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GCI Certification Program 
 
CERTIFICATE 
IN 
 
FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS MEASUREMENT 
 
 
 
 
Confidentiality Statement 
 
The information contained in this brochure is confidential and is intended only for the 
use of the named recipient(s). You are hereby notified that any dissemination, 
distribution, copying or other use of this information is strictly prohibited and no privilege 
is waived. This document may not be reproduced either mechanically or electronically 
in any fashion. The information contained herin is the property of Gas Certification 
Institute, LLC and is copyrighted 
 
 
 
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Gas Certification Institute, LLC 
P.O. Box 131525 
Houston, Texas 
77219-1525 
Office: 281-598-7200 
Fax: 281-598-7200 
www.gascertification.com 
contact@gascertification.com 
 
Dear Gas Measurement Professional 
 
Thank you for taking the opportunity to review the GCI Gas Measurement Certification Program. 
 
As a gas measurement professional, the industry recognizes three significant events are occurring simultaneously in the industry: 
1. The value of accurate gas measurement continues to escalate. 
2. Average age of gas measurement professional is between 48-55. Many of these individuals have 20+ years experience in 
gas measurement. Many of these individuals will be retiring over the next 5-10 years., 
3. Many companies do not have designated programs in place to “train and replace” these individuals. 
 
GCI is working towards meeting the need of comprehensive training for this market. Our curriculum of gas measurement courses 
both theory and hands-on provides a path for any technician or engineer to work through in order to achieve a certification level both 
him and his company can feel comfortable with. Each of the modules has been written and revised by resident professional(s) in 
their area. 
 
We recognize that each of these modules may or may not address all aspects of your business. This is your opportunity to provide 
input, feedback and direction on this curriculum in order to assure that we are providing the most comprehensive set of tools in the 
workplace. 
 
GCI has been providing training to the gas measurement since the 1980’s. With the capability of providing hands-on live gas 
measurement training, GCI occupies a unique position in the marketplace in the training environment. As GCI meets with 
management teams, we continue to see the following themes: 
 
1. Memorialization of Training: Providing a venue for live training, some type of follow-up or refresher (web-cast, books) and 
the ability to go back to some third party from time to time for additional training. 
2. Third Party Training: Recognizing that in-house training has been the standard for some time, this has not necessarily 
become economical, as well as limited resources in-house to conduct the training. Third Party Training provide an 
auditable vehicle to track an engineer’s progress throughout their skill levels. 
3. Documentation: Provide a record preferably “on-line” each engineers training, as well a tool to use in audits or skills 
assessments as your company works with other pipelines, utilities, and producers. 
 
We kindly request that that your organization provide a comments/suggestions back to GCI on the both the positives and negatives 
of this certification program. GCI is providing this to the major pipeline, producers and gatherers in the market, and we consider 
your feedback very essential. This information will be used to revise the existing curriculum to move us closer to providing a 
program for the gas measurement professional. 
 
If you have any questions as you work through this document, please don’t hesitate to call me at 713 466 1902. 
 
Best regards, 
 
 
Ardis Bartle 
Representative 
 
Cc: Russel W. Treat, GCI 
 
 
 
 
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TRAINING MODULES 
 
 
Modules for Certificate in 
Fundamentals of Gas Measurement 
 
 
 Gas Measurement Fundamentals 1.5 Days 
 
 EFM & Measurement Best Practices 2.5 Days 
 
 Flow Measurement – Ultrasonics, Turbines, Coriolis, 
 Vortex & Insertion Meters 1 Day 
 
 Transmitters, Calibration and Flow Computer Applications 1 Day 
 
 Electronic Instrumentation 1 Day 
 
 Valve Maintenance 1 Day 
 
 Gas Measurement Hands On 1 Day 
 
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Gas Measurement Fundamentals (1.5 Days) 
 
 
 
I. Gas Measurement Fundamentals 
A. Natural Gas Chemistry 
B. Physical Behavior 
1. Gas Laws 
2. Specific Gravity 
3. Gas and Liquid Density 
 
II. Units of Measurement 
A. Base Conditions 
1. Absolute, Gauge, and Atmosphere Pressure 
2. Temperature 
3. Contract Pressure Base 
B. Standard Cubic Feet 
C. Heating Valve 
D. Mass 
 
III. Volume Determinations Measurement Devices 
A. Orifice Meter 
1. Primary Element 
2. Secondary Element 
3. Chart Calculations 
4. Measurement Problems 
B. Gas Orifice Meter 
1. Basic Flow Equations 
2. Beta Ratio 
3. Basic Orifice Flow Factor 
C. Positive Displacement Meters 
1. Rotary Meters 
2. Diaphragm Meter 
3. Flow Calculations 
4. Sample Problems 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Why you should take this course: 
• Understand the importance of measurement for control and custody applications. 
• Identify components of gas 
• Comprehend gas laws and its affect on gas measurement 
• Understand the relationship of primary elements and secondary elements in gas measurement. 
• Identify various types of meters used in gas measurement. 
• Calculate gas measurement using volume and gas quality data. 
• Examine sample problems in regards to gas calculations and resolutions 
• Determine factors that can affect gas measurement an alter accuracy. 
 
 
 
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Electronic Flow Meter (EFM) Measurement Best Practices (2.5 Days) 
 
 
I. Orifice Meter Test Procedures for Chart Recorders 
A. Introduction 
B. Test Equipment 
C. Documentation (Test Report) 
D. The Meter Test 
E. Completing Test Report 
 
II. Witnessing Meter Test Inspections 
A. Measurement Witnessing Checklist 
1. Before Calibration 
2. Take Gas Sampling Calibration 
3. Differential Pressure Device 
4. Static Pressure Device 
5. Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) 
6. Orifice Plate 
7. After Calibration 
8. Paperwork 
 
III. Charts and Chart Recorders 
A. Types of Charts 
1. L-10 
2. Square Root 
B. Recorders 
1. Pressure 
2. Temperature 
3. Calibration and maintenance 
 
IV. Control of Pulsation Induced Measurement Error 
A. What is Pulsation 
1. Definition 
2. Field causes 
B. Measurement Effects on Primary Element 
1. Square Root Error (SRE) 
2. How to calculate SRE 
3. Gas contract limits 
4. Industry Standards 
5. How to Measure SRE 
6. How to reduce pulsation induced SRE error 
C. Measurement Effects on Secondary Element 
1. Gage Line Error (GLE) 
2. How to calculate GLE 
3. How to measure GLE 
4. How to reduce pulsation induced GLE error 
 
 
 
 
 
 
V. Odorization 
A. Why Odorize? 
1. New London Accident History 
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2. Federal Code (CFR 49 192.625) 
B. How much is enough? 
1. How to measure 
2. What is LEL 
3. What is readily Detectable 
C. Safety 
 
VI. Effects of Weather on Odorizaiton 
A. Freezing Point of Odorant 
B. Wind Chill Effect 
C. Boiling Point of Odorant 
D. Density vs. Temperature 
E. Frozen Water in Odorant or Gas 
 
VII. Different Methods of Odorization Control 
A. Proportional to Time 
B. Proportional to Flow 
 
VIII. Different Types of Odorizers 
A. Coke Bottle 
B. By-Pass 
C. Drip 
D. Wick 
E. Injection 
 
IX. Proper Installation 
A. Where to locate within your system 
B. How far from the pipeline 
C. Dielectric Isolation 
D. Check valves 
E. Sight glass 
F. Grounding 
G. Power 
H. Flow Measurement 
 
X. Gas Sampling and Chromatographic Gas Analysis 
A. Introduction 
B. Sampling Methods 
C. Transportation 
D. Sample Preparation 
E. Chromatographic Gas Analysis 
 
XI. Techniques of Gas Spot Sampling 
A. Payment 
B. Sample Point Location 
C. Sample Valves 
D. Sample Cylinders and CylinderRelated Equipment 
E. D.O.T. Transportation 
F. Spot Sampling Methods 
1. G.P.A. Fill and Empty Method 
2. G.P.A. Continuous Purge Method 
3. G.P.A. Method for Taking Spot Sample in an Evacuated Cylinder or Standard 
Sample Cylinder Filled with an Inert Gas 
4. Drawing a Spot Sample Into a Constant Pressure (Sliding Piston) Sample 
Cylinder 
5. Installation of a Continuous Sampler 
6. Installation of an On-Stream Analyzing Device 
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VIII. Test 
 
IX. Inspecting Orifice Meters 
A. Importance of inspecting a meter 
B. Taking a meter out of service 
1. Equipment and Materials Required 
2. Inspection 
a Physical Dimensions 
b Flange Faces 
c Flange “Two-Bolt” Level 
d Flange Tilt 
e Bad or Poorly Finished Welds 
f Communication between Tap Holes 
g Straightening Vane Location 
3. Tap Holes 
4. Orifice Plate Centering 
5. Tube Internal Diameter 
 
X. Meter Tube Inspection Sheets 
A. Importance of Inspection Reports 
B. How to Fill Out Meter Tube Inspection Reports 
C. Orifice Fitting Blank Plate Leakage Test 
 
XI. Test 
 
XII. Gas Chromatograph 
A. What it is and relation to measurement 
B. Operation & Internals of a Gas Chromatograph 
C. The effects of liquids on GC’s 
D. Maintenance of a GC 
E. On-line versus Portable 
 
 
XIII. Lab Procedures for Chromatographic Natural Gas 
A. Log- In Procedures 
B. Sample Preparation 
C. Gas Chromatography Procedures 
D. Hexanes Plus BTU Analysis (GPA Method 2261) 
E. Extended Gas Analysis (GPA Method 2286) 
F. BTU History and Review Process 
G. Cylinder Cleaning 
 
XIV. Test 
 
 
 
Why You Should Take This Course: 
• Understanding of the importance Electronic Flow Meters in Gas Measurement including orifice, 
turbine and positive displacement meters. 
• Gain comprehension of Electronic Flow Meters recommended best practices 
• Examine the proper operation and maintenance of chart recorders. 
• Understand the role of Orifice Meters in Gas Measurement and importance of correct 
measurement procedures. 
• Recognize the importance of meter test and witnessing, and proper procedures to conduct a 
meter test. 
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• Proper procedure for taking a meter out of service 
• Explain importance of meter tube inspections 
• Examine Control of Pulsation Induced Measurement Error and the affects on measurement 
• Understand the federal regulations involved with Department of Transportation 
• Recognize the importance of analysis (gas quality) in relation to Electronic Flow Meters 
• Examine techniques of gas spot sampling 
• Explain methods for Gas Sampling and Chromatographic Gas Analysis 
• Review Lab Procedures for Chromatographic Natural Gas 
• Gain knowledge of GPA 2261 and 2286 & the relation to chromatography. 
• Discuss applications for flow computers 
 
 
Who should attend: This course is intended for anyone who installs, operates, maintains, troubleshoots, 
and witnesses sales calibrations, gas measurement analysts who are involved with Gas Measurement 
Systems. 
 
 
 
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Flow Measurement - Ultrasonics, Turbines, Coriolis, Vortex & Insertion Meters 
(1 Day ) 
 
 
 
I. Ultrasonic Meters 
A. Theory 
B. Application 
C. Operation 
D. Sizing and selection 
E. Standards (API, AGA, etc.) 
 
II. Turbine Meters 
A. Theory 
B. Application 
C. Operation 
D. Sizing and selection 
E. Standards (API, AGA, etc.) 
 
III. Coriolis, Vortex and Insertion Meters 
A. Theory 
B. Application 
C. Operation 
D. Sizing and selection 
E. Standards (API, AGA, etc.) 
 
 
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Transmitters, Calibration and Flow Computer Applications (1 Day) 
 
 
 
I. Transmitter 
A. Differential Pressure Transmitters 
B. Static Pressure Transmitter 
C. Temperature Transmitter 
 
II. Calibration 
A. General 
B. Zero Adjustments 
1. Non-Hazardous Locations 
2. Hazardous Locations 
C. Span Adjustment 
D. Calibration Procedure 
E. Range Adjustment 
F. Linearity Adjustment 
G. Damping Adjustment 
 
III. Service 
A. General 
B. Troubleshooting 
C. Disassembly 
1. Sensor Module 
2. Transmitter (Wet End) 
3. Transmitter (Electronics Housing) 
D. Assembly 
1. Preliminary 
2. Sensor Module to Electronics 
3. Housing 
4. Electronic Housing 
5. Transmitter (Wet End) 
E. Parts Interchange 
 
IV. Test 
 
V. Flow Computers and Their Application 
A. Review of AGA 3- old versus new 
B. Components of a flow computer 
C. Sensing elements 
1. Pressure 
2. Temperature 
3. Differential Pressure 
4. Multivariable Transmitters 
D. Communication and Configuration 
E. Power Supply & Consumption 
1. Solar Panels 
2. Maintenance Concerns 
F. New Technologies 
 
VI. Test 
 
Electronic Instrumentation 
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(1 Day ) 
 
 
I. DC Theory 
A. Voltage, current, resistance 
B. Battery characteristics 
C. Power sources 
1. Solar to charge battery 
2. AC powered battery charger 
D. Electrical instrument signals – 4-20 ma, 1-5 V 
E. Electrical installation in hazardous locations 
F. Lab Exercise 
 
 
Why You Should Take This Course: 
 
• Employ proper safety practices during installation, calibration and maintenance procedures 
• Select ands operate test equipment to measure electrical properties and calibration instruments 
• Describe transmitters and the difference between temperature, pressure and differential and how 
they affect gas measurement 
• Explain other various electronic devices including Pulse Generators for Turbine Meters, Pulse 
Duration Telemeters (Quantimers), Signal Isolators and I-P Converters 
• Exercises in Calibration including Zero Adjustments, Span Adjustments Calibration Procedure, 
Range Adjustment, Linearity Adjustment and Damping Adjustment 
• Specify 
• Understand troubleshooting, disassembly, assembly and parts interchange for electronic 
instrumentation. 
 
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Valve Maintenance (1 Day) 
 
 
 
I. Lubrication Equipment 
A. Hydraulic hand gun 
B. Screw prime gun 
C. Rockwell Hypergun 
D. Sealweld Activ-8 
E. Proper loading of stuck cartridge greases with special tools (EZ Loader) 
F. Maintenance/troubleshooting of different hand-held and air-operated lubrication 
equipment 
G. Different uses and pumping capacities 
 
II. Products 
A. Flushes and cleaners 
B. Lubricants 
C. Sealants 
D. Stern Packing 
E. Designated use of each product 
F. Type-specific greasing situations 
G. Different products for different equipment models 
H. Product shelf lives 
 
III. Fittings 
A. Safe use of different fittings on ball, gate and plug valves 
B. Body drains 
C. Packing injectors 
D. Lubrication fittings 
E. Special adapters 
 
IV. Plug Valves 
A. Design and function 
B. Need for greasing 
C. When to use different products during troubleshooting 
 
V. Ball Valves 
A. Design and characteristics of ball valves (Cameron, Grove, Orbit) 
B. Common problems and solutions 
C. Safety tips for troubleshooting under pressure 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VI. Gate Valves 
A. Designed operation of different gate valves (Slab gates, Expanding Gates) 
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B. Common problems and solutions 
 
 
Why You Should Take This Course: 
• Illustrate the benefits and limitations of different types of rotary and sliding stem valves and their 
actuators. 
• Troubleshoot techniques for gate valves, plug valves, ball valves and actuators 
• Illustrate use of products from lubricants to sealants 
• Examine the proper operation and maintenance of chart recorders. 
• Discuss value of fittings and proper procedures 
• Illustrate common problems and solutions for various values 
 
Who should attend: This course is intended for anyone who maintains repairs or calibrates pneumatic 
valves and controllers. It is also beneficial for those who purchase these components or replacement 
parts. 
 
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- 
Practical Hands On (1 Day) 
 
 
 
 
 
A. Meter run inspection - 8:00a - 9:00a 
 
B. Sampling Systems - 9:00a – 12:00p 
 
C. Gas Chromatography - 12:30p – 4:00p