Chan S. Park and Donald D. Tippett
17.1 Engineering Economic Decisions Chan S. Park
17.2 Establishing Economic Equivalence Chan S. Park
17.3 Measures of Project Worth Chan S. Park
17.4 Cash Flow Projections Chan S. Park
17.5 Sensitivity and Risk Analysis Chan S. Park
17.6 Design Economics Chan S. Park
17.7 Project Management Donald D. Tippett 
Chapter 18 Nanotechnology Sergey Edward Lyshevski
18.1 Introduction Sergey Edward Lyshevski
18.2 Applications of Engineering Biomimetics in Nanomachines 
Prototyping Sergey Edward Lyshevski.
18.3 Nanomachines Synthesis and Classification
Sergey Edward Lyshevski
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18.4 Synthesis, Design and Analysis of Nanomachines
Sergey Edward Lyshevski
18.5 Synchronous Reluctance Nanomachines
Sergey Edward Lyshevski
18.6 Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Nanomachines
Sergey Edward Lyshevski
18.7 Induction Nanomachines Sergey Edward Lyshevski
18.8 Conclusions Sergey Edward Lyshevski
Chapter 19 Mathematics William F. Ames and George Cain
19.1 Tables 
19.2 Linear Algebra and Matrices George Cain 
19.3 Vector Algebra and Calculus George Cain 
19.4 Difference Equations William F. Ames 
19.5 Differential Equations William F. Ames 
19.6 Integral Equations William F. Ames
19.7 Approximation Methods William F. Ames
19.8 Integral Transforms William F. Ames 
19.9 Calculus of Variations William F. Ames
19.10 Optimization Methods George Cain
19.11 Engineering Statistics Y. L. Tong
19.12 Numerical Methods William F. Ames
19.13 Experimental Uncertainty Analysis W.G. Steele and 
H.W. Coleman 
19.14 Chaos R. L. Kautz 
19.15 Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic Dan M. Frangopol 
Chapter 20 Patent Law and Miscellaneous Topics Frank Kreith
20.1 Patents and Other Intellectual Property
Thomas H. Young 
20.2 Product Liability and Safety George A. Peters
20.3 Biomechanics B. Johan Ivarsson, Jeff R. Crandall, 
Gregory W. Hall, and Walter D. Pilkey 
20.4 Mechanical Engineering Codes and Standards
Michael Merker
20.5 Optics Roland Winston and Walter T. Welford
20.6 Water Desalination Noam Lior
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20.7 Noise Control Malcolm J. Crocker
20.8 Lighting Technology Barbara Atkinson, Andrea Denver, 
Robert Clear, and James E. McMahon
Appendices Paul Norton
A. Properties of Gases and Vapors
B. Properties of Liquids
C. Properties of Solids
D. Gases and Vapors
E. Miscellaneous 
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