Modelos de gestión aplicados a la sostenibilidad empresarial 577 3. GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS APPLIED TO SUSTAINABILITY The various existing standa...

Modelos de gestión aplicados a la sostenibilidad empresarial

577
3. GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS APPLIED TO SUSTAINABILITY
The various existing standards provide companies with a broad debate about the management tools that are used to ensure sustainable development planning. These are mainly domestic actions necessary to achieve a detailed diagnosis of and reliable commitment by organisations. These methodologies and tools were developed with the aim of attracting businesses to pursue sustainable development and corporate responsibility and to improve their social impact and reputation (Olcese, Rodríguez Ángel and Alfaro, 2008). Consequently, standards also represent part of organisations’ total strategy. According to Louette (2007), we distinguish between two types of standards in accordance with the aims of its supporters. First, there are those that are published by official standards organisations, which include ISO 14000 (environmental), ISO 9000 (quality), EC EMAS (environmental), BS 8800 (working conditions) and BS 8855 (environmental). The market has encouraged the creation of institutions that regulate certain high standards of management in areas such as security and working conditions, among others. The most important of these second type of standards are: SA 8000 (social rights), OHSAS 18001 (risks / accidents) and AA 1000 (accountability). In our study, we observed the creation of social accountability standards in several countries, the main highlights being those made in Brazil (ABNT NBR 16001), the UK (BS 8900), Australia (AS 8003), France (SD 21000), Israel (IS 10000), Japan (EC S2000), Italy (Q-Res) and Germany (VMS). Responses to international demand for policies dealing with social responsibility are underway and the creation of a third generation of standards - the ISO 26000, which deals with Social Responsibility without taking into account the presentation of guidelines for certification, is scheduled for September 2010. The document is intended to add value to and not replace previous intergovernmental agreements dealing with social responsibility, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations) and those adopted by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). This new family of standards will address issues regarding corporate environmental responsibility, human rights, labour practices, governments, organisations, fair business practices, community participation, social development and consumer protection. In figures 2 and 3, we present a summary of the evolution of the main guides, standards, certification systems and codes of conduct related to sustainability. We note that this process began in 1987 with the publication of ISO 9001 and intensified in the 1990s, eventually reaching broader adoption worldwide in the 2000s.
Capítulo 10 - Anexos
578
Guidelines, standards and certification systems
YEAR DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE ENTITY
ISO 9000 1987 The ISO 9000 family addresses "quality management". This means what the organization does to fulfill the customer's quality requirements and applicable regulatory requirements, in order to improve customer satisfaction and achieve continual improvement of its performance in pursuit of these objectives. ISO 9001 - System of quality management is the most popular of the series. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Sweden
Values Management System ZfW - VMS ZfW 1988 It is the standard management of values that includes the moral dimension of economic transactions and other issues of securities to the strategies, policies and procedures of companies (standard procedures). German Business Ethics Network (DNWE) Germany
EU Regulation No 761/2001 of Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) 1995 Eco-management systems, as formalized in the ISO 14000 and EMAS Regulation define the method of operation to be adopted by Companies willing to achieve an integrated environmental management, thus allowing continuous improvement in their environmental performance. European Commission Europe
ISO 14000 1996 The ISO 14000 series addresses "environmental management". This means what the organization does to minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its