What are the causes and diagnostic evaluation of acid-base disorders?

The primary organs that deal with acid load are the lungs and the kidneys.
The respiratory response to changes in extracellular pH is slower than the renal response.
Acidosis can result from increased production of non-volatile acids, decreased acid excretion by the kidneys, or loss of alkali.
The diagnosis of acid-base disorders is made by measuring serum electrolytes and arterial blood gas analysis.